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Biomedical subjects

F J Kaup

Publications and source records attributed to F J Kaup.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Tissue lipid peroxidation in nutritional encephalomalacia of broiler chickens].

The consequences of different dietary fats in combination with two vitamin E levels on peroxidative tissue damage of chicken brain and liver and its meaning for development of nutritional encephalomalacia (NE) were investigated. A feeding experiment was performed with 1-day-old chickens from hens on a vitamin-E-poor diet. The animals received a vitamin-E-deficient basic diet containing 10% fat, rich in either C18:3n3-, C18:2n6- or C18:1n9-fatty acids. The fat was given either fresh or oxidized (peroxidation number: 250) and 0 or 50 ppm alpha-tocopherylacetate was added. Typical symptoms of NE occurred mainly in those groups fed with n6-fatty acids beginning on day 7. In order to evaluate oxidative tissue damage, conjugated dienes, fluorescent pigments and TBA-reactive substances were determined in liver, cerebrum and cerebellum. Brain was examined histologically. In liver and cerebrum, the feeding of oxidized fats led to a 20% increase in conjugated dienes. Fluorescent pigments could be determined only in the brain tissues. However, feeding conditions had no effect, although autofluorescence was observed histologically in the affected animals. TBA-reactive substances were heightened in cerebrum (30%) and liver (130%) as a result of feeding linolenic acid. Vitamin E deficiency doubled TBA-reactive substances only in the liver. The parameters measured did not show intensified lipid peroxidation in the cerebellum of the animals fed the NE producing diet. Rather, the liver seems to be affected by the oxidative stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Animal model for the therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

The reverse transcriptase (RT) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the major target for antiretroviral therapy of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). While some inhibitors exhibit activity against most retroviral RTs, others are specific for the HIV-1 enzyme. To develop an animal model for the therapy of the HIV-1 infection with RT inhibitors, the RT of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was replaced by the RT of HIV-1. Macaques infected with this SIV/HIV-1 hybrid virus developed AIDS-like symptoms and pathology. The HIV-1-specific RT inhibitor LY300046.HCl, but not zidovudine [3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)] delayed the appearance of plasma antigenemia in macaques infected with a high dose of the chimeric virus. Infection of macaques with the chimeric virus seems to be a valuable model to study the in vivo efficacy of new RT inhibitors, the emergence and reversal of drug resistance, the therapy of infections with drug-resistant viruses, and the efficacy of combination therapy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Clinical, and light and electron microscopical findings in sows with cystitis.

The clinical findings, and urinary and morphological changes in the urinary bladder were investigated in 25 sows with a urinary tract infection. Eubacterium suis was isolated from 12 of the sows but not from the other 13. The clinical signs did not always correlate with the morphological changes. The only clinical sign indicating the beginning of cystitis appeared to be a significant bacteriuria. Other urinary changes occurred later when the inflammatory processes were more severe. In contrast with cystitis due to other bacteria, infection with E suis frequently resulted in a macrohaematuria and urinary pH values above 8.0. However, the light and electron microscopical findings in the bladder mucosa were similar in the sows with and without cystitis due to E suis. The transformation of goblet cells and the development of mucin cysts were probably due to the local bladder defence mechanisms. More severe lesions were observed with E suis infections, which resulted in changes in the ureterovesical junctions and in ascending renal infection and uraemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Light- and electron-microscopic studies of the structure of normal bladder epithelium in female swine].

A light- and electron-microscope investigation was performed to examine the normal structure of the porcine urinary bladder. Tissue biopsies were studied obtained from 10 healthy female pigs (four weanling pigs, six sows). The bladder wall showed a typical stratification consisting of a tunica (t.) mucosae, t. submucosae, t. muscularis and t. serosa. The mucosa consisted of an epithelium transitionale, a lamina propria, and a lamina muscularis mucosae. The urothelium was composed of a basal layer, one or more intermediate layer(s), and a superficial layer. The urothelial cells of all layers were connected by desmosomes, while tight junctions linked adjacent superficial cells. Surface cells were lined by a layer of mucus, which is believed to provide an important barrier against bacterial infection. The surface of the superficial cells was also characterized by numerous irregularly arranged microplicae. By contrast, intermediate cells, which are assumed to be immature cell forms, showed microvilli-like structures. When desquamation of superficial cells takes place, differentiation of underlying intermediate cells is accompanied by merging of microvilli to form microplicae. The morphology of the bladder surface structures may play an important role in the ability of bacteria to adhere to the urothelium.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in macaques after simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac superinfection.

