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Biomedical subjects

F Guillemin

Publications and source records attributed to F Guillemin.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Pre-operative, post-operative and exclusive irradiation of endometrial adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE: Surgery is the golden standard of treatment of endometrial carcinoma. The risk of central or vaginal recurrences justifies adjuvant treatment. METHODS: Brachytherapy for endometrial adenocarcinoma is given commonly as pre- or post-operative treatment. In case of medical contra-indications for surgery brachytherapy can be applied as the only treatment. Experience of the anticancer center Alexis Vautrin in Nancy of the years 1975 to 1988 is evaluated. Iridium-192 low-dose-rate (LDR) wires were used. RESULTS: Pre-operative brachytherapy was given with a vaginal mould applicator to 580 patients. The dose was 50 Gy at 0.5 cm below the surface of the vagina. The locoregional control rate was 93% after 5 years and the 5-year survival 82%. 139 patients received radiotherapy alone and no surgery. LDR-brachytherapy was given the upper third of the vagina and endometrium with an "umbrella" applicator. The locoregional control rate was 83% after 5 years and the survival rate 55%. 117 patients received a post-operative brachytherapy of the vagina. The locoregional control rate was 93% after 10 years and the survival rate 65%. CONCLUSION: A pre- and post-operative radiotherapy results in a reduction of the vaginal relapse rate. The LDR afterloading technique with primary radiotherapy of endometrial adenocarcinoma leads to a locoregional control slightly interior. The treatment results compare favourably with the best of the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Simplified chronomodulated continuous infusion of floxuridine in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Numerous preclinical and clinical trials showed that circadian-modified 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (floxuridine; FUdR) infusion administered with a totally implantable programmable pump is associated with lower toxicity, higher dose intensity, and improved therapeutic outcome in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS: Between July 1988 and March 1991, the authors treated 30 patients with metastatic RCC with circadian-timed infusion FUdR at 0.15 mg/kg/day x 14 days at monthly intervals with a programmable portable pump. Time modification was simplified with one-third of the daily dose given between 11 p.m. and 11 a.m. and two-thirds given between 11 a.m. and 11 p.m. The characteristics of the patients were as follows: 19 men; 11 women; median age, 60 years (range, 28-82 years); median World Health Organization (WHO) performance status: 2 (range: 0-3); 77% failed prior systemic treatment. The main sites of tumor involvement were lungs (70%) and bone (53%). RESULTS: One hundred twenty-eight cycles were completed (median, 3 cycles per patient; range: 1-18 cycles per patient). Toxicity developed in 10 (33%) patients, primarily Grade 1-2 nausea/vomiting (6 patients), Grade 3 diarrhea (3 patients), and Grade 2 hand-foot syndrome (1 patient). In 28 patients evaluable for response, the authors observed four partial responses (14%; 95% confidence interval, 4-33%) and five stabilizations of the disease, including three minor responses. The median duration of response was 12 months (range, 8-24 months), and the median survival time was 6 months. CONCLUSION: Circadian continuous infusion FUdR may be an effective outpatient treatment for metastatic RCC, with low toxicity and good quality of life in responding patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cancer in systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the frequency of cancer is increased among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 248 patients who were followed up prospectively was conducted. RESULTS: Cancers developed in 18 patients (7.3%) during 2,001 patient-years at risk. The most frequent types were cancers of the lung (7 patients) and breast (5 patients). Older age at diagnosis of SSc was a significant risk factor for cancer. Lung cancer was associated with the presence of pulmonary fibrosis. The age-standardized incidence rate for all cancers (7.9/1,000) was 2.1 times the overall rate in the Ontario population (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The frequency of cancer is increased in patients with SSc.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines.

