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Biomedical subjects

F Guillemin

Publications and source records attributed to F Guillemin.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Comparative study of research methods to assess water pollution of the fecal origin in the rural Sudan-Western Sahara environment].

In the assessment of the bacteriological quality of water from 1,500 drills World has not in Burkina-Faso, three methods have been analyzed comparatively. The first, relying upon bacterial production of H2S as indicator of faecal pollution and proposed by Indian workers, has been found unreliable for determining water potability. The second, based upon the nitrate content of water, is unable to reveal water contamination by human and animal excreta. The third method, employing a membrane filtration, is to be commended since it is well adapted to the Sahelian conditions. Simple, reliable, of low cost, this method is providing the quality assurance of water potability, a requirement which must accompany the drilling programs.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Rabies virus pathogenicity and challenge. Influence of the method of preparation, the route of inoculation, and the species. Comparison of the characteristics of the modified, fixed and wild strains.

The challenge we carried out, which regularly brought about the death of the control animals, led us to study the different factors influencing the pathogenicity of the rabies virus. So, the method of preparation is important. The strain NYC, prepared from the salivary glands is extremely pathogenic for dogs; however, when it is prepared from mouse brains after nine passages have been made, it proves to be already partially modified. One then notices a death-rate which is less severe, even when larger quantities of virus are employed, and also the presence of some aberrant phenomena. (The survival of some of the infected animals and the nature of their inapparent forms of infection were confirmed by serology.) The significance of the route of inoculation in the different species of animals was studied. The injection in the crotaphytes was reserved for dogs, the cervical muscles for cats and the masseters for sheep. Paradoxically, cats prove to be most resistant to the challenge under our conditions. Finally the numerical data, allowing us to compare the different strains, modified, fixed or wild, was established. The data was based on the incubation period and on the differences between the titres obtained via intramuscular routes and intracerebral routes in the mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: study on the experimentally induced disease and its prevention using an inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine.

Experimentally induced IBR was studied in calves. Intranasal challenge enabled reproducible results to be obtained, both from qualitative (clinical aspect) and quantitative points of view (virus excretion, temperature); local and general immunity were also evaluated. This challenge method is useful when studying IBR vaccines. The disease was also experimentally induced by putting healthy animals into contact with diffusor calves. A single injection of inactivated vaccine in oily adjuvant already conferred good protection; it was 100% successful against the experimentally induced disease when administered two times at a 7 or 14 day interval. Immunity obtained was long-lasting and even persisted up to one year. Therefore, this vaccine is advised for vaccination in both contaminated and high risk areas. Results obtained for both safety and potency suggest that this killed vaccine should be used rather than live vaccines.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

[Generalized adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder: ultrasonographic appearance in one case (author's transl)].

Ultrasonographic images were correlated with radiological and pathological findings in a case of generalized adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the methods employed for filling the biliary tracts with opaque medium, to confirm a suspected diagnosis suggested by the heterogeneous irregular thickening, with a fringed internal limit, of the gallbladder wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Experimental rabies in cats: immune response and persistence of immunity.

Experimental rabies was studied in cats under defined conditions. A correlation between the virus dosage and the incubation period was established and results were compared with those published previously by others. the susceptibility of cats to rabies virus appears to be paradoxical. The persistence of the immunity induced by an inactivated rabies vaccine prepared form cell culture-propagated virus used in combination with feline panleukopenia vaccine, with or without adjuvant, was studied through severe virulent virus challenge. Complete protection was observed after more than 3 years following a single vaccination. A proposed vaccination schedule is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Toxic megacolon and its surgical treatment. Results in 21 cases (author's transl)].

The authors present their experience of the toxic colonic dilatation after 21 cases. The frequency of this serious syndrom seems to be in augmentation, and is not any more exclusive of the ulcerative colitis. Actually, pathogeny is not yet known. Diagnosis is established by the standard abdominal X Ray. A continuous clinical, radiological and biological survey is essential, in order to avoid perforation, that is the main complication of the toxic dilatation. The surgical treatment becomes imperative as soon as the failure of the limited medical management is recognized. In this series, total colectomy with or without ileo-rectal anastomosis has been considered as the best surgical operation. Ileo-rectal anastomosis would be possibly protected by a temporary ilestomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Crohn's disease. The indications for surgical treatment (author's transl)].

On the basis of immediate and long term results obtained by surgery in a consecutive series of 46 patients with Crohn's disease (1968-1978), the authors establish the salutory efficiency of a therapy which is often too delayed. Some of the patients could have advantage of an earlier resection complications occur. Thus the rate of mortality and morbidity could be lowered. This principle may become of great interest in opposite to the feebleness of the actual medical treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Rare posterior mediastinal tumors in children (author's transl)].