By superinfection of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) strain HIV-2ben-infected macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVmac, we investigated the mutual influences of an apathogenic and a pathogenic virus in vivo. Four rhesus and two cynomolgus monkeys were infected with HIV-2ben in 1988 and 1989, respectively. Virus could be reisolated from five of six animals 6 weeks after infection. The monkeys remained healthy over the next 2 to 3 years. PCR for viral RNA became negative, and virus could no longer be reisolated by coculture. All six macaques were superinfected with the pathogenic SIVmac251/32H. Subsequently, five monkeys became persistently viremic, while one animal was protected against the SIVmac infection. In the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cocultures of the five viremic animals, DNA from both HIV-2 and SIVmac was present. The plasma contained RNA from both viruses. Thus, superinfection with SIVmac activated HIV-2. A proliferative T-cell response against both HIV-2 and SIVmac was measured in all animals after superinfection. Such a response was regularly seen after infection with the apathogenic HIV-2 but never when the pathogenic SIVmac alone was administered. While naive control monkeys inoculated with SIVmac251/32H regularly develop AIDS-like symptoms soon after infection and have to be killed, none of the preinfected animals has developed AIDS-like symptoms, but two of six animals developed tumors. After the SIVmac challenge, however, apoptotic lymphocytes were detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all animals. Thus, the presence of an apathogenic viral variant seems to retard the disease occurring after infection with a pathogenic virus rather than to confirm total protection. This partial protection appears to depend on a specific proliferative T-cell response early after infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Occurrence and significance of different adhesion molecules--review].

The adhesion of leucocytes to endothelial cells is an important step in the migration of these cells into lymphatic tissue and to places of acute inflammation. These leucocytes do not only stick to altered endothelial cells during acute inflammation as part of the immun response. They also interact with normal endothelial cells in order to immigrate in lymphatic and extralymphatic tissue. Three cell surface molecule families regulate the tissue specific migration of leucocytes on the molecular level: integrin family, selectin family and the immunglobulin supergen family. This review reports the present state of research. It has to be taken in consideration, that almost every day new results will be found.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Intestinal trichomoniasis due to Tritrichomonas mobilensis in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri).

Intestinal trichomoniasis was observed in 156 of 202 Tupaia belangeri (77.2%). The parasites were located principally in the cecum (75%) and were far less common in the proximal portion of the colon (19%) or terminal portion of the ileum (6%). Advanced trichomoniasis was associated with liquid cecal contents but not diarrhea. The trichomonads had a tendency to penetrate the mucosal epithelial layer, causing desquamation of entire crypts. They never penetrated the epithelial basement membrane and never triggered inflammatory responses. The trichomonads were characterized by three anterior flagella and one trailing flagellum that extended over the entire parasite body, connected to it by an undulating membrane. The capitulum of the straight axostyle formed a small but well defined pelta, and the stout costa had distinct banding. The parasites thereby matched the description of Tritrichomonas mobilensis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Light and electron microscopic studies on the sporogenesis of Sphaerospora molnari in the gill lamellas of carp (Cyprinus carpio)].

The sporogenesis of Sphaerospora molnari in the gill lamellas of the common carp was investigated by light- and electron microscopy. Whereas pseudoplasmodia were not identified, the development from one secondary cell containing two tertiary cells to the mature spore was pursued. Monosporic sporoblasts surrounded by an envelope cell were observed lying isolated in the host tissue. Sporoblast generative cells differentiated into two capsulogenic cells, two mononucleate sporoplasms and two valvogenic cells. In the course of valvogenesis the latter lost their cytoplasmatic vacuoles to form the electron dense values of the mature spore. Via capsular primordia with external tubules polar capsules containing polar filaments developed in the capsulogenc cells. In contrast to valvogenic and capsulogenic cells, sporoplasms were not submitted to structural changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Immunoelectron microscopical demonstration of the absorption of colostral IgG by small intestinal enterocytes in newborn rats.

The protein A-gold technique was used in the cranial, transitional and caudal segments of the small intestine of 12 newborn rats to demonstrate the process of absorption of gold-labelled IgG through the enterocytes. The observation of the attachment of labelled IgG molecules to the wall of coated vesicles suggested a receptor-mediated transport of colostral IgG in the cranial segment of the small intestine. However, intracellular micropinocytotic transport predominated in the transitional and caudal segments of the small intestine. There was no evidence for paracellular transport. Lysosomal structures in the enterocytes did not appear to impede the absorptive activity during the absorption period, which lasted 20 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

An immunoelectron microscopic investigation of colostral IgG absorption across the intestine of newborn calves.

The protein A-gold was used to examine the transport of colostral IgG from the lumen of the gut to the circulation in four newborn calves and one 24-hour-old calf. The absorptive enterocytes of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were investigated five to 60 minutes after administering colostrum, and 24 hours after birth. In the newborn calves, an intracellular micropinocytotic transport of IgG molecules was dominant throughout the entire small intestine. The amount transported increased from the duodenum to the ileum. In addition, evidence of a selective, receptor-mediated transport of IgG during the first few hours of life was provided by the presence of bovine clathrin at the microvillous membrane of the duodenal and jejunal enterocytes, indicating the existence of specialised vesicles for transport, the so-called 'coated' vesicles. No sign of paracellular transport was detected. Intestinal closure was interpreted as a multifactorial event comprising the replacement of the fetal intestinal epithelial cells by more mature populations, the initial cessation of transport at the basal and lateral cell membrane of the absorptive enterocytes, and an increase in intracellular proteolytic activity by lysosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Demonstration of Sindbis virus antigen in Lowicryl-embedded cultured cells by immunogold staining.

Eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were tested for the use in immunogold staining of Sindbis virus (SIN) antigen in cultured Baby Hamster kidney (BHK) cells. The antibodies were directed against the capsid (C) protein (5) or against the glycoprotein E1 (3), respectively. Four out of five anti-C MAbs and two out of three anti-E1 Mabs reacted on frozen sections, whereas two of the anti-C antibodies and none of the anti-E1 antibodies reacted on Lowicryl K4M-embedded cells. The MAbs reacting, in particular the anti-C Mabs which react on Lowicryl K4M-sections, will allow further studies of the pathogenesis and replication of alphaviruses on the cellular level. The results also confirm the conformation-dependence of the glycoprotein epitopes.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1994

Cryptosporidiosis of liver and pancreas in rhesus monkeys with experimental SIV infection.

Following an experimental SIV infection, 11 rhesus monkeys were evaluated to determine the presence of opportunistic infections. Five animals had severe alterations of the hepatobiliary tree, three of which were associated with the presence of numerous Cryptosporidium spp. Subacute to chronic inflammatory changes were observed in the pancreatic ducts of four animals, one without histologic evidence of parasites. In one animal, the inflamed ducts were associated with a chronic interstitial pancreatitis. The rate of Cryptosporidium infection together with hepatic and pancreatic involvement (36%) supports the hypothesis that systemic cryptosporidiosis is the result of a loss of protective mucosal immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of two Metabacterium sp. from the gut of rodents. 1. Morphology and histochemical examination of a new Metabacterium sp. from the gut of the European hamster (Cricetus cricetus)

A new giant Gram-negative non-cultivatable symbiotic endospore-forming bacterium was found in the gut of the European hamster. This "Metabacterium" sp., provisionally named "Metabacterium criceti", sp. n., has a length of approximately 20 microns and thickness of 4 microns. It forms 1 to 2 cylindrical endospores, approximately 9 microns long and 1.4 microns thick. TEM-micrographs show a cell wall structure characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria. Vegetative cells are filled with granules 0.3 micron in diameter which resemble starch granules. The reproduction occurs with binary fission and by formation of two endospores. Of thirteen biochemical components sought, four, i.e. glycogen, triacylglycerols, peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase, were not found. Starch, acid mucosubstances, DNA, RNA, lipids, proteins, adenosine triphosphatase and acid phosphatase were found in different patterns, depending on the developmental stage of the bacterium. In the vegetative cell stage all these components, with the exception of starch, were found. In the endospore-bearing cell stage, only the starch-like cell component granules could be detected. In free endospores only DNA, RNA and acid phosphatase were found. Some of the components, i.e. DNA, lipids, starch-like granules, were linked to certain cell substructures, the distribution of others, viz. polysaccharides, RNA, adenosine triphosphatase and proteins was diffuse. The lipids, found only in vegetative cells, were associated with the cell wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Molecular cloning of an echinococcal microtrichal antigen immunoreactive in Echinococcus multilocularis disease.

A cDNA expression library of the larval stage of the cestode worm Echinococcus multilocularis has been established in the phage lambda ZAPII system. By immunoscreening with pooled sera from patients with alveolar echinococcosis an immunoreactive clone, termed pEM13, was isolated. EM13 was expressed using the expression vector pGEX-3X, resulting in the synthesis of a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein. 82% of the sera from 28 patients suffering from E. multilocularis disease had antibodies against EM13, whereas none of the 55 sera obtained from Echinococcus granulosus-infected patients and none of the 15 sera from patients with other helminthic infections reacted with recombinant EM13. By use of a polyclonal rabbit anti-EM13 hyperimmune serum native EM13 protein could be detected only in the protoscolices of E. multilocularis, but not in E. granulosus larvae or hydatid fluid. Immunoelectron microscopy suggested that EM13 is located in the microtriches on the surface of the larvae. In contrast, EM13 mRNA could be detected by Northern blot analysis in both E. multilocularis and E. granulosus larval RNA preparations. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis of a cDNA clone coding for the corresponding antigen of E. granulosus larvae, termed EG13, revealed a 21-bp insertion, a 51-bp deletion and additional 22 nucleotide exchanges resulting in a 96.3% identity at the nucleotide sequence level and a 96.6% identity at the amino acid sequence level to the coding region of the cDNA pEM13. Cross-reactivity of the polyclonal anti-EM13 serum with the recombinant EG13 indicates a posttranscriptional regulation mechanism, resulting in an EG13 negative phenotype in E. granulosus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Eperythrozoonosis in sheep].

In 1990/91 eperythrozoonosis in the sheep was seen in our clinic for the first time. In 10 animals out of 4 flocks infection with Eperythrozoon ovis was diagnosed. Most of the animals showed a transient parasitaemia with a temporary anaemia. A chronic high grade parasitaemia and anaemia were produced in one sheep by splenectomy. This animal showed haemoglobinuria following a haemolytic attack. In a lamb a high grade chronic parasitaemia occurred spontaneously. The parasitaemia lasted for over 7 months, and the lamb eventually died.

Anemia↗