Association of HLA-DR53 and lack of association of DPB1 alleles with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in Japanese.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
F Iida
Publications and source records attributed to F Iida.
An epidemic outbreak of hepatitis E in Yangon of Myanmar: antibody assay and animal transmission of the virus.
An epidemic outbreak of hepatitis E occurred in an army recruit camp of Yangon, Myanmar, in October 1989. One hundred and eleven patients among 600 residents were hospitalized. As high as 83.7% of these patients were positive for the acute phase antibody against hepatitis E virus by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed in our laboratory. Also, 30.6% of 49 symptom-free residents examined were positive for the antibody. We prepared a stool extract from six patients and inoculated it into 10 rhesus monkeys for a series of three sub-passages. All of them developed acute biochemical hepatitis along with an elevation of antibody levels. A rechallenge with viruses of the present outbreak failed to provoke hepatitis in two monkeys that had previously recovered from acute hepatitis caused by an isolate of sporadic hepatitis E of the same area. Similarly, the rechallenge of the sporadic strain did not induce hepatitis in two monkeys that had been previously infected with the epidemic virus. These data suggested that the subjects would obtain neutralizing antibodies against the hepatitis E virus once infected, and many adult inhabitants of the endemic area had no protective antibodies and were still susceptible to hepatitis E infection.
Adult↗
Development of hypothyroidism with thyroid stimulation blocking antibody long after treatment with antithyroid drugs in a patient with hyperthyroid Graves' disease: a case report.
We observed a patient manifesting spontaneous hypothyroidism with thyroid stimulation blocking antibody (TSBAb) long after treatment with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) for hyperthyroid Graves' disease. A 19-year-old female with Graves' disease was treated with ATDs for approximately 2 years; after cessation of ATDs, hyperthyroidism did not recur. Nine years later, she was again seen in our hospital because of symptoms indicative of hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone replacement was commenced after laboratory confirmation of hypothyroidism. TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin and TSBAb were both positive, while thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) was negative, at the time of diagnosis of hypothyroidism. These results indicated that the alterations in thyroid function in this patient appeared to relate to the presumed decline in the activity of TSAb and the appearance of TSBAb years after ATDs administration had been discontinued.
Adult↗
[Lugol staining for esophageal carcinoma and influence of radiotherapy].
For evaluating the endoscopic staining of the esophageal carcinoma with lugol solution, 50 patients who underwent esophagectomy for carcinoma were subjected to this study. Among the 50 patients, 21 were radiated before surgery and 29 were not radiated. The findings of the lugol staining were compared between endoscopic staining and staining on removed specimens. Non-staining area demonstrated by endoscopic procedure almost agreed with that by the procedure on removed specimen in non-radiation group, but both areas of 28.6% cases disagreed in radiation group. On the second step, the extent of non-staining area demonstrated by the procedure of removed specimen was compared with histological extent of carcinoma. The non-staining area on the removed specimen was more extended than histological extent of carcinoma; 10.3% in the non-radiation group and 71.4% in the radiation group. As one of the causes of the large non-corresponding rate in the radiation group, radiation esophagitis was demonstrated. It can be finally concluded that the reliability of endoscopic lugol staining is reduced by preoperative irradiation.
Esophageal Neoplasms↗
[Benign tumors of the thyroid].
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Adenoma↗
Isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis without cardiac anomaly in an infant.
A patient with isolated pulmonary valve infective endocarditis without congenital heart disease was diagnosed at an early stage. Simple valvulectomy without replacement was successfully performed during the active stage of infection.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Comparative study between molecular hybridization and electron microscopy for the detection of hepatitis E virus.
The study describes a comparison between molecular hybridization using a non-radiolabeled, thymine-thymine (TT) dimerized synthetic oligonucleotide complementary DNA probe and electron microscopy for the detection of hepatitis E virus genome in bile. Spot hybridization with the TT dimerized probe was found to be more sensitive and specific compared to electron microscopy.
Animals↗
[A case of postpartum silent thyroiditis misapprehended as malignant lymphoma of the thyroid].
