A new approach to massive abdominal tumors using immediate abdominal wall reconstruction.
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Abdominal Muscles↗
Biomedical subjects
F Gonzalez
Publications and source records attributed to F Gonzalez.
[Enalapril in essential arterial hypertension].
The hypotensive effect of enalapril, a converting enzyme inhibitor, given as a single agent once daily, was evaluated prospectively over a 16 week period in 20 subjects. One patient abandoned therapy and 2 were withdrawn (increased creatinine levels in one and the need for associated therapy in the other). Side effects developed in 3 patients: creatinine elevation, skin rush and a "salty taste", respectively. A significant decrease in blood pressure (p less than 0.01) attaining normal levels in 6 out of 17 patients was observed. Normal blood pressure levels were not reached in severe hypertension; the association of hydrochlorothyazide was effective in 5 of 11 such subjects. Thus, enalapril may be safely used as a first stage single therapy in mild or moderate hypertension.
Adult↗
Stereoscopic mechanisms in monkey visual cortex: binocular correlation and disparity selectivity.
The neural signals in visual cortex associated with positional disparity and contrast texture correlation of binocular images are the subject of this study. We have analyzed the effects of stereoscopically presented luminous bars and of dynamic random-dot patterns on the activity of single neurons in cortical visual areas V1, V2, and V3-V3A of the alert, visually trained rhesus macaque. The interpretation of the results and considerations of possible neural mechanisms led us to recognize 2 functional sets of stereoscopic neurons. (1) A set of neurons, tuned excitatory (T0) or tuned inhibitory (TI), which respond sharply to images of zero or near-zero disparity. Objects at or about the horopter drive the T0 neurons and suppress the TI, while objects nearer and farther have the opposite effects on each type, inhibition of the T0 and excitation of the TI. The activity of these neurons may provide, in a reciprocal way, the definition of the plane of fixation, and the basic reference for binocular single vision and depth discrimination. (2) A second set of neurons includes tuned excitatory at larger crossed or uncrossed disparities (TN/TF) and neurons with reciprocal excitatory and inhibitory disparity sensitivity with cross-over at the horopter (NE/FA). Binocularly uncorrelated image contrast drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation or suppression as a function of positional disparity. These neurons may operate in the neural processing leading to stereopsis, both coarse and fine, and also provide signals for the system controlling binocular vergence. These results indicate that cortical visual neurons are binocularly linked to respond to the relative position and contrast of the images over their receptive fields, and also that both these aspects of binocular stimulation may be utilized by the brain as a source of stereoscopic information.
Animals↗
Gastritis and Campylobacter pylori in healthy, asymptomatic volunteers.
A high prevalence of histologic gastritis in asymptomatic individuals has been reported in the literature. The studies have been poorly controlled for gastritis risk factors. We evaluated 20 healthy, asymptomatic volunteers free of known risk factors for gastritis with endoscopy, mucosal biopsy, culture, and gastric pH determination. The prevalence of gastritis on histologic examination was found to be 20%. There was no relationship between the presence of macroscopic findings at endoscopy and the presence of histologic gastritis. In all instances where histologic gastritis was documented, Campylobacter pylori was observed in the gastric mucus. Mucosal tissue invasion by C pylori was not observed. The presence of gastritis and C pylori was associated with fasting hypochlorhydria. Follow-up evaluation was performed eight to 13 months after the initial endoscopic evaluation in three of the volunteers with positive test results. Persistence of C pylori and gastritis was observed. These findings suggest that histologic gastritis is common in healthy, asymptomatic individuals and is strongly associated with the presence of C pylori.
Adult↗
Decreased gas flow through pneumothoraces in neonates receiving high-frequency jet versus conventional ventilation.
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Humans↗
Rapid mechanical ventilation effects on tracheal airway pressure, lung volume, and blood gases of rabbits.
