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Biomedical subjects

F Cambien

Publications and source records attributed to F Cambien.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Combined effects of sex and hypertension on the geometrical design of large arteries. Sexual differences in normal and hypertensive forearm arteries.

The effects of sex, hypertension, morphological status, and heart rate were assessed on the large arteries of 46 normotensive subjects (23 men and 23 women) and 50 hypertensive patients (25 men and 25 women) by means of pulsed Doppler determination of diameter and blood velocity of the brachial artery. Compared with men, women had lower height, weight, and forearm volume (p less than 0.001), higher heart rate (p less than 0.001), and lower brachial artery diameter (p less than 0.001), both in the normotensive and hypertensive groups. Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive patients of the same sex showed an increase in brachial artery diameter (only significant in men [p less than 0.001]) and an increase in heart rate (only significant in women [p less than 0.001]). The multiple regression analysis of brachial artery diameter showed significant coefficients for sex and hypertension (p less than 0.001) and for age and heart rate (p less than 0.05); the multiple regression analysis of blood velocity showed that only coefficient of hypertension was significant (p less than 0.05). The study of first-order interactions between the independent variables revealed that effect of sex on arterial diameter did not depend on the other variables. In contrast, the effects of age and heart rate were influenced by the presence or the absence of hypertension, and arterial caliber was positively related to age in normotensive subjects (p less than 0.05) but not in hypertensive patients and negatively related to heart rate in hypertensive patients (p less than 0.01) but not in normotensive subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Is the level of serum triglyceride a significant predictor of coronary death in "normocholesterolemic" subjects? The Paris Prospective Study.

Since the relation between serum triglyceride level and coronary heart disease after adjustment for cholesterol and other risk factors remains controversial, the authors have tested the hypothesis that it could be different according to the level of serum cholesterol, i.e., that there may be an interaction between cholesterol and triglyceride level in prediction of coronary heart disease risk. The data of the Paris Prospective Study were used to carry out a survival analysis, by using the Cox model, with coronary heart disease death as the end point and triglyceride and different risk factors as the predictor variables. In this study, during a mean follow-up of 11.4 +/- 2.2 years, 157 coronary heart disease deaths occurred. Serum triglyceride level is not an independent predictor of coronary heart disease death after adjustment for serum cholesterol. However, when cholesterol, triglyceride, and their interaction term are introduced in the regression equation, all variables contribute significantly to the risk. This is also true when other risk factors are taken into account. As a consequence of this interaction, among the 3,585 subjects with a serum cholesterol level lower than 220 mg/100 ml, serum triglyceride level is an independent predictor of risk, even after adjustment for all other risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The pattern of subcutaneous fat distribution in middle-aged men and the risk of coronary heart disease: the Paris Prospective Study.

The relationship of subcutaneous fat repartition in a population of 6718 men aged 42-53 employed by the city of Paris with the incidence of coronary heart disease has been studied in the Paris Prospective Study after a follow-up duration of 6.6 years. Fat distribution was described from the measurement of 13 skinfold thicknesses (five on the trunk, four at the triceps level, four at mid-thigh). Principal component analysis of the data disclosed two independent factors which explained most of the total variance of the log measurements: the first one (F1) might be interpreted as a general index of adiposity, the second one (F2) opposed the skinfolds on the trunk to those on the thigh. When men who developed coronary heart disease (CHD) were compared to those who remained free of it, both F1 and F2 differed significantly between the two groups. The combination of F1 and F2 which was the best predictor of CHD in this population (G1) might be interpreted as reflecting trunk adiposity mainly abdominal. Subsequent analysis showed that the combination of F1 and F2 which was statistically independent of G1 (G2) was nearly as correlated with body mass index (BMI) as was G1 (0.49 and 0.59 respectively) but G2 was not a significant predictor of angina pectoris nor myocardial infarction. Moreover mean G2 did not differ between treated diabetics and non-diabetics at entry in the study whereas mean G1 was significantly increased in the former group. Linear correlation coefficients of G2 with systolic blood pressure total cholesterol and triglycerides measured at entry were low (0.08, 0.08, and 0.15 respectively) in comparison with those obtained with G1 (0.26, 0.24 and 0.35 respectively). It is concluded that trunk fat deposit as defined by the G1 index represents the pattern of subcutaneous fat repartition the most tightly associated with CHD complications and their main risk factors in this population of middle-aged men and that it remains a significant CHD predictor after controlling for these factors.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Relation between consumption of alcohol and fatty acids esterifying serum cholesterol in healthy men.

The relation between consumption of alcohol (established by interview), two of its typical markers (gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and mean corpuscular volume), and the composition of fatty acids in plasma cholesterol esters was investigated in an epidemiological study of 1467 actively employed men aged 35-45. In this group of subjects mean consumption of alcohol was 34.6 (SD 25.2) g/day. Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid were positively correlated with consumption of alcohol, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, and mean corpuscular volume, while linoleic acid was negatively correlated with these variables. When these three fatty acids, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, mean corpuscular volume, and the fat content of the diet were introduced into a multivariate regression analysis, with consumption of alcohol as the dependent variable, only palmitoleic acid, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, mean corpuscular volume, and the monounsaturated fat content of the diet remained significant. Palmitoleic acid seems to be an independent correlate of consumption of alcohol and could be useful in epidemiological and clinical studies as a variable of consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Is the relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk dependent on body mass index?

The relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular mortality according to body mass index has been analyzed in two French prospective studies: the Paris Prospective Study, composed of 7,704 men aged 40-53 years examined in 1967-1972, and the Investigations Pré-Cliniques Study, made up of 19,618 men aged 40-69 years who underwent a checkup in 1970-1980. In the Paris Prospective Study, during a mean follow-up of 11.2 years, 241 cardiovascular deaths occurred, while in the Investigations Pré-Cliniques Study, with a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 262 cardiovascular deaths occurred. A Cox survival analysis was performed on the data of each study to test the interaction of blood pressure and body mass index in the prediction of cardiovascular risk. Both analyses demonstrate a significant negative interaction, suggesting that a decreasing trend of the relative risk of cardiovascular death with increasing body mass index is better supported by the data than a constant relative risk. These results might have some bearing on the problem of the management of hypertension in overweight subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Arterial pressure, obesity and fat and alcohol consumption].

The baseline data of 2 500 subjects included in the Paris Prospective Study II were used to explore the relationship between the frequency of hypertension and some variables closely linked to the diet. These variables are: body mass, alcohol consumption and the proportion of linoleic acid (C18:2) in the plasma cholesterol esters; the latter variable being used as a marker of dietary intake of linoleic acid. The results show, after adjustment on age and the presence of an antihypertensive treatment, a significant independent relationship between these factors and the frequency of hypertension. The adjusted relative frequency of hypertension is 1, 1.4 and 2.5 in the tertiles of increasing corpulence; 1, 1.2 and 1.7 in the tertiles of increasing alcohol consumption and 1, 0.6 and 0.8 in the tertiles of increasing C18:2. Furthermore, among the 263 subjects belonging simultaneously to the higher tertiles of corpulence and alcohol consumption and to the two lower tertiles of C18:2, the number of hypertensive subjects is 58 (22 p. 100 whereas among the 2 236 remaining subjects, 164 are hypertensives (7 p. 100). These results suggest that hypertension is frequently linked to dietary factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Do patients with low tension glaucoma have particular cardiovascular characteristics?

It has been suggested that low tension glaucoma (LTG) could be the consequence of a hemodynamic crisis or chronic occlusive disease. The purpose of the present study was to test this hypothesis by comparing three groups of patients matched for age and sex: 51 patients with LTG, 51 patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and 46 control patients. Clinical symptoms and history of occlusive arterial disease and conditions which could be associated with or were the consequence of acute blood pressure lowering were not more frequent in the LTG group. The prevalence of rhythm and conduction abnormalities on the ECG was two times more frequent in the glaucoma groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. Mean cardiovascular risk factor levels were not higher in the LTG group than in the two other groups. But the mean difference of blood pressure between the standing and lying positions was significantly greater in the LTG group (systolic blood pressure: -6.9 mm Hg) than in the OAG group (-1.2 mm HG) and the control group (-1.5 mm Hg). These results suggest that postural hypotension could play a role in the pathogenesis of LTG.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Relationship between obesity and arterial hypertension].

The statistical correlation between obesity and essential hypertension is well established. The beneficial effect of weight reduction and the detrimental effect of weight gain on blood pressure have also been repeatedly demonstrated. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this correlation are still obscure, but various hypotheses, which sometimes favour different types of diet, have been put forward. Some studies suggest that energy restriction and salt restriction might have independent beneficial effects. Furthermore, the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity are often improved by diet, whereas antihypertensive drugs may have deleterious effects. It would be of interest to know whether blood pressure response to diet is dependent upon the type of obesity. Controlled clinical trials comparing the effects of drugs and diet are highly desirable.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The Paris Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevention Trial. Effects of two years of intervention in a population of young men.

The Paris Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevention Trial was designed to determine whether individualised intervention could induce a reduction in the coronary risk factor levels in young men. Three thousand three hundred and thirty-six men aged 25 to 35, working in the 160 sections of a large Parisian administration, were examined. The section were randomly allocated to a control and an intervention group. Advice concerning diet, cigarette smoking, and physical activity was provided repeatedly to the subjects in the intervention group. Two years after the first intervention, the first 1292 subjects who entered the study, whether from the intervention or the control group, were recalled; 86% of the intervention group and 84% of the control group responded. The changes in weight, blood pressure, and cigarette smoking in the intervention group, corrected for changes in the control group, were respectively -0.4 kg (p = 0.06), -1.4 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), and -1.2 cigarettes (p less than 0.01). There was no difference between the two groups in serum cholesterol change. Most of these results concerning young men are in agreement with recently reported results of community intervention programmes in middle-aged men.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Analysis of the results of the trial where groups have been randomized. The Paris cardiovascular prevention trial (author's transl)].

In a prevention trial, when the randomised units are groups of subjects, the first step in the analysis of the results is to check whether the groups differ, for the variables under study, ie, to test a possible group effect. If this effect is not significant, the results are analysed as if the subjects had been randomised. On the other hand, it this effect is significant, the comparison must be carried out between the groups and no more between the subjects. In the latter case, the loss of efficiency of the randomization of groups instead of the randomization of subjects can be computed. When a group effect is present and the number of subjects in each group differs, the analysis is considerably more complex. In the Paris cardiovascular prevention trial, 160 groups of young men, with variable numbers of subjects in each group have been randomised. The change in weight, blood cholesterol and cigarette consumption after two years of intervention are analysed in the present paper with the methodological principles mentioned above.

Adult↗