A case of postpartum silent thyroiditis misapprehended as malignant lymphoma of the thyroid is reported. The patient was a 30-year-old female who had received irradiation therapy to the neck for malignant lymphoma 9 years ago. She was referred to our department owing to a struma accompanying rapid aggravation of chronic thyroiditis after delivery. The mechanism of this case was possible to be explained by immune rebound theory. It was difficult to make differential diagnosis of this case from malignant lymphoma of the thyroid clinically and cytologically when immune rebound phenomena with invasion of lymphocyte and appearance of lymph follicle were the strongest. Immune state of the patients with chronic thyroiditis accompanied by morphological change should be taken into consideration in the process of making diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid.
Adult↗
Clinical evaluation of upper mediastinal dissection for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
BACKGROUND: An extensive upper mediastinal dissection in advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma is occasionally required. This investigation was undertaken to clarify the indications for mediastinal lymph node dissection and the route of upper mediastinal metastases. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, who underwent their first radical operations with mediastinal dissection through a partial midline sternotomy, were enrolled in this study. Of 21 patients, 10 (48%) were found to have mediastinal lymph node metastases. RESULTS: The tumor size in the group with metastatic disease was much bigger than that in the group without metastatic disease. Histologic type and age were similar between the two groups. The extent of cervical lymph node metastases was more significant in the group with metastatic disease; in particular, all 10 patients showed more than two metastatic nodes along the internal jugular vein of the tumor-free side. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that metastases to the internal jugular chain on the side contralateral to the primary tumor would be an extremely important factor for indication of extensive upper mediastinal lymph node dissection after median partial sternotomy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
Adolescent↗
Extended total gastrectomy for carcinoma of the cardia.
Eighty-five patients with gastric carcinoma developing at or involving the cardia were operated on under a newly established principle to prevent a cancer-positive proximal margin. The choice of operative procedure, standard total gastrectomy or extended total gastrectomy, was determined by the degree of proximal extension of carcinoma as confirmed by preoperative examinations. The cancer-positive rate was decreased in this manner to 1.2% from the 13.8% of the controls operated on before the principle was established. Extended total gastrectomy without sternotomy should be used more frequently than that with sternotomy because of the technical advantages. Survival rates of the 85 patients were 48.3% at three years and 30.4% at five years after the operation, and were not significantly different from the controls. As post-operative survival rate is influenced by factors other than transmural extension of the tumor, this study should prompt us to focus on the problem of the proximal surgical margin in surgery for carcinoma of the gastric cardia.
Cardia↗
Analysis of thyroid carcinoma based on material registered in Japan during 1977-1986 with special reference to predominance of papillary type.
BACKGROUND: As geographic differences have been observed in the characteristics of thyroid carcinoma, an analysis was made on thyroid carcinoma in the iodine rich country of Japan. METHODS: A total of 10,973 patients with histologically confirmed thyroid carcinoma registered in Japan from 1977-1986 were analyzed. Cases detected incidentally at autopsy and cases of nonepithelial tumor were excluded. This series included approximately 27% of all thyroid carcinoma cases in Japan. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Histologic distribution showed that papillary carcinoma accounted for 78.4% of cases, follicular carcinoma accounted for 17.2%, medullary carcinoma for 1.4%, squamous cell carcinoma for 0.3%, and anaplastic carcinoma for 2.7%. There is a tendency in Japan to diagnose papillary carcinoma as follicular carcinoma and to diagnose malignant lymphoma as anaplastic carcinoma. It was considered that the percentage of papillary carcinoma was higher and the percentage of follicular carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma was lower than foregoing values. The characteristics of thyroid carcinoma in Japan were described, and the low incidence of nonpapillary carcinoma compared with papillary carcinoma was discussed in relation to iodine excess as an etiologic factor.
Adolescent↗
Complete nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis E virus isolated from the Xinjiang epidemic (1986-1988) of China.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Adenomatous goitre: therapeutic strategy, postoperative outcome, and study of epidermal growth factor receptor.
A total of 377 patients with histologically proven adenomatous goitre was operated on, 34 as a second operation, and assessed for postoperative outcome (including the incidence of unsuspected malignancy) and immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor receptor. In primary surgery, enucleation of all the nodules was carried out. Patients requiring reoperation showed multicystic degenerate nodules involving one or both lobes. A coexistent cancer was observed in 18 patients (4.8 per cent). The immunohistochemically detected expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in adenomatous goitre was more evident in patients with multinodular lesions. Near-total lobectomy of the involved side(s) is desirable for the prevention of recurrence and complications after operation.
