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Biomedical subjects

F Cavaliere

Publications and source records attributed to F Cavaliere.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Experimental acute hypoxia. Brain preservation by phenobarbital pretreatment. Histological study in guinea pigs.

Acute hypoxia was induced by keeping guinea pigs in an atmosphere of 5% O2/95% N2 for 20 min. Four groups of 10 guinea pigs each were used: (A) control; (B) after 20 min of hypoxia; (C) after 20 min of hypoxia and 20 min of oxygen therapy (100%); (D) pretreatment with phenobarbital (100 mg/kg body wt) and 20 min of hypoxia, followed by 20 min of oxygen therapy. The histological study did not show significant differences between barbiturate-treated and untreated hypoxic brains. In fact, the severity of ischemic-hypoxic damage as well as its distribution were similar in all the experimental groups of animals. Lesions predominated in the regions which are known to be more sensitive to hypoxia (3rd and 4th layers of parieto-occipital cortex, Sommer's fields, cerebellum). It is considered that in the experimental conditions barbiturates did not act as a protective agent--at least as assessed morphologically.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Cleft palate surgery from its beginnings until today].

The Authors have studied the evolution of the cleft palate's surgery, illness known from ancient times, but without any therapeutic solution for a long time. After the discovery of America, with the presence of a new syphilitic infection, cleft palate was generally considered as a consequence of syphilis, and undoubtedly this took away much interest in resolving any surgical problem. Only in 1766 Le Monnier did an operation of staphylorrhaphy. In the first half of 19th century many different surgeons, of different nations, presented many technics for the plasty of the cleft palate. But, as a result of the operation, there were new problems concerning the speech. Schönborn, just to improve the speech, did a palatopharyngoplasty in 1875, operation that was accepted only by Rosenthal, in 1924. After having been considered the technical skills for this surgery, there are presents the nowaday views for the correction of cleft palate.

China↗
PubMed1983

Changes of serum magnesium ions in open heart surgery.

The changes of magnesium in the serum were studied in 20 patients undergoing cardiac valve substitution procedures in extracorporeal circulation. The serum magnesium ions were determined before the onset of the anesthesia, at the beginning and at the end of the extracorporeal circulation, at the end of surgery and during the first post-operative day. A slight magnesium ion deficiency was observed even in the initial serum levels, probably due to the pre-operative diuretic therapy. The hypomagnesemia observed during the bypass was related to haemodilution and urinary losses. A limited increase in magnesemia, probably caused by the diffusion of the ion towards the vascular compartment, was observed at the end of the extracorporeal circulation. A new decrease was found during the post-operative stage, perhaps caused by the action of diuretics, which were administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Annular pancreas in the adult (clinical study)].

The authors report a double observation of anular pancreas which appeared with different signs. After discussing the different etiopathogenetic moments, they point out the variety of the therapeutical behaviour in front of such a rare disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Mucociliary flow in the nose during general and epidural anesthesia.

By means of the coloured indicator transport test (phenol red 3% in calcium-hydrogen-phosphate), mucociliary function in nose and pharynx was studied in 50 patients who underwent general or ocular surgery and in 10 healthy adult subjects. Patients were anesthetized with halothane, enflurane, NLA, and epidural analgesia. At the end of surgery, mucociliary function was significantly depressed (p less than 0.001) after halothane or enflurane anesthesia, but not after NLA or epidural analgesia. Six hours following enflurane anesthesia we still found a significant depression (p less than 0.001) of mucociliary function. No difference between halothane or enflurane was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Segmentary necrosis of the main bile pathway. Presentation of a clinical case].

Reference is made to a personal case in an examination of the more controversial aspects of segmentary necrosis of the main bile pathway. Attention is drawn to the leading features of the pathogenetic evolution of this lesion. Bearing in mind the almost insurmountable difficulty of formulating a preoperative diagnosis, an examination is made of the possible therapeutic solutions. In the light of the data presented, the suggestion is made that the only effective prevention is offered by early surgical management of all pathological situations affecting the main bile pathway that may, if neglected, lead to the setting up of segmentary necrosis within it.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Intravenous sodium lactate administration in respiratory alkalosis secondary to severe brain injuries.

