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Biomedical subjects

F H DeLand

Publications and source records attributed to F H DeLand.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effects of dissolved oxygen on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate: concise communication.

Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) was prepared using stannous methylene diphosphonate (ligand) kits of similar formula from either of two manufacturers (A or B), and physiologic saline of either regular dissolved oxygen content (RDO, 6.7 mg O2/l) or low (LDO, 3.8 mg O2/l). A resulting Tc-99m MDP dose was administered to each of 70 patients for bone imaging. The A + RDO combination led to greater film density in the bone image than did the B + RDO (p less than 0.05). However, use of LDO saline to reconstitute B improved bone-image density to equal that from A + RDO. Overall image quality with A + RDO was judged to be superior to that with either B + RDO (p less than 0.05) or B + LDO (p less than 0.01) by an investigator unaware of the particular DO and ligand combination injected. However, neither bone delineation nor soft-tissue radioactivity on images was judged to be different among the four combinations (p greater than or equal to 0.05). There was also no difference in soft-tissue radioactivity among the four combinations as revealed by image densitometry. Under the conditions of this study, the major differences in clinical performance between products A and B were only minimally affected by the O2 content of the saline used for reconstitution.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1981

Utility of the provisional clinical diagnosis as a basis for selection of computed tomographic or radionuclide brain scan.

Based on provisional clinical diagnosis, the choice of computed cranial tomography (CCT) or radionuclide brain scan (RBS) was retrospectively evaluated. In 1,333 selected cases, 551 had CCT only, 560 had RBS only, and 222 had both. CCT was the clinician's preference in cases of dementia, hydrocephalus, hemorrhage, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), primary tumor, visual abnormality, coma, and multiple sclerosis. RBS was preferred in headache, syncope, seizure, transient ischemic attack (TIA), metastatic disease, and encephalitis. Neither procedure appeared preferable in cases of psychosis, psychiatric disease, cerebral vascular accident (CVA), and abscess. Thirty-eight percent of CCTs yielded abnormal findings, not necessarily correlated with the provisional diagnosis. Thirty percent of RBS showed positive findings, mostly related to vascular abnormalities. On the basis of the provisional clinical diagnosis, CCT was more frequently requested for probable structural changes and RBS for probable perfusion abnormalities.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Clinical radioimmunodetection of cancer with radioactive antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin.

Injection of iodine-131-labeled goat immunoglobulin G antibody to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into patients with hCG-secreting trophoblastic and germinal tumors permitted tumor detection and location by external gamma-ray scintigraphy. Excision of one of the metastatic tumors located by this method indicated a tumor/nontumor ration of 39.29. The method appears to offer a new clinical tool for precisely locating hCG-producing tumors in the body, even when tumor identification by other clinical methods has failed.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1980

Rate and pattern of gastric emptying in humans using 99mTc-labeled triethylenetetraamine-polystyrene resin.

The preparation and application of a new radiopharmaceutical used in the investigation of the rate and pattern of gastric emptying by external scintigraphy are described. Triethylenetetraamine was bound covalently to cross-linked chloromethylated polystyrene. The triethylenetetraamine-polystyrene resin tenaciously and rapidly bound technetium 99m. The gastric emptying rate was evaluated in normal adult volunteers and patients by serially recording the gastric radioactivity after ingestion of a test meal mixed with 99mTc-labeled triethylenetetraamine-polystyrene resin. The data indicated that 99mTc-labeled triethylenetetraamine-polystyrene resin was an ideal agent for assessing the rate and pattern of gastric emptying in humans. The gastric emptying half-time (t 1/2 GE) in normal subjects ranged from 25 to 75 min.

Ethylenediamines↗
PubMed1980

Accumulation of Tx-99m phosphonate complexes in metastatic lesions from colon and lung carcinomas.

Cases are presented in which Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate accumulated in a lung metastasis from well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon, and in a hepatic metastasis from oat cell carcinoma of the lung. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Tc-99m phosphonate complexes concentrated in a pulmonary metastasis of colonic caecinoma or in a hepatic metastasis of oat cell lung carcinoma. The exact mechanism for this non-osseous uptake of bone scanning agents is still unknown.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

99mTc-hydroxymethane diphosphonate: a new bone imaging agent with a low tin content.

A prospective double-blind comparison of 99mTc-hydroxymethane diphosphonate (HMDP) and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) as bone-seeking agents was performed with 102 patients. Densitometry showed that both cancellous/compact bone and cancellous bone/soft-tissue ratios were greater with HMDP (p less than 0.05); compact bone/soft-tissue and bone lesion/normal bone ratios were the same with both agents. Bone delineation, soft-tissue uptake, and overall image quality were the same with both agents. The HMDP formulation contained 78% fewer stannous ions and had a longer useful life after technetium labeling than MDP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Radioimmunodetection of cancer with radiolabeled antibodies to alpha-fetoprotein.

