Sports activity, paternal history, and the risk of coronary-heart disease.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Coronary Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
F Cambien
Publications and source records attributed to F Cambien.
Coronary heart disease in middle-aged Frenchmen. Comparisons between Paris Prospective Study, Seven Countries Study, and Pooling Project.
A systematic comparison was made of the incidence rates of major coronary heart disease (CHD), defined as fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and probable CHD deaths, observed in the Paris Prospective Study, the European and American cohorts of the Seven Countries Study, and the populations of the Pooling Project. The Paris study results were adjusted to the age-distribution and follow-up duration of the other studies. The major CHD incidence rate in the Paris study proved to be intermediate between those observed in Northern and Southern European populations and half to one-third those observed in the American populations. Mean risk-factor levels were of the same order of magnitude as in the whole European group and were lower than in the Pooling Project population, particularly for cholesterol and smoking. The coefficients of risk factors in the multivariate analysis of risk among the four studies showed similar gradients of risk except for a steeper gradient with smoking in the Paris Prospective Study. After adjustment to the risk-factor levels, major CHD incidence in the Paris study was comparable with that in the European population but lower than those in the U.S. Railroad population (ratio of predicted numbers of cases=1.56) and the pooling project population (ratio of predicted numbers of cases=2.24).
Adult↗
[Familial history of coronary heart diseases and high blood pressure in relation to the prevalence of risk factors, and the incidence of coronary heart diseases. The Paris Prospective Study (author's transl)].
In the Paris Prospective Study, 7 484 men from the same professional group, 43 to 54 years old, have been followed for six and a half years. The incidence of coronary heart diseases (CHD) has been studied among those free of CHD at entry, in relation to parental history of CHD and high blood pressure (HBP), obtained by interview. In the presence of paternal history of CHD, the relative risk is 1.5, and in the presence of paternal history of HBP, the relative risk is 2 (after exclusion of the subjects with HBP). The following risk factors: age, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, and cigarette smoking can explain but a small part of the higher risk. Maternal history of CHD or HBP is not associated with a higher risk. It is shown that the "classical" risk factors, paternal history of CHD, and paternal history of HPB all contribute independently to the risk of CHD. The simultaneous presence of the last two is associated with a relative risk of 3.
Cholesterol↗
Total serum cholesterol and cancer mortality in a middle-aged male population.
The assessment of total cholesterol level as a risk factor for cancer mortality was studied from data of the Paris Prospective Study of Coronary Heart Disease. A total of 7603 French male government employees aged 43-52 years were followed for an average of 6.6 years. One hunderd and thirty-four cancer deaths were registered with a mean survival time of 4.9 +/- 2.9 years. At entry in the study, future cancer cases were older than survivors and had a lower corpulence index and lower cholesterol value (212 vs 223 mg/100 ml, SD = 43 mg/100 ml) than those of survivors. The intitial cholesterol level did not differ significantly among cancer sites. The mean cholesterol value increased steadily with survival time (p < 0.02) and reached the mean survivors level in men with survival time longer than seven years. Longitudinal cholesterol measurements obtained among 81% of future cancer cases showed a mean decrease, after an average of 3.0 years, comparable to the one estimated from croos-sectional data. The association between low cholesterol and cancer mortality during a period up to seven years before death is not likely to represent an etiologic link but in all probability reflects the advance of the clinical course of cancer.
Cholesterol↗
[Estimation of coronary disease mortality and morbidity in France from epidemiological data].
The incidence of coronary heart diseases in France is estimated from three sources of information. Mortality statistics underestimate the number of deaths from coronary heart diseases. An evaluation of this number is proposed, but with a rather important lack of precision; for example, between 10 and 20% of male mortality between age 45 and 64. These French coronary death rates are inferior to those of numerous other European or Anglo-Saxon countries, but are comparable with those of some mediterranean countries. The incidence of coronary heart diseases measured in the Paris Prospective Study is inferior by half to that of the Framingham Study and is also inferior to those of several male populations from the 7 Countries Study, in the same age limits. Three French registers give similar results about the incidence of acute myocardial infarction. This incidence is equal to the lower limit of those measured in 21 foreign registers. These concording data suggest that the incidence of coronary heart diseases is relatively moderate in France. Etiological hypotheses are planned and the interest in a surveillance of French sanitary data is reminded.
Adult↗
[Tobacco, mortality and morbidity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases--a prospective study in Paris].
In the Paris Prospective Study, after a 6,5 year follow-up, mortality and atherosclerotic disease incidence are studied according to the tobacco consumption measured at entry among 7746 middle-aged men in the same administrative group. Mortality is 3 times higher among smokers; the excess mortality of smokers concerns particularly cancers, especially cancers of the upper part of the digestive tube or lung cancers and coronary heart disease. The incidences of leg atherosclerosis and of hard coronary diseases increase very much with the quantity smoked and inhaled. The cigarette consumption is linked with the development of coronary diseases independently of other risk factors; it is taken into account in a five risk factor combination which gives the best estimation of individual risk of future disease. The theoretical effects of the reduction of cigarette consumption on the individual risk or on the incidence of coronary diseases are given. A multifactorial prevention with a small reduction of the level of several risk factors might reduce that incidence in the population.