In acute cerebrovascular accidents the uptake of lactate by the brain tissue is enhanced, possibly in an attempt to buffer the increased local lactic acidosis. In this paper the results obtained by the administration of the lactate in 78 cases of hyperventilatory syndromes secondary to acute brain injuries, and the biochemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood, are reported.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1977

Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein synthesis in the "petite-negative" yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Cytoplasmic inheritance of resistance to tetracycline.

The growth of two strains of the "petite-negative" yeast Kluyveromyces lactis is inhibited by Tetracycline in different ways under the same culture conditions. Tetracycline resistant mutants of one strain have been isolated which can tolerate doses as high as 3000 microgram/ml of antibiotic. The segregation pattern of this character obtained by random spore analysis of the ascospores derived from the cross of the two strains strongly suggests that the resistance to tetracycline is under mitochondrial control.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1975

Studies on a temperature sensitive nuclear petite mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: phenotypic reversibility of the mitochondrial functions.

1. We have studied the pleiotropic effect of a single-gene mutation of the pts mutant strain 1511 grown at 23 degrees C and 36 degrees C. 2. Growth of the mutant at the non-permissive temperature results in a decrease of respiration rate to about 50% after one generation and to less than 5% after five generations. The cytochrome spectra analysis revealed that only cytochrome c was present after growth at 36 degrees C. 3. Mitochondrial protein synthesis experiments in vivo demonstrated that the protein synthesizing system was not as rapidly inactivated by high temperature as the respiratory system. 4. The recovery of the respiratory capacity of the cells at 23 degrees C is complete but dependent on the de novo synthesis of a temperature sensitive protein.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The application of hyperthermia in regional chemotherapy.

To evaluate the role of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy in the loco-regional treatment of tumors, a retrospective analysis was done with 228 limb melanoma patients treated with hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion (HAP). A series of treatment- and tumor-related prognostic factors was analyzed to establish their influence on tumor response, loco-regional control, and survival. Concerning tumor response, the logistic model showed that the number of lesions and the minimal tumor temperature (min T) maintained their individual predictive values (P < 0.000001 and P = 0.04, respectively). For loco-regional control, only the number of lesions had a significant predictive value. No direct correlation was found between the treatment-related variables and loco-regional control. However, the 5-year survival rate was significantly higher for patients who achieved a complete response (CR) (51.5%, P = 0.0033) as compared to those who did not (33.3%), providing indirect evidence of the role of the treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that both disease-free and overall survival are strongly influenced by numerous clinical variables and the min T always maintained its significance. When analyzing the subgroup of 119 patients evaluable for tumor response, the Cox model selected the tumor response as the dominant factor for both disease-free and overall survival. These data seem to demonstrate that the optimization of treatment parameters is crucial in determining the CR rate, which, in turn, positively affects the disease outcome. HAP is the treatment of choice for recurrent limb melanoma, and hyperthermia plays an important role in exploiting the efficacy of this technique.

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion in the treatment of local recurrence or "in-transit" metastases of limb melanoma.

On the basis of personal experience and a review of the literature, the authors have evaluated the results obtained with hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion (HAP) for the treatment of stage II, III and IIIAB limb melanoma. The evaluation showed that today HAP may be considered a safe and effective treatment, with a major complication rate ranging between 1% and 4%. In terms of tumor response, locoregional control and survival, this treatment has provided better results than other regional chemotherapeutic modalities and undoubtedly better results than those obtained with conventional, even radical, surgery. The multiparametric analysis showed that, of the treatment-related prognostic factors, the minimum tumor temperature influenced the percentage of complete response (CR) to the greatest extent (P < 0.03), with a positive trend also with regard to the dosage of the antiblastic drug employed (P < 0.08). In turn, the complete response rate was a determinant as far as locoregional control (75.3%; P < 0.0009) and disease-free (51.4%; P < 0.009) and overall survival (63.2%; P < 0.009) rates were concerned. Of the tumor-related prognostic factors, the number of lesions (P < 0.0014), sex (P < 0.04), and the number of disease recurrences (P < 0.01) appear to influence overall survival.

Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local hyperthermia and systemic chemotherapy for treatment of recurrent melanoma.