Sixteen patients with histologically proven malignant neoplasia were investigated by radioimmunodetection, using goat anti-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) antibody radiolabeled with 131I. Images of the chest and abdomen were made with a scintillation camera, usually at 24 and 48 hr following injection of 1 to 2.5 mCi of radioiodinated antibody. Computer-assisted processing for the subtraction of 99mTc background radioactivity was used to enhance the detection and localization of tumors visualized by immune scintigraphy. All 12 sites involved by five AFP-producing tumors could be demonstrated by radioimmunodetection, while normal goat immunoglobulin G labeled with 131I failed to show similar results in one of the patients in whom the radioactive AFP antibody achieved tumor radiolocalization. Five patients in whom the tumors were not expected to produce AFP also had their large tumors demonstrated by immune scintigraphy in 6 of 16 tumor sites. The average tumor to non-tumor 131I image count density ratios were 3.20 and 1.96 for the AFP-containing and putatively AFP-deficient tumors, respectively. The image contrast was significantly greater for the AFP-containing tumors, and the subtraction technique enhanced the image contrast more than 2-fold. Based upon these initial results, the sensitivity of the method (true-positive rate) was 100%, its specificity (true-negative rate) was 80%, and the accuracy of the technique was 85%. This study thus indicates that radioimmunodetection of cancer with radioactive AFP antibodies can be useful in the evaluation of patients with AFP-containing neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Differential accumulation of Tc-99m DTPA and Tc-99m pyrophosphate within cerebral and cranial lesions: concise communication.

We sought to determine the clinical utility of using a bone-scanning agent in addition to a brain-scanning agent for the imaging of cerebral and cranial lesions. Images were obtained in 51 patients with Tc-99m diethylene-triamine-pentacetic-acid (DTPA) followed by Tc-99m pyrophosphate (PPi) within 2--5 days. The scans were qualitatively analyzed and the lesion-to-background count density ratios were determined from the corresponding brain and skull images. Only four of 20 cerebral infarctions were better demonstrated with PPi, whereas they were better with DTPA in 14 patients. They were equally good in two patients. The average lesion-to-background count-density ratio for infarction was 1.555 +/- 0.335 with DTPA and 1.428 +/- 0.573 with PPi (p < 0.05). Primary brain tumors were better visualized with DTPA in four out of five cases (p < 0.05). Metastases to brain showed up better with DTPA in 15 of 16 patients (p < 0.05), whereas all ten metastases to skull were seen better with PPi (p < 0.01). These results support previous reports regarding the radiopharmaceutical of choice for tumor imaging but not for infarction. This may be due to the differences in blood clearance for the various imaging agents.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Circulating immune complexes in cancer patients receiving goat radiolocalizing antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen.

The circulating radioactivity and antibody immunoreactivity in patients with diverse cancers who had received 131I-labeled goat antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were studied by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and with solid-phase (SP) immunoadsorbents containing anti-goat immunoglobulin G(IgG), anti-human IgG, anti-CEA, or CEA. Upon gel filtration, more than 80% of the plasma radioactivity was distributed between native IgG and an excluded macromolecular radioactive fraction (Pool I). The native IgG and Pool I radioactive peaks were immunoreactive with the SP anti-goat IgG and SP CEA to the same extent as was the radioantibody prior to injection. The circulating CEA in patients with elevated titers only partially bound the injected radioantibody since less than 50% of the latter chromatographed as Pool I. Up to 50% of the Pool I radioantibody from this group of patients was bound to the SP anti-CEA, whereas it was minimally reactive with the SP anti-human IgG. The clearance of radioantibody was similar between groups having different amounts of Pool I radioantibody, and injection of CEA radioantibody was not accompanied by a decrease in circulating antigen. Patients with lower CEA titers had the majority of the plasma radioactivity chromatographing as Pool I radioantibody which showed elevated binding to the SP anti-human IgG but not the SP anti-CEA. Tumor localization by photoscanning was observed in seven of eight and nine of nine patients who had circulating CEA-radioantibody and anti-immunoglobulin-radioantibody complexes, respectively. Thus, these studies demonstrate that CEA, as well as human antibody reactive with goat IgG, can form immune complexes in patients given injections of CEA radiolocalizing antibody. However, these complexes do not appear to prevent tumor radioimmunodetection.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Improved protein labeling by stannous tartrate reduction of pertechnetate.

A procedure has been developed whereby small amounts of protein--specifically human serum albumin and immunoglobulin G--can be labeled with Tc-99m. Artifactual problems associated with electrolytic and stannous chloride labeling procedures are virtually eliminated. The procedure is satisfactory for labeling human serum albumin, normal goat immunoglobulin G, and goat anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunoglobulin G.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1980

Lymphoscintigraphy with radionuclide-labeled antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen.

