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Biomedical subjects

F Borchard

Publications and source records attributed to F Borchard.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Monoclonal antibody 2B5 defines a truncated O-glycan, GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6 (GalNAc), on mucins from deep gastric and duodenal glands as well as metaplasia and neoplasia of gastric differentiation.

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2B5 previously generated in BALB/c mice using gastric mucosa of the corpus as immunogen was characterized with regard to its binding epitope. Binding assays on structurally defined neoglycolipids from mucin glycans revealed that MAb 2B5 recognizes a carbohydrate epitope on a neutral O-glycan sequence from gastric mucins. This oligosaccharide chain has been characterized by mass spectrometry and methylation analysis and sequential exoglycosidase treatment of the derived neoglycolipid as GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6OY (where 6OY corresponds to the GalNAc-ol fragment--O--(CH2)2 conjugated to dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine). The selective binding of MAb 2B5 to mucus from deep gastric and duodenal glands, to gastric metaplasia or neoplasia with gastric differentiation may imply that mucin glycosylation in the respective cells is incomplete resulting in the accumulation of truncated blood group precursor chains. MAb 2B5 is the first monoclonal antibody which defines an epitope on M2-type antigens and may substitute, accordingly, for the inconvenient "paradoxical concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase method" in histochemistry.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. A flow cytometric study of paraffin-embedded specimens.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of tumor DNA ploidy in patients with cancer of the pancreas has not been defined because conflicting results have been reported. METHODS: DNA content was measured in 56 ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas. DNA ploidy status was evaluated by flow cytometry in nuclei isolated from paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. RESULTS: An abnormal DNA stemline was observed in 27 (48%) patients. The percentage of aneuploid tumors was significantly increased in tumors classified as Stage III/IV (53%) compared with those classified as Stage I (22%). A borderline significant association existed between DNA ploidy and radicality of surgery (P = 0.08). The median survival of patients with diploid carcinomas was 6.9 months (standard error, +/- 0.9) in comparison to 4.5 +/- 1.2 months for patients with aneuploid tumors (P = 0.013 by generalized Wilcoxon test; P = 0.023 by generalized Savage test). Although a selection bias cannot be excluded, survival of patients with a radical resection was longer than that of patients with a nonradical resection (P = 0.0008 and P = 0.0085, respectively). In addition, presence of distant metastasis (P = 0.0006 [Wilcoxon test] and P = 0.033 [Savage test]) could be identified as a prognostic factor. In a Cox regression model, results of surgery and DNA ploidy were independent prognostic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Because DNA ploidy has a significant impact on prognosis in pancreatic cancer, it should be used as a variable for stratified randomization of patients in therapeutic trials.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

In situ evaluation of the relationship between epidermal-growth-factor-receptor status and tumor-cell proliferation in colon carcinomas.

The association between the expression of the epidermal-growth-factor receptor (EGFR) and tumor proliferation was studied in 69 resected human adenocarcinomas of the colon. EGFR was detected immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) EGFRI. Tumor-cell proliferation was assessed with the MAb Ki-67 directed against a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen expressed only in proliferating cells. The percentage of Ki-67-positive tumor cells (Ki-67 index) was evaluated by the point-counting method. Forty-seven carcinomas contained detectable EGFR immunoreactivity. Statistical analysis failed to reveal correlations between the EGFR status and T, N and M stages or tumor differentiation. The mean Ki-67 index did not differ between EGFR-positive and -negative carcinomas. Seven tumors contained clearly distinguishable areas with different EGFR staining intensity. In these tumors with a locally heterogeneous EGFR expression, tumor proliferation also did not correlate with EGFR immunoreactivity. These in situ observations suggest that EGFR expression may not play an important role in the growth regulation of human colonic carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

pS2 protein in gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa: association with clincopathological parameters and patient survival.

The presence of pS2 protein (pS2) was studied in a total of 120 consecutive patients with gastric carcinomas. This immunohistochemical study found pS2 expression in 48 per cent (n = 58) of carcinomas. pS2 expression was also detected in normal gastric mucosa in 95 per cent (n = 102) of specimens in upper antral mucopeptic glands and deep foveolar cells of the gastric pits but not in intestinal metaplasia. There was a significant statistical correlation between pS2 expression and extent of tumour growth (pT state) and expression of pepsinogen II by the tumours. There was no statistical correlation with clinical features such as patient age or sex or other pathological parameters (tumour stage, size, grade, and localization or growth pattern according to histological classification). There were no statistically significant differences in survival times between patients with pS2-positive and pS2-negative tumours. In contrast to findings concerning breast cancer, pS2 expression in gastric carcinomas had no influence on the patient's prognosis. On the other hand, strong expression of pS2 by surface epithelium of normal gastric mucosa may indicate that pS2 might play a role in physiological cell renewal of normal gastric mucosa.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1993

Histogenetical investigations on adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction. An immunohistochemical study.

