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Biomedical subjects

F Capani

Publications and source records attributed to F Capani.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Changes in body composition in obese patients on a low-calorie diet].

Energy balance was studied on 4 obese hospitalized subjects kept on hypocaloric diet (489 Kcal - 54% CHO, 10,6% Fat, 35,4% Protein) for 18 +/- 3,7 days. Energy expenditure was measured trough heart-rate monitoring (individual calibrations before and after the study were performed) and nitrogen balance was computed to establish protein loss. Individual qualitative composition of body weight loss was then assessed: 71,4 +/- 5,23% could be attributable to fat loss, 9,38 +/- 3,32% to protein loss, 18,2 +/- 5,5% to water loss. Part of this last figure could be attributable to a slight under-estimation of the method utilized to measure the energy expenditure (heart-rate monitoring).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of rigid dietary restrictions on the control of blood sugar in obese type II diabetic patients].

The improvement of glycemic control obtained with weight loss in NIDDM obese diabetics is still lacking of a prediction formula to establish which would be the weight loss to possibly obtain a fasting normoglycemia. Nine NIDDM obese diabetics of both sexes (age 51 +/- 2,64 yrs; initial body weight 91,63 +/- 6,02 Kg., IBW 156,98 +/- 13,38%, fasting plasma IRI 27,58 +/- 6 microU/ml) were hospitalized and discontinued any therapy 10 days before the study. A diet of 600 cal/day was given for a mean period of 20 days. Daily preprandial blood glucose (at 08,00,12,00,19,00 h.) and body weight (on a precision scale) were recorded. Initial fasting blood glucose was 208,89 +/- 16 mg/dl. A mean weight reduction of 3.87 +/- 0.75 Kg was obtained (corresponding to an IBW of only 6,91 +/- 1,35%, being the final IBW of 150,08 +/- 13,59%) which led to a mean blood glucose concentration of 124,89 +/- 7,81 mg/dl. A significant individual linear correlation between weight reductions and mean blood glucose values was found for all subjects with wide differences in the individual slopes of regression lines. In conclusion small weight losses obtained with hypocaloric diets can lead to a nearly normalization of fasting blood glucose, also when the subjects are still well over their ideal body weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Modifications in the oscillation of substrates in obese subjects subjected to variations in the pattern of meal-timing].

In a group of obese subjects kept on hypocaloric diet during a period of 18 days, an eventual different behaviour of carbohydrates and lipids oxidation following to meal-timing manipulation (a single meal given only at 10.00 hr or at 18.00 hr of each day) has been studied by indirect calorimetry. No significant difference of body weight reduction was noticed in both dietetic regimens. In the group of obese subjects who consumed the single meal at 10.00, a slight increase of carbohydrates oxidation was noticed, without a statistical significance, whereas in the group with single meal at 18.00 h a significant increase of lipids oxidation resulted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Semisynthetic human insulin in the treatment of diabetes type I. Preliminary experience].

The recent availability of human insulin raised the question of evaluating its effectiveness in comparison with traditional animal insulins in the treatment of type I diabetics. 9 long-term CSII treated type I diabetics were shifted from pork insulin to human semisynthetic insulin and followed up to 8 months. The following parameters were evaluated: basal insulin infusion allowing morning blood glucose of 100-140 mg/dl and the serum insulin binding capacity (Bio-Merieux). 5 subjects did not show any variation of basal insulin requirement whereas in 4 subjects the occurrence of hypoglycemia induced a reduction of basal insulin requirement of 15%, 16%, 27% and 15%, after 1,2,2 and 8 months respectively, from the shift to human insulin. Serum insulin binding capacity was undetectable in 3 subjects, unchanged in 4, slightly decreasing in 2. One of these two exhibited as well a decrease of basal insulin requirement (16%), while in the other the state of pregnancy prevented its precise assessment. In conclusion human insulin appears as effective as pork insulin; further studies are needed to confirm the suggestions of its lower immunogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Administration of semisynthetic human insulin by a spray injector].