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that ventilation of rabbit lungs (whose mechanics are similar to those of human infants) at rapid rates will lead to large alterations in tracheal airway pressures, tidal volume, and functional residual capacity (FRC) with only minor changes in arterial blood gases. Thirteen rabbits were ventilated at rates of 30, 60, 90, and 120 breaths per minutes (BPM) with pressures of 17/2 cm H2O. Tracheal peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) was always lower than ventilator PIP and decreased to 11 +/- 1 cm H2O at 120 BPM. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the trachea was always greater than 2 cm H2O and increased with rate (3.5 cm H2O at 120 BPM). Tidal volume decreased as rates were increased such that rates above 60 BPM resulted in insignificant changes in minute ventilation and arterial blood gases. However, the FRC increased from 16 (30 BPM) to 25 ml/kg (120 BPM), a 56% increase, suggesting large increases in end-expiratory alveolar pressure. We conclude that rapid-rate ventilation (greater than 60 BPM) of healthy rabbits results in significant increases in both tracheal PEEP and FRC without significantly affecting arterial blood gases. The increased tracheal PEEP and FRC are manifestations of inadvertent PEEP. The increased FRC without concomitant increase in PaO2 implicates alveolar overdistention. We speculate that rapid-rate ventilation of human infants having lung mechanics similar to rabbits, will also result in inadvertent PEEP and alveolar overdistention.
Animals↗
Lateral-posterior (LP) and pulvinar unit activity related to intentional upper limb movements directed to spatially separated targets, in behaving Macaca nemestrina monkeys.
We have showed in a previous paper that the pulvinar extracellular unit activity in behaving monkeys was dependent on the attention the animal paid to the stimulus, or on its behavioral significance or on the intentional movements the animal performed. Several groups of pulvinar cells quantitatively studied in the behavioral tasks the monkeys performed were described. "Projection and hand manipulation" neurons belong to a group of pulvinar cells that increased their activity when the animal made an intentional movement of the limb towards an object that attracted his attention. Some of these cells showed temporal patterns of discharge as well as peak rates of activity that frequently differed for reaching movements to spatially separated targets. This suggested that the overall pattern of discharge of these population of cells differ for different directions of arm movements. We give here a description of the observations made in three behaving Macaca Nemestrina monkeys trained to project there hands and arms to four spatially separated targets situated on a panel in front of them and at arm's reach. The extracellular unit activity in the LP-pulvinar was simultaneously recorded during the execution of the behavioral task. Statistical analysis were applied to objectively quantify the electrophysiological data. In 39 microelectrode penetrations, 362 neurons were recorded. 50 cells, a 13 p. 100, showed significative changes in their discharge during the execution of the task. Neurons of this class were activated when the monkey made an intentional movement with his upper limb towards something that attracted his attention. They were driven very poorly, and in a not easily reproducible way by passive manipulation of the limb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Ventilatory control and carbon dioxide response in preterm infants with idiopathic apnea.
Idiopathic apnea in preterm infants, more than 30 weeks of gestation, after the first week of life is uncommon and poorly understood. To study ventilatory control in these infants we measured minute ventilation, respiratory frequency, tidal volume, end-tidal oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide pressure, and transcutaneous oxygen pressure before and during the fifth minute of breathing 4% carbon dioxide in air. Nine healthy preterm infants and eight infants with three or more episodes of apnea (greater than or equal to 20 s) in 24 hours were studied during active sleep. We found that infants with apnea had a significantly increased alveolar carbon dioxide pressure while respiratory frequency, minute ventilation, and slope were significantly decreased. Alveolar-transcutaneous oxygen gradients were essentially unchanged. These preterm infants with apnea have a decreased carbon dioxide sensitivity. They have a decreased minute ventilation primarily as a result of decreased respiratory frequency and their alveolar-transcutaneous oxygen gradient is normal. Our findings suggest that the major deficit in these infants is a central disturbance in the regulation of breathing.
Apnea↗
Borna disease virus. A possible etiologic factor in human affective disorders?