The presence of Pepsinogen II (PG II), gastral mucin (2B5), CA 19-9, BW 494 and Cytokeratin 20 (CK 20) was investigated in 69 adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction (15 carcinomas in Barrett's esophagus, 9 distal esophageal carcinomas, 31 carcinomas of the cardia and 14 subcardial carcinomas). Evidence of gastric differentiation (expression of Pepsinogen II and/or gastric mucin) was found in more than 50% of the Barrett's carcinomas and the carcinomas of the cardia, but only in 20% of the subcardial carcinomas. High rates of antigen expression were found for the "intestinal" markers CA 19-9 (between 55.5% and 100%) and BW 494 (between 42.9 and 86.7%). CK-20 expression was detected to a significantly higher degree in Barrett's carcinomas (73.3%) than in the other groups (between 29% and 44.4%). These data indicate that the distribution of adenocarcinomas with gastric and/or intestinal differentiation at the esophagogastric junction forms a continuum without clear-cut borders.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenomas with gastric epithelial differentiation.

We present two rare cases of retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenomas (RMC) by clinical data, light microscopy, electron microscopy, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. Both tumors occurred in women. We excluded attachment to any organ. Additional immunohistochemical examinations were performed for comparison in 10 cases of ovarian mucinous cystadenomas (OMC). Both RMC showed no significant immunohistochemical differences from the OMC. Ultrastructurally and histologically the RMC resemble OMC reported in the literature. Immunohistologically, we proved gastric epithelial differentiation by using one monoclonal antibody (2B5) recognizing gastric mucin and one polyclonal antibody against pepsinogen II (PG II). In spite of this, the histogenesis of RMC in the presented cases in the end remains uncertain.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Influence of preoperative radiotherapy on DNA ploidy in squamous cell carcinomas of the oesophagus.

The influence of preoperative radiotherapy on the prevalence of DNA aneuploidy and the prognostic significance of tumour DNA ploidy was evaluated in 126 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. Preoperative radiotherapy with 30 Gy was performed in 52 patients. DNA ploidy was analysed by flow cytometry on nuclei isolated from paraffin embedded tumour tissue. DNA aneuploidy was identified in 75 tumours (61%) and found to correlate significantly with tumour stage. The percentage of aneuploid carcinomas was significantly reduced by preoperative radiotherapy (surgery only group, 71%; radiotherapy group, 47%, p = 0.01). Although the median survival time was slightly better in the diploid than in the aneuploid group (11.3 and 8.0 months respectively), this difference was not statistically significant. A curative tumour resection was the most important prognostic factor. Preoperative radiotherapy did not prolong survival in oesophageal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Duodenal duplication cyst--a rare cause of acute recurrent pancreatitis].

We report on a 42-year-old male patient who has been treated over a period of five years because of acute relapsing pancreatitis. The diagnoses of viral pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst, and choledochal cyst type III (choledochocele) have been erroneously made. The clinical and laboratory findings over this period are presented, compared with one another, and analyzed. The correct diagnosis of a duodenal duplication cyst filled with multiple calculi and lying within the lumen of the duodenum could not be established until intraoperative findings and histological examinations were completed. The pathogenesis of relapsing acute pancreatitis associated with duodenal duplication cyst filled with multiple calculi is proposed, based on the analysis of these findings and the literature review.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Expression of transforming growth factor-alpha in gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa cells.

The presence of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) was studied in a total of 120 consecutive patients with gastric carcinomas. This immunohistochemical study found TGF-alpha expression in 60% (n = 72) of carcinomas. It also was detected in normal gastric epithelial mucosa in 36% (n = 43) of specimens. There was no significant statistical correlation between TGF-alpha expression and clinical features (e.g., patient age and sex) or pathologic features (e.g., tumor stage, grade, and localization or growth pattern according to an earlier histologic classification). Expression of TGF-alpha by these tumor cells had no influence on prognosis. It was neither a histopathologic marker of high malignancy nor a useful prognostic tool. It had no influence on the invasive growth pattern of gastric carcinoma.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Cardiac myxoma with a cytokeratin-immunoreactive glandular component.

This study documents the expression of cytokeratin intermediate filaments (IFs) in a surgically excised glandular atrial myxoma. The glandular structures showed also positivity for carcinoembryonic antigen. Typical isolated or cordlike myxoma cells contained vimentin IFs. Positivity for von Willebrand factor was detected in cells lining deep invaginations of surface papillae and vascular channels. Bundles of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts scattered throughout the myxoid matrix synthesized the isoform of alpha-actin specific for smooth muscle.