Adolescent↗
The antitumor activity and immunosuppressive effects of 5-fluorouracil suppositories in rectal cancer patients.
The antitumor activity and immunological effects of the local administration of 5FU were investigated by determining the tissue concentration of 5FU, histological appearance of the primary tumor, and lymphocyte subsets of the regional lymph nodes in 23 rectal cancer patients. Twelve patients were treated with 5FU suppositories preoperatively, being the 5FU group, while 11 patients were given no preoperative treatment, being the control group. The 5FU concentrations in the primary tumors were higher than those in the regional lymph nodes and appeared to remain high for an extended period. No histological changes peculiar to the 5FU group were observed in the primary tumors. An analysis of the lymphocyte subsets in the pararectal nodes revealed that Leu2a+15- cells, or cytotoxic T lymphocytes, were significantly decreased in numbers in the 5FU group compared to the control group. These results suggest that the local use of 5FU may not only exert an antitumor effect against rectal cancer, but can also cause the suppression of antitumor immunity in the regional lymph nodes.
Aged↗
Adjuvant radiotherapy after complete resection of thymoma.
Seventy patients were studied after undergoing complete resection of thymoma to determine the effect of postoperative adjuvant mediastinal radiotherapy on prognosis, with regard to clinical stage, histological type, and pleural factor. Pleural factor was defined as follows: p0, no adhesion to the mediastinal pleura; p1, fibrous adhesion to the mediastinal pleura without microscopic invasion; and p2, microscopic invasion of the mediastinal pleura. Recurrence of thymoma after complete resection was observed in 13 patients, 12 (92%) with pleural dissemination, 6 (46%) with local recurrence, and 2 (15%) with distant metastasis (types of recurrence are overlapping). In stage I and stage II p0 patients, no recurrence was observed, regardless of mediastinal radiotherapy. Whereas mediastinal irradiation completely prevented recurrence in stage II p1 patients, 4 (36.4%) nonirradiated stage II p1 patients experienced recurrence. In stage II p2 patients, 75% had pleural dissemination even after radiotherapy. A high incidence of recurrence was also observed in stage III, nonirradiated (25%) and irradiated (30%) patients. The results suggest that mediastinal irradiation for stage I and II p0 patients is not always necessary, and that therapy for stage II p1 is essential and also expected to decrease the recurrence rate. On the other hand, in stage II p2 and stage III thymomas, mediastinal irradiation is not sufficient to prevent pleural recurrence even after complete resection. Our classification based on pleural factor is useful for better selection of appropriate postoperative treatment for thymoma patients.
Adolescent↗
Hepatitis E virus: cDNA cloning and expression.
Viral hepatitis E is endemic, frequently provoking epidemic outbreaks in many developing countries. We have attempted to clone the viral genome and to develop an antibody assay system. A lambda gt11 cDNA library was constructed from the bile juice containing putative causative viruses and was immunoscreened by the antisera obtained from patients and monkeys infected with hepatitis E. Three virus-specific clones were isolated and were revealed to overlap one another in sequence, with 1,459 nucleotides in total length. These clones direct the synthesis of polypeptides probably having common immunological epitope(s). Immunoplaque assay revealed the occurrence of antibodies against this epitope in the sera from experimental monkeys with the convalescent phase and from patients of Myanmar, Nepal and India. The data indicate that the cDNA fragments are useful for immunodiagnosis of hepatitis E.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Sequence comparison of the capsid region of hepatitis E viruses isolated from Myanmar and China.
Hepatitis E viruses (HEVs) were isolated during epidemics, one from Myanmar (formerly called Burma) and one from China and were partially sequenced. Another HEV Myanmar strain from sporadic hepatitis was previously sequenced by us. A cDNA sequence comparison was performed among them in the 3'-terminal region, approximately 750-base long. This region contained at least two immunological epitopes and was considered to correspond to the structural protein. The nucleotide sequence identity was 97.2% between the two Myanmar strains and 93.3 and 92.5% between the two Myanmar and the China strain. The deduced amino acid sequence identity ranged from 98.4 to 100.0% among the three strains. Thus this segment was well conserved on the amino acid level among the different strains isolated from these two Asian countries, although the China strain diverged more from the Myanmar strains on the nucleotide sequence level. This data may provide important information for the development of a vaccine and for identification of the virological link between different geographical locations.
Amino Acid Sequence↗