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Biomedical subjects

F Denis

Publications and source records attributed to F Denis.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Human vitreous penetration of imipenem.

The purpose of this study was to determine imipenem concentrations in vitreous humor of non-infected human eyes. Ten patients undergoing vitrectomy were infused with a single dose of either 0.5g (5 patients) or 1g (5 patients) of imipenem. Vitreous humor was withdrawn 2 or 4 hours after the end of the infusion. Results differed in relation to the dose. After 0.5g, vitreous levels were stable (approximately 0.20 mg/l), but after 1g they were significantly higher (approximately 2 mg/l). These levels were above the minimum inhibitory concentration of imipenem for 90% (MIC 90) of the main species responsible for endophthalmitis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ocular bacterial infections : present and prospective methods of diagnosis].

Bacteriological samples and tests are essentiel for the diagnosis of superficial ocular infections and endophtalmitis. The direct examination and the traditional culture of the samples can be in the futur associated with new diagnostic approach using antigen detection (immunofluorescence, enzyme immunosorbent assays) and genome research by hybridation or better by amplification for Chlamydia and for the most frequent species responsible of endophtalmitis. An original genomic strategy of bacterial endophtalmitis diagnosis was developped.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of integrons in dissemination of antibiotic resistance].

Bacteria can transfer genetic information to get protection against most antibiotics. The acquisition of resistance genes involves genetic mobile elements such as plasmids and transposons. Another genetic structures, named integrons, have been described and contain one or more gene cassettes located at a specific site. Integrons contain an intI gene encoding a site-specific recombinase belonging to the integrase family and a recombination site attI. A gene cassette includes an open reading frame and, at the 3'-end, a recombination site attC. Integration or excision of cassettes occurs by a site-specific recombination mechanism catalyzed by the integrase. However, insertion can rarely occur, at non-specific sites leading to a stable situation for the cassette. Cassettes are transcribed from a common promoter located in the 5'-conserved segment and expression of distal genes is reduced by the presence of upstream cassettes. Most gene cassettes encode antibiotic resistant determinants but antiseptic resistant genes have also been described. Integrons seem to have a major role in the spread of multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria but integrons in Gram-positive bacteria have been recently described. Moreover, the finding of super-integrons with gene cassettes coding for other determinants (biochemical functions, virulence factors) in different Gram negative bacteria suggests that integrons are probably implied in bacterial genome evolution.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Inactivation of enteroviruses in seawater].

Virus survival in the laboratory was examined in non sterile and sterile seawater. Five enteric viruses were studied (Poliovirus, Coxsackie A and B) at four temperatures 4, 12, 22, 37 degrees. Thirty to forty days were required for a 3 log (99.9%) reduction at 22 degrees C, without regard to the virus type, in sterile seawater. Survival times were longer at lower temperatures, but shorter in non sterile seawater. A correlation between virus inactivation and particles of natural seawaters was suggested.

Enterovirus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Imaging of hepatoma. Review of 50 cases].

The authors present 50 cases of hepatoma involving 32 cirrhotic and 18 healthy livers. Only 6 cases were amenable to exeresis completed by peripheral (4 cases) or intra-arterial (2 cases) chemotherapy. In addition to a semeiological study, the usefulness of various imaging techniques (ultrasound, CT, angiography) is discussed. Ultrasound (50 cases), the basic examination, is often sufficient for diagnosis (28 cases of puncture under ultrasound guidance); in certain cases it suffices to rule out surgery (multiple forms, vascular involvement). CT scans (40 cases) are obtained in different manners depending on whether the aim is to detect a hepatoma not seen on sonograms (as in the case of a high alpha-foetoproteinemia) or to obtain more precise anatomical data for an already discovered lesion. At present, angiography (13 cases) appears reserved for cases in which the other two techniques do not reveal any contraindications for surgery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Leprosy and hepatitis B].

