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Biomedical subjects

F Cavaliere

Publications and source records attributed to F Cavaliere.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Airway secretion electrolytes: reflection of water and salt states of the body.

Water and electrolyte content influences the rheology of respiratory mucus. Nasal secretions can be obtained from almost all patients and may be regarded as a possibly useful model of the electrolyte composition of lower airway secretions that are difficult to collect in most patients. Na, K, and Cl were determined from nasal secretions in 35 ICU patients. We studied the relationship of those values to the patients' water and salt states. Our study indicates that: a) lower K and Cl levels and higher Na levels than those found in plasma are common to both nasal and bronchial secretions; b) variations of electrolyte levels in nasal secretions are interrelated; c) patients with lower values of free-water clearance show lower Na and higher Cl levels in nasal secretions, possibly due to increased epithelial transport; d) the amount of K in nasal secretions appears correlated with its urinary fractional excretion (this could be explained by the variations in intracellular K levels); and e) in hyperchloremic patients, plasma/secretion differences of Na are decreased, possibly due to decreased epithelial transport.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

pH and electrolytes in nasal secretum of intensive care unit patients.

Na, K and Cl levels and pH were determined in 26 samples of nasal secretum and plasma obtained from orally intubated intensive care unit patients. In nasal secretum K and Cl were higher and Na lower than in plasma: pH was higher in secretum than in plasma, probably because of the fall of CO2, which freely diffuses to the air. The epithelial activities of lowering pH, secreting K, and reabsorbing Na appeared closely linked together. The chloride difference (DCl) probably balanced the decrease of other anions, such as bicarbonate. Finally, some influences of plasmatic values on ion active transport rates may be hypothesized on the ground of the correlations of chloride and potassium values in nasal secretion and plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Erythrocyte electrolyte abnormalities.

In contrast to lymphocytes and skeletal muscle cells, erythrocyte electrolytes may be easily determined. In this study Na, K, and Mg concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes of 100 consecutive ICU patients were compared to evaluate their potential clinical usefulness. The predictive indices of electrolyte changes in plasma vs. those in erythrocytes were low for all of the electrolytes studied. The erythrocyte Mg assessment was particularly useful for the high frequency of abnormalities observed, because it was less affected than plasma Mg by such transitory clinical states as hemodilution or lipolysis. The erythrocyte K was less frequently altered; no patient with a high K deficit was studied, excluding one patient with Crohn's disease. Finally, abnormally high erythrocyte Na levels correlated closely with some pathologic status, in particular respiratory failure.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1987

Role of hyperthermic perfusion in the treatment of limb osteogenic sarcoma.

The role of hyperthermic perfusion (HP) for the treatment of limb osteogenic sarcoma was evaluated in 76 patients. Twelve patients were treated with HP alone, and a 5- and 10-year survival rate of 25.5% was obtained. When amputation was systematically associated to HP (12 patients), a 5- and 10-year survival rate of 50.9% was achieved. Twenty-seven patients were treated with hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion (HAP) followed by amputation 4 weeks later. With this treatment, the 5- and 10-year actuarial rates rose to 71.4 and 65%, respectively, with a 5-year disease-free survival rate of 67.4%. Fifteen patients were treated with HAP followed by an 'en bloc' resection and bone reconstruction. The 5- and 10-year actuarial survival rate obtained was 63.5% with a 5-year disease-free survival rate of 53.6%. These results seem to indicate that HAP permits carrying out conservative rather than ablative surgery for the treatment of limb osteogenic sarcoma.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

Magnesium metabolism in open-heart surgery.

The levels of magnesium in serum, urine and erythrocytes were studied in 22 patients undergoing cardiac surgery for valvular prosthesis. Magnesium values were correlated with serum albumin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Data were collected before anesthesia, 10 min after sternotomy, heparinization and declamping of the aorta and in the 1st postoperative day. A slight decrease in magnesemia was observed before extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and was mainly due to haemodilution. The correlation of magnesium with NEFA was significant only after heparinization. The use of the St Thomas solution as cardioplegia fully corrected the hypomagnesemia previously reported during ECC as well as in the 1st postoperative day. A moderate hypermagnesemia was observed at the end of ECC, but no patient reached dangerous levels of serum magnesium. Urinary losses increased during and after ECC. Red blood cell magnesium showed a slight increase before ECC, followed by a significant reduction at the end of ECC.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Urea to calculate the dilution of nasal secretum collected by lavage.

Urea, creatinine (24 cases) and albumin (22 cases) were determined in nasal secretum and in serum in 50 subjects. The correlation between the values in the secretum and in the serum significative only for urea and creatinine. The regression coefficient of urea was particularly high and we suggest that the values of urea in nasal secretum may be calculated as 1, 3 times its serum levels. This relationship may be useful to calculate the dilution of the samples of respiratory secretum collected by lavage, utilizing the ratio between the actual urea in the sample and its theorical value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Changes of serum pyruvate and lactate in open-heart surgery.

In 20 patients under extracorporeal bypass, a study was undertaken of the changes in plasma of lactate and pyruvate, the lactate/pyruvate ratio and the lactate excess. A decrease has been found in the pyruvate and an increase in the other values lasting for the first days of the post-operative period. The causes may be many, such as changes in the oxidation potential, blood transfusions and liver function, and these may be manifested in an increase in the serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.

Adolescent↗