The use of Jet injection in insulin administration pointed out the question whether this route could affect insulin absorption and plasma insulin profiles. To compare plasma insulin profiles following an administration of an identical insulin dose by jet injection or by conventional subcutaneous route (syringe with needle) 8 healthy subjects (age 24-28 yrs., non obese) were given at 09.00 h of two different days 200 mU/kg/BW of human semisynthetic regular insulin (Novo Actarapid) alternatively subcutaneously by a syringe with needle or transcutaneously by jet injection (DG 77 - Sicim - Gorizia). Before insulin administration and then 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after, blood samples were drawn for plasma insulin and C-peptide determination. Higher plasma insulin levels after administration by jet were found at 15' and 30' minutes (62,58 +/- 6,31 v.s. 36,94 +/- 3,31 microunits/ml at 15' and 76,51 +/- 9,60 v.s. 51,65 +/- 9,95 at 30', p less than 0,01 and p less than 0,005, paired Student t test). No difference could be observed for the other times. C-peptide was found to fall to undetectable values, confirming the nearly total suppression of endogenous insulin production. It is concluded that total regular insulin absorption does not differ after transcutaneous jet injection or administration by syringe with needle, but in the first case it is faster. This last finding should be considered in planning insulin treatment schedules.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Blood sugar control in diabetic patients bearing microinfusors: the importance of the dawn phenomenon].

Significant early morning hyperglycemia (the so-called "dawn phenomenon") has been observed in insulin-dependent diabetics who were otherwise well controlled. This phenomenon, if present, could lead to errors in adapting the basal insulin infusion in CSII treated diabetic patients, because a normal glucose level in the morning could be associated with asymptomatic hypoglycemic values in the night. In order to observe the occurrence and to quantify the magnitude of this phenomenon 14 well controlled CSII-treated type I diabetics were hospitalized for 1 night and samples for the determination of blood glucose (14 patients) and serum cortisol, free insulin and NEFA (8 patients) were drawn at 24.00, 02.00, 04.00, 06.00, 08.00 h. Blood glucose values were slightly but significantly higher at 06.00 than at 02.00 (106 +/- 7.92 v.s. 88.57 +/- 7.02 mg/dl, p less than 0.025, paired Student t test) while serum free insulin values decreased from midnight to 02.00 and then they remained stable. It is concluded that the small increase of blood glucose values in the morning is not a major clinical problem in CSII treated diabetic patients.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

[Circadian rhythm oscillations in body temperature, serum cortisol, prolactin and TSH in obese patients subjected to a change in meal-timing].

In obese subjects, treated by hypocaloric diet, meal-timing was modified: a single meal in the morning or a single meal in the afternoon, given during 18 days in order to emphasize eventual modifications of circadian rhythms of serum cortisol, prolactin, TSH and body temperature. The study was performed using macroscopic approach by circadian chronograms of the mean values. The meal-timing modifications do not change the rhythm of serum cortisol and TSH; while as far as the rhythms of serum prolactin and body temperature, are concerned, in subjects given the meal only in the morning, these rhythms were suppressed.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1984

[Basal blood glucose oscillations in diabetics treated with microinfused insulin. Comparison between hormonal distributions by the square wave-form at various frequencies].

Basal glycemic oscillations in 3 type I-diabetics treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and without endogenous insulin secretion have been studied. Insulin infusion with different frequencies of square wave-form basal insulin delivery (1 min and 10 min) have been utilized. Aim of the present investigation was to observe whether basal blood glucose oscillations could be affected by the frequency of basal square wave-form insulin delivery. Blood glucose has been measured at 3 min intervals for 90 min for each frequency. The glycemic patterns obtained did not show any periodism in relationship with the two frequencies engaged, hence the glycemic fluctuation, similar between the two experiments, cannot be considered as dependent on the different frequency of insulin pulses.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

Seasonal variations of total and free thyroid hormones in healthy men: a chronobiological study.

The seasonal variations of iodothyronines and TSH serum concentrations were evaluated in 24 healthy subjects of both sexes. Using a 12 month cosine function, a significant circannual rhythm was found in T3, T4 and free T4 whose maximal values were found in September for T3, in August for T4 and in October for free T4. No significant seasonal variations in free T3 or TSH were found. Some circannual but not sinusoidal changes were found for reverse T3 and TBG. A positive linear correlation between T4, T3 and reverse T3 changes was observed, indicating that the sinusoidal oscillations of these hormones were in phase with each other. Relative weight was significantly lower in summer than in winter, though spontaneous caloric intake and physical activity did not change. A slight but significant correlation was found between relative weight and T4, free T4 and reverse T3 values measured during the period of study.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1983

[The role of dietary carbohydrates and proteins in the determination of postprandial insulin requirements, evaluated by artificial pancreas, in type I diabetics].