In 1966, B. S. Blumberg, investigating for carriers of the "Australia" antigen which he had discovered two years before, finds that the percentage is significantly more elevated in a group of leprous patients than in controls. In this initial work, realized at Cebu, Philippines, he mentions a higher percentage of this antigen carriers among the lepromatous than among the tuberculoid patients. He explains his findings by a genetic hypothesis and by the fact that lepromatous patients are more often hospitalized than the tuberculoid ones, thus narrowest contacts could favour the antigen transmission. Later, the established relation between Australia antigen and hepatitis B incites the authors to disregard the very deceiving genetic hypothesis and to build up the most important characteristic of lepromatous leprosy--cell immunity--as opposed to the tuberculoid form where cell immunity is normal. Investigation for seric markers of hepatitis B virus in patients with tuberculoid or lepromatous leprosy provides a model for the study on "cell immunity and hepatitis B". The juxtaposition of geographic areas with high prevalence of leprosy patients and of HBs Ag carriers is a supplementary argument for the study of their connection. Up to now, about fifty works have been published on this subject. Most of them investigate detection of HBs Ag and a few of HBe Ag and HBs Ac. This bibliographical study, including a personal study, reviews markers of hepatitis B virus replication in leprosy patients, incidence of hospitalization and age of these patients, as well as the methodology used.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the search for soluble antigens in the cerebrospinal fluid from 31 cases of purulent meningitis in children].

Soluble antigens were looked for in 31 cases of purulent meningitis in children aged one day to 16 years. The latex technique was used in this study. Negative cases were controlled by counter-immune electrophoresis and by ELISA. From the results of our study and after a review of the literature, it appears that the latex technique is the best method at present to identify soluble antigens in purulent meningitis. This technique is better than a direct microscopic examination (p less than 0.02), especially in cases of meningitis due to H. influenzae and to S. pneumoniae. Latex technique kits used in the identification of type B meningococcus should be improved, and additional kits are needed if a wider range of bacteria are to be identified.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Salmonellosis in Dakar: bacteriological, clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects. Ten years records (author's transl)].

A study on salmonellosis in Senegal has been carried out in Dakar at the University Hospital of Fann from 1966 to 1976. The authors describe the various methods of isolating the germs (mainly hemoculture and coproculture) and the techniques used for bacteriological research (antibiograms, tests on plasmidic resistance). The results of these investigations, which took the whole of 10 years, are presented below, in accordance with their different aspects: - bacteriological: 1 335 strains of Salmonella have been isolated. Significantly, S. typhi is predominant (56,6 p. 100). But 7 serotypes represent 90 p. 100 of the total strains which are now in existence in Dakar; - clinical: the aspects of these diseases vary: typhoïd fever, encephalitis, diarrheic syndrome, especially among infants, and purulent meningitis, which is generally severe; - therapeutic: 880 strains have been tested with 10 antibiotics. Two groups of Salmonella serotypes are opposed: those which are sensitive (S. typhi, S. typhi murium, S. enteritidis, S. paratyphi C), those which have become resistant (S. stanleyville, S. havana, S. ordonez). The most frequent antibiotype of this kind is ASKCTSu. This is a phenomenon of plasmidic resistance, demonstrated by in vitro experiments; - epidemiological: the lysotypes of 86 strains have been determined. Two epidemiological features must be described: either a stable endemic situation with sensitive strains - or epidemics, lasting several years, with resistant serotypes. Different therapeutic schemes can be used: chloramphenicol for typhoid fever, or sometimes cotrimoxazole, or ampicillin for meningitis. In diarrheic syndrome, symptomatic treatment is enough. Then, the authors give their comments on the special characteristics of salmonellosis in Dakar: - the influence of environment on the various clinical aspects of these diseases: very serious cases of meningitis, typhoid fever, which is more severe than in France, and complications when treatment has gone wrong at the beginning; - antibiograms, which are essential, in order to choose the adequate therapeutics; - and the different aspects of epidemillogy, which are linked to the sensitivity of the serotypes to the most active antibiotics. The existence of several resistant serotypes in Senegal is a real danger: plasmidic resistance could be transferred to S. typhi. In such a situation, epidemiological surveillance of salmonellosis is absolutely necessary, and control of enteric diseases, characterized by foecal transmission, must be carried out, with the techniques available in the country.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