Heart Atria↗
PubMed1992

[The size of the liver metastases in a low metastatic count. A quantitative study of postmortem livers].

In this postmortem study 34 livers with one or few "large" metastases (greater than 1 cm) were investigated for the presence of synchronous "small" metastases (less than 1 cm). A total of 671 metastases were investigated morphometrically. Of these, 134 were large and 537 were small according to the given definitions. The relation of large to small metastases was 1:4 and turned out to be relatively constant in most cancer types, except for colorectal cancers. The latter showed a relation of 1:1.6 which is more favourable for the detection of occult small secondaries. The results are discussed in the view of the preoperative diagnosis of liver metastases.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1992

Association of Crohn's disease and multiple sclerosis. Is there a common background?

Crohn's disease (CD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) share familial occurrence and similar epidemiological traits. Apart from one report of both diseases occurring among consanguineous relatives, only three cases of CD and MS in the same patient have thus far been described. We describe here a 29-year-old woman in whom MS developed in 1983 and CD in 1989. The MS may have been the result of a strongly HLA-associated genetic predisposition, while the additional development of CD may have been due either to genetic factors or perhaps simply to chance. Viewing this case in the context of epidemiological data, however, we suggest that the development of CD and MS is based on one or more common genetic factors acting in conjunction with other presumably exogenous factors and triggering HLA antigens to lead to one disease or the other.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of antioxidants and free radical scavengers in three different models of acute pancreatitis.

The present studies were done to evaluate the therapeutic potential of several antioxidants and free radical scavengers in three different models of acute pancreatitis. (a) Edematous pancreatitis with acinar cells necrosis was induced by seven hourly intraperitoneal injections of 50 micrograms of caerulein per kg in mice. (b) Hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced by feeding a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet in mice. (c) Hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced by retrograde infusion of 0.6 ml of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct in rats. The following antioxidants and free radical scavengers were given at various doses intravenously, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally before the onset of pancreatitis: Ebselen [2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one], superoxide dismutase, catalase, deferoxamine (Desferal), dimethyl sulfoxide, or allopurinol. The severity of pancreatitis was assessed at various times after its onset by determination of serum amylase and pancreatic weight (edema), by grading of histological alterations, and by determination of survival (survival determined in models of hemorrhagic pancreatitis). In general, free radical scavengers and antioxidants ameliorated edema and inflammation to a greater degree than necrosis and the increase in serum amylase. Superoxide dismutase (as did Ebselen in previous studies) exerted beneficial effects on survival in diet-induced pancreatitis in the absence of marked effects on pancreatic necrosis, suggesting that these beneficial effects are due to amelioration of extrapancreatic complications that often contribute to mortality in acute pancreatitis. None of the antioxidants had major beneficial effects in taurocholate-induced hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Thus, formation of free radicals may be important for progression and outcome in diet-induced and, to a lesser degree, in caerulein-induced pancreatitis but not at all in taurocholate-induced pancreatitis. Different models of pancreatitis may, therefore, involve different degrees and mechanisms of free radical formation. Despite the amelioration of edema and the beneficial effects on mortality seen for some antioxidants in some of the models, antioxidants and free radical scavengers appear to have only a limited potential for treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

DNA aneuploidy in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: results of a comparative flow cytometric study.

DNA ploidy and S-phase fractions were assessed by flow cytometry in colonic biopsy specimens from 28 patients with ulcerative colitis and 51 with Crohn's disease. Whereas only diploid DNA histograms were found in Crohn's disease and control subjects, three patients with ulcerative colitis exhibited DNA aneuploidy. In one case, aneuploidy was associated with low grade dysplasia. S-phase fractions were higher in ulcerative colitis (mean (SD) 17.8 (7.7)%) than in Crohn's disease (13.1 (4.6)%) or control subjects (14.2 (4.6)%), but did not correlate with either disease activity or duration in any group. In this study, aneuploidy was associated exclusively with ulcerative colitis, even in the absence of dysplasia. In view of the epidemiological differences in malignant colonic transformation between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, this study suggests that flow cytometry may help to identify individuals with an increased cancer risk in ulcerative colitis.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1992

[Spontaneous renal artery dissection].

The clinical clues of sudden arterial hypertension, acute pain in the side, proteinuria, hematuria, abdominal bruits and renal failure are suspicious for spontaneous dissection of the renal arteries, even in the absence of one or more of the above-mentioned symptoms. To confirm the diagnosis and to provide appropriate therapy, immediate renal arteriography is mandatory, otherwise acute loss of renal tissue may occur. We report on one patient with spontaneous dissection of the renal arteries.

Aortic Dissection↗