Aim of this work is to evaluate the relative role of ingested carbohydrates and proteins in determining post-prandial insulin requirement in type I diabetic patients by means of artificial pancreas 5 male diabetics were given two times a day a diet with a high amount of carbohydrates (140g) or with a high amount of proteins (120g) while connected to the Biostator. Basal and post-prandial required insulin was evaluated. Post-prandial insulin requirement after high proteins meals did not appear greater than basal requirement, while insulin requirement after high carbohydrates meals appeared statistically greater than basal requirement. No difference could be observed between insulin requirement after morning (h. 10.00) or afternoon (h. 16.00) meals. These results could be of some help in optimizing the portable infuser-treated diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Biphasic response of insulin secretion to arginine stimulation: daily changes].

8 healthy subjects were infused with arginine at h. 08 and h. 16 of different days in order to observe if some changes occurred in the biphasic insulin response according with the different times of the day. A statistical difference between the two responses could be observed only for the first phase of the insulin response (time 0' - 10'), that appeared greater in the morning. When the insulin areas were plotted against the percentage of Ideal Body Weight an highly statistically significant correlation was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Desynchronization and resynchronization after west-east and east-west transmeridian flight].

Changes of some parameters of circadian rhythms (mesor, amplitude, acrophase) have been studied in healthy students and physicians during a double transmeridian flight : westward (Rome-Jakarta-Ambon Maluku Islands) and eastward direction (Ambon, Rome). In the present study, performed in November-December, both an acute effect of transmeridian flight on different variables particularly the rate of adaptation to local time, and a long-term effect have been studied. The following variables have been measured : 1) oral temperature (T.); 2) systolic blood pressure (S.B.P.); 3) diastolic blood pressure (D.B.P.) by automatic apparatus; 4) a memory test (M.) (a fixed number of playing cards in a fixed time); 5) eye-hand skull (E.H.S.) - the time necessary to order a fixed number of playing cards according to colour and suit; 6) fusion critical frequency (F.C.F.) of retinal vision. Measurements were performed at 4-hour intervals by autorythmometry. In conclusion it is possible to point out in this experience an asymmetry-effect in the adaptation of circadian rhythms according to the direction of flight : in the westward flight the acrophases of T, SBP and EHS approach, within 72 hrs, those previously observed before the beginning of the study, whereas in Jakarta, 24 hrs after the eastward flight the same variables maintain the same acrophases of Rome local time, within the first 24 hrs, and completely adjust to local time within ten day in Ambon.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

[Measurement of energy expenditure through heart rate monitoring].

In studies of energy balance it is of utmost importance to measure with a certain degree of accuracy the energy expenditure. So far the energy cost has been measured by taking accurate diaries of various activities performed during a day. This study tries to find the possibility to measure the energy cost through heart rate, since it is correlated with oxygen consumption. In 17 obese and non obese healthy subjects the relation between oxygen consumption and heart rate has been studied minute by minute during various physical activities. Data show the existence of a very close relationship between the two variables demonstrating that continuous heart rate monitoring (dynamic ECG) may be considered as a valid tool for energy expenditure measurements. Since each subject shows his own linear equation, it is necessary to assess it before the measurement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of scheduling of meal times on the circadian rhythm of energy expenditure].

15 obese subjects were studied under different meal-timing schedules in order to see if meal-timing could affect the circadian pattern of energy expenditure. 4 subjects were given one meal (700 Kcal.) a day at h 10 in the morning (for 3 days) or at h 18 in the afternoon (for another 3 days). 4 subjects were given 3 meals (240 Kcal. each) at h 10, h14, h 18 for 3 days. 7 subjects were kept absolutely fasting for 36 hours. O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured minute by minute for 30' every 4 hours by means of a gas-analyser Mijnardht Oxicon II. Urine Samples were taken every 4 hours for urinary nitrogen determination. Energy expenditure was calculated according to Consolation's formula. Cosinor test was used to detect circadian rhythms. A statistically significative circadian rhythm of energy expenditure could be detected in all the protocols. The observed small differences among acrophases and the overlapping of confidence's ellipses allow to conclude that meal-timing doesn't affect the circadian rhythm of energy expenditure and suggest that this rhythm can be considered endogenous.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The artificial pancreas in the evaluation of insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects].

24-hours peripheral insulin sensitivity was studied in 5 healthy subjects by mean of artificial pancreas (Biostator), using the glycemic clamp technique (100 mg%). A sharp rise of insulin sensitivity (expressed as glucose required/insulin evoked ratio) was obtained in the morning, confirming our previous data observed by insulin tolerance test, but in a more physiological condition. The subjects appeared well synchronized as documented by statistically significant circadian rhythms in both serum cortisol and body temperature.

Adult↗