Borna disease virus is a unique neurotropic agent that appears to have a predilection for the limbic area of the brain. In some animal species, it can produce a behavioral syndrome characterized by aggressive and passive phases. This syndrome has suggested an analogy to certain human affective disorders. In this preliminary study, we examined the possible involvement of Borna disease virus in the etiology of human mood disorders by assaying for virus-specific antibodies in 265 patients with unipolar or bipolar depression and 105 normal, healthy volunteers. Twelve patients (4.5%) and none of the healthy controls demonstrated this antibody in their serum samples. It will be necessary to replicate and extend these intriguing preliminary results to determine if Borna disease virus is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of affective disorders in humans.
Adult↗
Hepatic tumors and oral contraceptives: surgical management.
The clinical and pathological features of 14 patients with benign liver tumors are reviewed. There were two males and 12 females in this series of cases. All but one of the females had been on contraceptive steroid therapy for an average of 7.8 years. Abdominal pain was the presenting complaint in 75% of cases, a palpable abdominal mass was present in 22%, while 12.5% of the patients presented with acute hemorrhagic shock due to rupture of a liver cell adenoma. Liver cell adenomas (LCA) were found in 87.5% of the cases and a diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNA) was made at histologic examination of the resected tumors in 12.5% of cases. Surgical resection of the liver tumors was performed successfully in 89% of the cases. Hepatic lobectomy was accomplished in four patients, hepatic segmentectomy was possible in three cases, while local wedge resection or focal excision were indicated on seven occasions. There was no operative mortality in this series, but one patient required reoperation for drainage of a complicating subphrenic abscess.
Adult↗
Cardiovascular and catecholamine changes after administration of pancuronium in distressed neonates.
Heart rate, blood pressure, transcutaneous gases, and catecholamine changes following intravenous injection of pancuronium were evaluated in seven ill newborn infants (birth weight: 1,280 to 4,500 g; gestational age, 29 to 42 weeks). Each infant was monitored continuously for 30 minutes before and 50 minutes after infusion of the paralyzing agent. There were no significant changes in transcutaneous gases, whereas significant increases in heart rate; systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures; and blood norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were found. The increase in heart rate lasted for 30 minutes, and the increase in blood pressure persisted for 50 minutes after administration of the drug. Because of the potential relationship between increased blood pressure and intraventricular hemorrhage and myocardial dysfunction, heart rate and blood pressure must be monitored during infusion of pancuronium in distressed newborns. These data suggest that pancuronium stimulates sympathetic activity in distressed newborns.
Blood Pressure↗
Phospholipids in tracheal effluent from infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome.
The physiologic aberration that causes abnormal alveolar surface tension in the lungs of infants with RDS was investigated by measuring relative quantities of surfactant-related phospholipids in tracheal effluent from infants with RDS. A preliminary study in premature lambs demonstrated that the percent DSPC (molar ratio of DSPC to total phospholipid) is similar in tracheal effluent and lung lavagate. The percent DSPC in tracheal effluent from human infants with RDS was similar to the percent DSPC in effluent from non-RDS infants on the first day of life (47.4% +/- 2.9 vs 46.7% +/- 1.2), and remained constant during the first 8 days of life. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was universally absent in effluent from RDS infants on the first and second day of life but appeared by the eighth day of life in all infants who remained intubated. PG was present in tracheal effluent from only 10 of 16 non-RDS infants on the first day of life. These findings suggest that, in regard to the surface-active lecithin content, surfactant from RDS infants is qualitatively normal and that the absence of RDS is not dependent on the presence of PG.
Animals↗
Effect of oestradiol-17 beta on uterine epidermal growth factor concentration in immature mice.
Using a specific and sensitive epidermal growth factor radioimmunoassay (EGF-RIA) we have identified EGF in immature mouse uterine tissue. In 16 day old mice a single injection of oestradiol-17 beta (E2) elicited an increase in uterine wet weight in 24 h but did not affect uterine EGF concentration. Sequential injection of E2 for a 7 day period increased both uterine wet weight and EGF concentration suggesting that change in EGF concentration is a delayed E2 response. The continuous treatment did not alter liver or submandibular gland tissue EGF concentrations, but significantly increased kidney EGF content. These data reveal that both uterine and renal tissue EGF concentrations are subject to modulation by E2 in developing mice.
Animals↗
Septate uterus: sonographic diagnosis and obstetric complications.