Clinicians and researchers without a suitable health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measure in their own language have two choices: (1) to develop a new measure, or (2) to modify a measure previously validated in another language, known as a cross-cultural adaptation process. We propose a set of standardized guidelines for this process based on previous research in psychology and sociology and on published methodological frameworks. These guidelines include recommendations for obtaining semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence in translation by using back-translation techniques and committee review, pre-testing techniques and re-examining the weight of scores. We applied these guidelines to 17 cross-cultural adaptation of HRQOL measures identified through a comprehensive literature review. The reporting standards varied across studies but agreement between raters in their ratings of the studies was substantial to almost perfect (weighted kappa = 0.66-0.93) suggesting that the guidelines are easy to apply. Further research is necessary in order to delineate essential versus optional steps in the adaptation process.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1992

MTT assays allow quick and reliable measurement of the response of human tumour cells to photodynamic therapy.

MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines were selected as a reliable model to examine the possible parameters affecting the sensitivity of tumour cells to photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a dye-laser at 630 nm. The chemical composition of haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and was in agreement with reported values. MTT assays were performed to assess the time-dependency of PDT and the influence of the output power and light fluence. The results showed a maximal cytotoxicity 48 h after photoirradiation. The output power (1 or 2 W) did not significantly affect the cytotoxicity when the fluence was constant (20 J/cm2). However, an increase in fluence (10-40 J/cm2) led to a significant enhancement of cytotoxicity until maximal values were reached (30-40 J/cm2). A further increase in fluence (50 J/cm2) proved to induce a fall-off in cytotoxicity related to the intense photobleaching of HPD.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Photodynamic therapy of bronchogenic cancer].

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) means the activation by light of an exogenous photosensitizer previously retained by tumors. This therapeutic method is under current investigation for lung cancer. A review of the literature presents the preliminary results bearing upon more than 200 epidermoid bronchus carcinomas. A complete response rate of 75% can be anticipated for early tumors. Several survivals beyond five years, due to PDT alone, have already been reported. Two phase III trials are opened, comparing PDT vs YAG laser for obstructing tumors and PDT+Radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone for non-operable small tumors. PDT should be developed in selected indications of lung cancer, because it is an original and interesting therapeutic solution.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1992

Functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis: two different models in early and established disease.

A hypothesis that the development of functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) would be more rapid at the beginning than in established disease was studied in a group of 82 patients with RA referred to the Rheumatology Unit of Nancy, France. The relationship between disease activity, articular destruction and functional disability indicated a significant interaction (moderating effect) of disease duration. Two different models are proposed to explain functional disability. A model for early RA (less than 5 years duration) includes biological activity, and a model for established disease (more than 5 years) includes disease duration, extraarticular lesions and radiographic damage. These models could be useful in designs of therapeutic trials.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

Efficacy studies on a canarypox-rabies recombinant virus.

Recombinant avipox viruses have been developed expressing the rabies glycoprotein gene. A fowlpox-rabies recombinant has previously been shown to be protective against live rabies virus challenge in a number of non-avian species. This report describes the development of a canarypox-rabies recombinant. A comparison is made of the protective efficacy of this recombinant with other pox-rabies recombinants.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Young people and cancers. Knowledges, behaviors and attitudes of young people aged from 16 to 25 years with regard to cancers].

Knowledge, behavior and attitudes towards cancer were studied by submitting a questionnaire to 247 adolescents and young adults aged 16-24 yr who attended the Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Centre of Preventive Medicine. Results of this enquiry showed that these young people were aware of the significant mortality rate by cancer but that they had a poor knowledge of risk factors, early symptoms and screening methods. For 70.4 percent of subjects, cancer was a source of concern and the majority expected society or doctors to provide them with information. The role of the medical practitioner in this health education is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Mixed mullerian tumours of the endometrium. Retrospective study, with prognostic aims, comparing their evolution to that of adenocarcinomas of the endometrium].