Thirty-two patients with recurrent (skin) or metastatic (skin, node, or both) melanoma have been treated with a hyperthermia-cisplatin regimen. The hyperthermic treatment was carried out for 60 minutes at 43 degrees C with the MHS-SMA and the Sapic SVO3 ALENIA devices once a week. When the tumor temperature reached 42 degrees C, cisplatin was administered at a dosage of 50 mg/m2 given by intravenous bolus infusion. The treatment was repeated four times and the tumor response evaluated 4 weeks after the last treatment. Significant systemic or local toxicity was not seen. In terms of results, there were 9 patients with complete responses (28.1%), 13 with partial responses (40.6%), 8 with no change (25.0%), and two with disease progression (6.3%). The objective response rate was 68.7%. The response duration for those with complete responses ranged from 4 to 49 months (median 20 months). The median time to progression for patients with partial responses and those with no change was 6 and 5 months, respectively, with ranges of 1-7 and 1-10 months, respectively. The 4-year actuarial survival rates were 47.6% and 20.3% for the complete and incomplete responders, respectively. These results can be considered satisfactory, taking into account that most patients were pretreated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both, confirming the therapeutic potential of the hyperthermia and cisplatin regimen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor-alpha on circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (ILP) with tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFalpha) and cytotoxic drugs is currently used for treatment of melanoma and sarcoma of the limbs. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is involved in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome as a result of activation of inflammatory cells and production of bioactive substances. The goal of this study was to determine the circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules in 19 patients with limb melanoma or sarcoma undergoing ILP with (n = 9) or without TNFalpha (n = 10). The results obtained demonstrated that ILP with TNFalpha was responsible for a leakage of TNFalpha in the systemic circulation, followed by a rise in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels within I h. Elevated soluble (s)P-selectin levels were found 1-3 h after ILP. Plasma sE-selectin peaked 6-9 h after ILP, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) levels reached a maximum after 24 h. Significant correlations were observed among these variables, confirming the interdependence of all changes observed. On the other hand, ILP with cytotoxic drugs alone induced only a modest release of TNFalpha, which was not followed by an immediate rise in IL-6 and IL-8. Four of the 9 patients undergoing ILP with TNF had severe systemic toxicity. No association was found between systemic TNF levels and the clinical outcome, whereas elevated TNF perfusion levels as well as systemic IL-6 and IL-8 levels were constantly elevated in patients with severe toxicity. These results are suggestive of an important role of TNFalpha levels in the perfusion system (more than leakage of perfusate) in causing postoperative toxicity, although other ILP-related factors should not be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal obstruction improvement induced by topical furosemide in subjects affected by perennial nonallergic rhinitis.

Inhaled furosemide decreases bronchial response to several physical and chemical irritants. To evaluate the effect of topical furosemide on nasal resistance in patients affected by perennial nonallergic rhinitis, we studied 12 patients. This diagnosis of perennial nonallergic rhinitis was based on the history of rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal obstruction, on anterior rhinoscopy and endoscopy, on negative allergic tests, and on the absence of eosinophilia in nasal secretion. The study was performed on two nonconsecutive days. On the first day, one puff (100 microliters) of 0.9% saline was sprayed into both nostrils and nasal resistance was measured by anterior rhinomanometry before the puff and 15 and 30 minutes later. On the second day, one puff (100 microliters) of a solution of furosemide (10 mg/mL) was sprayed into both nostrils and nasal resistance was measured before the puff and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes later. Initial nasal resistance was abnormally high in all patients on both days. A slight but significant increase was observed after spraying isotonic saline (base: 1.38 +/- .69; 15 minutes: 1.47 +/- 0.72; 30 minutes: 1.44 +/- 0.73); by contrast a marked decrease was observed after spraying the furosemide solution. Nasal resistance was lowest between 30 and 90 minutes after giving furosemide. Then it progressively increased, but values at 180 minutes were still lower than the initial ones (base: 1.43 +/- 0.67; 15 minutes: 0.70 +/- 0.47; 30 minutes: 0.48 +/- 0.24; 45 minutes: 0.49 +/- 0.21; 60 minutes: 0.50 +/- 0.20; 90 minutes: 0.56 +/- 0.23; 120 minutes: 0.62 +/- 0.32; 180 minutes: 0.67 +/- 0.30). After topical furosemide, all patients had subjective relief of nasal obstruction that lasted more that 12 hours in 9 subjects.

Administration, Inhalation↗