Administrative Personnel↗
Family resemblance in body circumferences and their ratios: the Nancy family study.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the familial resemblance for individual body circumferences (suprailiac, waist, thigh and arm) and for the waist/suprailiac (as surrogate for the waist/hip) and the waist/thigh circumference ratios, in a sample of 216 unselected nuclear families with children aged 10-25 years. Familial correlations were jointly computed, using the maximum-likelihood method. The highest familial resemblance was observed for the waist circumference and for the waist/suprailiac and the waist/thigh circumference ratios. There was no significant difference between father-offspring and mother-offspring correlations when considering individual body circumferences. In contrast, when considering the two ratios there was a stronger mother-child than father-child similarity. Furthermore, there was a higher resemblance of the mother with her daughter than with her son, but no significant sib sex difference in the father-offspring relationship. There was also a heterogeneity of sibling correlations for the two ratios, the like-sex pairs exhibiting higher correlations than the unlike-sex pairs. Lastly, the similarity observed between spouses, of similar magnitude to the father-offspring correlation, suggests the contribution of environmental rather than genetic factors for explaining the familial resemblance of the two ratios. In conclusion, the great family resemblance for the waist/suprailiac and the waist/thigh circumference ratios (correlations ranging from 0.23 to 0.68) appears remarkable, and should be taken in consideration, given the predictive value of these indices for disease in adulthood.
Adolescent↗
Prazosin does not alter levels of plasma lipids, glucose, and insulin.
In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study involving 15 mild hypertensive patients, the effects of prazosin (5.7 mg/day) and placebo on plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin were compared. After 5 weeks of treatment, prazosin had not significantly altered the mean levels of plasma cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides in the high-density lipoprotein or low-density lipoprotein plus very low-density lipoprotein subfractions. Fasting and postload plasma levels of glucose and insulin were also unaffected.
Adult↗
Body mass, blood pressure, glucose, and lipids. Does plasma insulin explain their relationships?
Obesity, hypertension, a high plasma level of glucose, and some lipid abnormalities (high plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides) often occur in the same individuals. Some authors have postulated that the elevated levels of plasma insulin in obese individuals may explain this association. To explore this hypothesis further, the relationships between body mass index, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, blood pressure, serum lipids, and apoproteins were investigated in a group of 2144 healthy middle-aged men. Analysis of the data show that the associations between body mass index and blood pressure or lipid variables are largely independent of plasma glucose and insulin. Plasma glucose is strongly related to blood pressure in nonobese subjects. Plasma insulin is not associated with blood pressure independently of body mass index and plasma glucose; however, the simultaneous elevation of body mass index, plasma glucose, and insulin is strongly associated with blood pressure. The results also confirm that plasma insulin is positively related to triglycerides and negatively related to high density lipoprotein cholesterol independently of plasma glucose and body mass index.
Age Factors↗
[Mortality in cerebrovascular diseases and alcoholism in France].
The french mortality rates due to alcoholism and cerebrovascular disease and occurring between the ages of 35 and 64 years were calculated in the french population split in 210 groups from 21 different regions and belonging to 10 different occupational categories. A close correlation was observed between these two causes of deaths: categories with a high rate of death from alcoholism also had a high rate of death from cerebrovascular diseases. The high level of alcohol consumption in France suggests that the 1 to 15 difference observed between different socio-regional categories should be investigated and reduced.
Adult↗
[Cell adhesion molecules and pharmacologic applications. Round Table No 3 at Giens XIII].
This workshop intended to perform a "state-of-the art" of current research on adhesion molecules in various pathophysiologies, and to determine pharmacological targets. Indeed, recent important progress concerning the cellular and molecular physiology of adhesion molecules led to the development of various integrin antagonists in several domains, like cardiovascular disease, inflammation and cancer. Integrins play a major role in numerous process like embryonic development, tumor growth and metastasis, apoptosis, hemostasis, leucocyte recruitment and activation, and bone resorption. The development of integrin antagonists is well advanced in the cardiovascular domain, since the first marketed drug (abciximax, Reopro) is an antibody directed against the GPIIb/IIIa complex (integrin alpha IIb/beta 3) involved in the final pathway of platelet aggregation. Another active domain of research in pharmacology is 'cardioprotection', i.e. the prevention of cardiac damages induced by the reperfusion of the coronary bed after an ischemia secondary to thrombolysis, angioplasty, of coronary bypass. The pharmacological targets of these antagonists are integrins involved in various process like leucocyte and platelet adhesion and endothelial function. Other potential indications in the cardiovascular field are restenosis after angioplasty, and atherosclerosis.
Cardiovascular Diseases↗