Upper- and lower-extremity lymphoscintigraphy was performed on 50 patients with proven carcinoma of the breast, gastrointestinal system, genitourinary tract, lung, and vulva; 42 patients had 131I-antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and 8 patients had 131I-normal goat immunoglobulin G. All metastases in the axillary or inguinal lymph nodes were detected with the CEA antibodies. In nine patients without metastases, radioactivity was observed in inguinal or axillary nodes. It is postulated that the nodal sequestration of antibody in the absence of metastatic carcinoma is due to captured CEA in lymph nodes draining the tumor site. This study has demonstrated the high sensitivity for detecting nodal metastases by labeled antibodies to CEA draining from primary or recurrent tumors.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1980

Radiolabeling of affinity-purified goat anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunoglobulin G with technetium-99m.

Affinity-purified goat anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunoglobulin G was labeled with 99mTc, utilizing stannous tartrate as the reducing agent. The radiochemical yield of labeled antibody ranged from 18 to 37% and was inversely proportional to the initial quantity of pertechnetate ion used. Yields up to 60% could be obtained using small amounts of pertechnetate. The 99mTc-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immunoglobulin G preparations had a specific activity range of 1 to 6 microCi/microgram protein and had 60% or greater immunoreactivity. Human serum albumin and goat immunoglobulin G were used as model systems to evaluate labeling parameters and analytical methods.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1980

Imaging approach in radioimmunodetection.

External in vivo imaging of tumors with radioactively labeled antibodies to tumor-associated antigens requires processing to remove interfering nontarget radioactivity. Processing entails the use of simulated nontarget compounds labeled with a radionuclide physically different from that on the antibody and substraction of the simulated nontarget activity from the nontargeted antibody. A 2-fold increase of the target to nontarget radioactivity is achieved that has made possible a greater than 70% tumor detection rate.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1980

Biologic gastric emptying time in diabetic patients, using Tc-99m-labeled resin-oatmeal with and without metoclopramide.

Biologic gastric emptying time (BGET) was measured in 24 patients with severe diabetes mellitus complicated by vascular damage and peripheral or sensory neuropathy. This population had a BGET of 192 +/- 32.9 min (mean +/- s.e.m. normal 40-85 min). Patients with diabetic gastroenteropathy had prolongation of BGET to 295 +/- 45 (p < 0.05). Metoclopramide significantly shortened BGET in this subgroup to 101 +/- 40 min, with return to normal values in eight of the 12 patients given the drug. The Tc-99m-labeled resin-oatmeal test meal used as described in this study provides a reliable measure of BGET and of the response to metoclopramide.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Radioimmunodetection of primary and metastatic ovarian cancer using radiolabeled antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen.

131I-labeled goat immunoglobulin G (IgG) prepared against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was administered at an average dose of 1.0 mCi (180 to 250 microgram IgG protein) to patients with ovarian tumors in order to evaluate this method of tumor detection and localization, termed the radioimmunodetection of cancer. All primary cancers in 13 patients could be localized, whereas the metastases in six of nine cases could be imaged by external scintigraphy. However, only two of these cases showed metastatic spread by more conventional diagnostic techniques, including computer-assisted tomography, ultrasonography, and angiography. Successful tumor radiolocalization appeared to depend on tumor size, with lesions smaller than 2 cm in diameter not being detected. Tumors containing a CEA concentration above 115 ng/g, including a benign neoplasm, could be localized with radioactive anti-CEA antibodies. Administration of radioiodinated normal goat IgG to four patients with malignant or benign ovarian tumors failed to show tumor radioimmunodetection. One of these cases subsequently demonstrated a 4- x 4-cm tumor after receiving specific radiolabeled anti-CEA IgG. This study shows that ovarian neoplasms containing CEA can be detected and localized by external photoscanning after the application of radioiodinated antibodies to CEA and that, in this small series of patients, primary and secondary tumors could be detected in 100 and 67% of the cases, respectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Sensitivity of radionuclide brain scan and computed tomography in early detection of viral meningoencephalitis.

The sensitivity of radionuclide imaging and computed tomography (CT) was evaluated in 25 patients for early detection of viral meningoencephalitis. Diagnosis was based on clinical evidence, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies, electroencephalography (EEG) and radionuclide imaging. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement was performed within four days after onset of neurological signs or symptoms in 23 patients; no significant findings such as low-absorption abnormalities, mass effect or abnormal enhancement were seen. Radionuclide imaging demonstrated a sensitivity of 90% in the detection of viral meningoencephalitis; the temporal lobe was most commonly involved in patients with herpes encephalitis. Radionuclide imaging should be considered as the first diagnostic procedure in suspected early viral meningoencephalitis.

Adolescent↗