Mixed Mullerian Tumours (MMT) of the endometrium have a bad reputation as far as prognosis is concerned. We have studied 34 cases of MMT treated between 1976 and 1988 and have compared their outcome with a matched series of 68 cases of adenocarcinoma (ADC). These were taken out of 880 cases of ADC treated during this period of time after matching them for the stage, the type of treatment, the year of treatment and the age of the patient. The curves of survival and the totals of survival were determined using Kaplan-Meier's method and also compared using Logrank's test. The 5-years overall survival was 18% for MMT as against 55% for ADC (p less than 0.001). The difference was equally significant statistically in terms of specific survival without recurrences. The 16 patients in stages I and II who were treated with the same protocol as used for ADC were matched against 32 cases of ADC taken out of the 680 cases ADC in stages I and II and treated by the same protocol (84%). After five years MMT had a higher number of survivors (35% overall, 45% with specific survival and 35% without recurrences), but the difference with survival of ADC was as significant (respectively 75, 85, 85%). Recurrences of MMT were frequent (62%), with metastases in 9 out of 10 and early (50%), in every respect opposed with recurrences of ADC (16%) which were in three out of five cases localized and late (after 10 months). These figures make one have to think of modifying the way MMT is treated. External pelvic radiotherapy should be carried out before any other treatment. The place for other methods of therapy is to be discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[The early diagnosis of cancer of the breast remains insufficient. A study of breast monitoring in women over 50 years of age in Lorraine-Champagne].

Although breast cancer in women over 50 years of age can be detected by physical examination and mammography, in our region many women of that age do not benefit from a satisfactory breast surveillance: 52.4% of women who had a general check-up between February and May 1989 have their breast examined by a physician once a year or more often; only 30% had a mammography less than three years ago; 34.2% examine themselves at least once a month. Overall, only one out of four women aged over 50 is under satisfactory breast surveillance; this small group of women is characterized by a personal history of breast disease or a family history of breast cancer. Women aged between 50 and 59 years tend to have more regular breast examination than older women. Social or geographical particularities do not seem to provide a significant explanation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Measurement of the functional capacity in rheumatoid polyarthritis: a French adaptation of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)].

The ability in performing daily life activities, as assessed with self-administered questionnaire, measures the functional severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The HAQ Disability Index, designed to explore RA, was translated by 3 francophone teams. Three anglophones gave a back-translation. The latters were compared with the original HAQ under the control of 2 bilingual individuals, allowing to the adjustment of the French version. The validity of this measurement tool was studied in a group of recent RA (n = 40, mean disease duration: 2.4 years), longstanding RA (n = 32, mean disease duration: 8.4 years) and controls (n = 59). The construct validity was assessed in a principal component analysis, which showed the contribution of each item of the questionnaire. The intra-subject reproducibility was satisfactory. The HAQ score correlated well with usual clinical and radiological parameters. It differed significantly in the groups, showing a high discriminant ability. A validated instrument for measuring functional ability in French RA patients is now available for the follow-up and therapeutic assessment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

[Preliminary study of the antimicrobial activity of traditional plants against E. coli].

The microbiological quality of drinking water is a major public health priority in developing countries. As an alternative proposal to chemical treatment of water, we have studied the antibacterial effectiveness against E. coli of plants traditionally used for antisepsis. Traditional plants were freshly sampled from Burkina Faso and Vietnam. Two of them, Tamarinier and Derris elliptica respectively, were selected for the study. Various part of the plants, i.e. seeds, cloves and fruits were prepared in both decoction and maceration. Their antibacterial activity was assessed using standardized preparations of E. coli (Pasteur 792) in water (10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) germs/ml). Some preparations of Tamarinier showed encouraging results, whereas Derris elliptica was uneffective. Solutions of Tamarinier seeds produced a 4.5 log decrease of the germ concentration in standardized 10(7) germs/ml preparation. Decoction and maceration are still effective 24 h after a 10(4) bacteria/ml overloading. On the other hand, acid pH of clove and fruit solutions explains the slight effectiveness (1 log UFC/g of dry extract/48 h) of these solutions. Though the results are not meeting with the AFNOR requirements for disinfection, this preliminary study demonstrates a bacteriostatic effect of traditional plants against E. coli in water. Further study is needed to valid this property in the field.

Burkina Faso↗