When there is a posterior mediastinal mass on a chest X-RAY, a neurogenic tumor is usually evocated. However the occurrence of several other tumors is possible and they should be looked for preoperatively. The literature on the subject is very scarce. We report three cases of uncommon posterior mediastinal tumor. A bronchogenic cyst located between the trachea and the esophagus is described in a two months old girl. The diagnosis is made by tracheoscopy and esophagal contrast study. The anatomic situation explains why even a small tumor induces severe respiratory troubles and requires urgent treatment. An esophageal cyst is described in a 13 year old boy--the mediastinal mass is found incidentally on a routine chest X-RAY because of the risk of complications, the resection of this cyst is required and usually easy when they are intramural. A mediastinal pheochromocytoma is described in a five years old girl. The tumor is discovered during the investigation of a hypertensive syndrome. This location is very uncommon and may be unique or associated with more usual locations. The resection is delicate because of the situation of the tumor in the upper mediastinum. The preoperative angiogram is very helpful in deciding the operative approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spheroids in radiobiology and photodynamic therapy.

Spheroids are tridimensional aggregates of tumor cells coming from one or several cell clones. This model, which mimics the micro-tumors structure and some of their properties, shows oxygen, pH and nutrient gradients inducing a necrotic area in the center of the spheroid. Analysis of spheroids, cultured under static or stirred conditions, can be performed on whole spheroids or dissociated spheroids. The spheroids sensitivity to ionizing radiation and photodynamic therapy can be altered by oxygen status, damage repair, intercellular commmunications and apoptosis induction, as in experimental tumor models. In radiobiology, the similarity of radiation response between spheroids and tumor xenograft bearing mice makes the spheroids to be a good alternative model to in vivo irradiation studies. In photodynamic therapy, spheroids lead to a better understanding of the own tumor response without interactions with vascular system. Finally, despite the quality of spheroid model, only the use of new technology for analysis of spheroid populations will help to increase their experimental use, particularly in preclinical oncology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Low-dose postoperative vaginal brachytherapy of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium].

PURPOSE: Surgery is the primary treatment for endometrial carcinoma. Methods of complementary treatment are still debated, with the potential association of external radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy before or after surgery. This study was aimed at evaluating local control and complications rates in a series of patients treated by hysterectomy followed by postoperative vaginal low-dose rate brachytherapy (BT) combined with pelvic irradiation in case of poor prognosis factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1978 to 1993, 101 patients were treated at the Centre Alexis-Vautrin, France according to this scheme. Forty five had deep myometrial invasion, and thirteen cervical involvement. Fifty patients received pelvic irradiation (median dose 46 Gy) combined with BT (dose 14 Gy, median volume 127 cm3); 51 patients had BT alone (dose 60 Gy, median volume 71 cm3). RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate was 83% and the local control rate 97% with a median follow-up of 7 years. Multivariate analysis showed two factors of bad prognosis, i.e., deep myometrial invasion and cervical involvement. Three severe complications occurred in two patients for whom the treated volume was larger than the theoretical target volume. Eleven patients developed metastases. CONCLUSION: Results obtained from this series are comparable with those of previous studies, particularly in regard to pre-operative BT. The complication rate is also satisfactory and depends on the irradiation precision and the definition of the target volume.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the quality of life in dementia with a generic quality of life questionnaire: the Duke Health Profile.

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to determine the acceptability, feasibility and validity of measuring quality of life in a representative sample of dementia patients with a generic instrument, the Duke Health Profile. METHOD: The French version of the Duke Health Profile was administered to 148 subjects with a mental disorder according to the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. The feasibility and acceptability of employing the instrument were determined by the refusal rate, the type of administration, and the percentage and distribution of missing data. Reliability was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Instrument reproducibility was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest values. Internal construct validity was determined by factor analysis. Discriminant capacity was determined by comparing the average scores on each measure among patients with and without an additional chronic pathology. The measurements obtained were compared by source of information (patient, family proxy and care provider proxy). RESULTS: The feasibility and acceptability of the instrument was good. Only 2% of the patients refused to complete the questionnaire. Help from the interviewer was necessary in 79% of the cases. The average completion time was 10.6 min. Missing data exist in only 3.5% of the cases on average, except among patients with severe dementia (Mini Mental State Examination <10). For reliability, internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's coefficient alpha = 0.5--0.7) when the self-esteem (0.23) and social health (0.26) concepts were eliminated. Reproducibility as measured by test-retest scores was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficient r = 0.53--0.80), except for anxiety (0.48) and perceived health (0.45). Severity of dementia mainly affected the feasibility, acceptability and reproducibility of the instrument. The family proxy seemed to agree more with the patient than did the care provider proxy. CONCLUSION: Quality of life can be measured in patients with dementia, but special tools need to be developed for severe dementia.

Aged↗