The present study is a report of the authors' sonographic and obstetric experience in seven cases with anatomically confirmed partial uterine septa. Emphasis is placed on the sonographic appearance and the differential diagnosis of a uterine septum. New sonographic findings are described that can resemble the appearance of a uterine septum during pregnancy, including uterine contractions, cystic masses adjacent to the uterine fundus, and a full urinary bladder. Obstetric complications are compared with previous studies. The authors observed one major obstetric complication of fetal malpresentation.
Adult↗
Sensorimotor unit activity related to intention in the pulvinar of behaving Cebus Apella monkeys.
Previous observations made in our laboratory in a waking behaving Cebus Apella monkey revealed that neurons of the Pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus discharged preferentially in relation to intentional movements of the limbs and eyes. We give here a description of further observations made in two waking, behaving Cebus Apella monkeys trained to perform two tasks: in the first to make saccadic eye movements to eccentrically placed visual targets; in the second, to make projection movements of the arm and hand to touch targets within arm's reach. The electrical activity of thalamic neurons was recorded extracellularly and records were made simultaneously of the horizontal eye movements and of tasks events. Four-hundred-sixty-five neurons were studied: of these, the activity of 272 could be correlated with behavioral events, while the remaining 193 could not be correlated or classified in this manner. The cells identified were classed in five groups, as follows: (1) neurons active during attentive fixation of a target, but which did not respond to our ordinary visual test stimuli; (2) neurons active during projection movements of the arm or manipulation with the hand, but which were not active during casual movements of the hand or arm, and which were not activated by passive somatic sensory stimuli; (3) those active before, during or after evoked saccadic movements of the eyes, but which were not activated by our testing visual stimuli; (4) neurons active during tracking movements of the eyes, or during projection movements of the arm, alone, but which discharged maximally when these two events occurred simultaneously; and, (5) neurons active during both saccadic movements of the eyes and during projection movements of the arm. We regularly observed, for each of these classes of neurons of the Pulvinar, that optimal correlated activity depended upon the intentional nature of the associated behavioral events, and the animal's attention to them. We conclude that there exists at the level of the Pulvinar a neural correlate of certain evolving behavioral events, and particularly of intentional activity such as the projection of the arm or the direction of gaze towards targets of interest in the immediately surrounding visual environment. The regions of the Pulvinar containing neurons with these properties are reciprocally related to association areas of the Neocortex known to contain neurons with similar properties. It can then be concluded from both anatomical and electrophysiological observations that the Pulvinar is an essential part of the system controlling these complex behavioral events.
Afferent Pathways↗
Chromosomal and behavioral studies of Mexican Drosophila. I. Vagility characteristics of three populations of D. pseudoobscura.
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Animals↗
Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma: current concepts.
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Female↗
Synthesis and use of radio cobaltic EDTA as an extracellular marker in rabbit heart.
A new gamma-labeled marker for extracellular space is the cobaltic form of 58Co-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (58Co-EDTA). The cobaltic ion has a much higher affinity for EDTA than the cobaltous ion; it is prepared as a potassium salt, K+(58Co3+-EDTA4-), and is apparently biologically inert. Testing by equilibration in intact rabbits and comparing the myocardial content with that of [14C]sucrose give values of the volume of distribution in the myocardium of 0.294 +/- 0.052 ml/g for 58Co-EDTA and 0.303 +/- 0.051 ml/g for [14C]sucrose (SD, n = 130, for two hearts), with the ratios of 58Co-EDTA/sucrose averaging 0.973 +/- 0.043 (n = 130). The average value of the extracellular fluid measured in isolated rabbit interventricular septum using Co-EDTA was 0.51 +/- 0.05 ml/g (SD, n = 16) and 0.46 +/- 0.04 ml/g using [14C]sucrose as an extracellular fluid space (ECF) marker. Flushing with a high concentration of nontracer Co-EDTA does not reveal any release from binding sites. The gamma-energy (811 KeV), long half-life (71.4 days), stability, and lack of binding to tissue components make 58Co-EDTA a useful marker for ECF.
Animals↗