Biomedical subjects

F Galibert

Publications and source records attributed to F Galibert.

220 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Frequent c-fms activation by proviral insertion in mouse myeloblastic leukaemias.

Retroviruses lacking oncogenes can induce tumours in animals, and the tumour cells are frequently found to contain proviral DNA inserted next to a proto-oncogene, which is thus placed under the regulatory control of the retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR). This altered regulation leads to overexpression of the proto-oncogene, which presumably contributes to the growth properties of the tumour cells. fim-2 has been described as a retroviral integration site frequently and specifically involved in murine myeloblastic leukaemias induced in vivo or in vitro by the replication-competent Friend murine leukaemia virus (F-MuLV). Here we report that fim-2 spans the 5'-end of the murine proto-oncogene c-fms, known to code for a transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity probably identical to the receptor of the haemopoietic growth factor, monocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1). Proviral integration in the fim-2 region results in a high expression of a normal sized c-fms messenger RNA. We also observe that some tumours have lost the fim-2/c-fms germ line allele. These results provide the first evidence for the presumed involvement of c-fms in myelomonocytic leukaemias.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Toward a dog radiation hybrid map.

Dog fibroblasts grown from a biopsy performed in a male mongrel were fused after gamma irradiation with thymidine kinase-deficient hamster cells and cultivated in selection medium. A total of 148 clones were obtained and screened by means of PCR amplification using primers corresponding to a dog-specific short repetitive element and to dog microsatellites and genes. One hundred seven cell lines were selected and grown in roller bottles and the distribution of 39 markers was analyzed in the extracted DNA. The results clearly indicate that this panel of hybrid cell lines should prove invaluable for constructing a map of the canine genome. In parallel, for more than 500 microsatellites present in the databases or screened from two libraries of short inserts, we have determined PCR conditions favoring dog-specific products even in the presence of hamster DNA. These highly polymorphic microsatellites should be useful in further linkage studies. We have also characterized 254 markers: dog genes, human expressed sequenced tags (huESTs), and traced orthologous amplified sequenced tags (TOASTs). Once mapped, these will constitute powerful tools to detect regions of conserved synteny in human and other mammalian genomes.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Structure, chromosomal location, and analysis of the canine Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene.

Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a major cytosolic antioxidant enzyme in eukaryotic cells, have been reported in approximately 20% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) patients. Hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy (HCSMA), a fatal inherited motor neuron disease in Brittany spaniels, shares many clinical and pathological features with human motor neuron disease, including FALS. The SOD1 coding region has been sequenced and cloned from several animal species, but not from the dog. We have mapped the chromosomal location, sequenced, and characterized the canine SOD1 gene. Extending this analysis, we have evaluated SOD1 as a candidate for HCSMA. The 462 bp SOD1 coding region in the dog encodes 153 amino acid residues and exhibits more than 83% and 79% sequence identity to other mammalian homologues at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. The canine SOD1 gene maps to CFA31 close to syntenic group 13 on the radiation hybrid (RH) map in the vicinity of sodium myo/inositol transporter (SMIT) gene. The human orthologous SOD1 and SMIT genes have been localized on HSA 21q22.1 and HSA 21q21, respectively, confirming the conservation of synteny between dog syntenic group 13 and HSA 21. Direct sequencing of SOD1 cDNA from six dogs with HCSMA revealed no mutations. Northern analysis indicated no differences in steady-state levels of SOD1 mRNA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of MultiMap and TSP/CONCORDE for constructing radiation hybrid maps.

Radiation hybrid (RH) map construction allows investigators to locate both type I and type II markers on a given genome map. The process is composed of two steps. The first consists of determining the pattern distribution of a set of markers within the different cell lines of an RH panel. This is mainly done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and gel electrophoresis, and results in a series of numbers indicating the presence or the absence of each marker in each cell line. The second step consists of a comparison of these numbers, using various algorithms, to group and then order markers. Because different algorithms may provide (slightly) different orders, we have compared the merits of the MultiMap and TSP/CONCORDE packages using a data set of information currently under analysis for construction of the canine genome RH map.

Animals↗