[Contribution to quantitative morphology of the islands of Langerhans in premature newborn and newborn infants].
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Blood Group Incompatibility↗
Biomedical subjects
F Borchard
Publications and source records attributed to F Borchard.
Differences between transmitter depletion in human heart hypertrophy and experimental cardiac hypertrophy in Goldblatt rats.
The transmitter depletion of the myocardium in hypertrophy and especially insufficiency has formerly been attributed to a decrease of certain enzymes that are involved in the neurotransmitter synthesis. However, we could show in human auricles recently that one main reason for the catecholamine depletion is the distension of the adrenergic ground plexus in the course of hypertrophy of the myocardial muscle cells. At the same time, electron microscope investigations revealed various changes of the axonal ultrastructure, especially in heart insufficiency. Additional experimental work in renal hypertension of rats should answer the question whether this process occurs also in other parts of the heart and whether it can be followed sequentially during the development of hypertension. In this preliminary report about these studies, attention is drawn to focal transmitter depletion in areas of severe vascular necrosis and inflammation, especially in the right ventricular wall. During the first three months after the beginning of the experiment, the total noradrenaline content decreased only slightly, whereas the concentration of this transmitter is lowered significantly by myocardial growth in both ventricles. It is concluded that there are essential differences between hypertrophy in experimental renal hypertension and human cardiac hypertrophy.
Adrenergic Fibers↗
The prognostic value of S-phase fraction in preoperative radiotherapy of rectal cancer.
The aim of this study was to analyze the flow cytometric S-phase fraction (SPF) in rectal tumors before and after preoperative radiotherapy (15x2 Gy) and to compare the findings to the clinical outcome. Archival specimens from 84 cases, treated from 1980 to 1988 with S-phase data and complete follow-up were reviewed. There was no significant correlation between SPF and clinicopathological factors. The median SPF for the 26 diploid tumors before irradiation was 6.6%+/-3.1, compared to a significantly higher median for the 58 preirradiated aneuploid tumors (20.3%+/-6.1; p<0.0001). With a median follow-up of 6 years, there was a significant difference in the number of recurrences for aneuploid tumors with a pretreatment SPF < and >20.3 (51.7% vs. 20.7%; p=0.029), which also led to a significant difference in recurrence-free survival (p=0.05). For diploid tumors, a reduction in the percentage of cells in S-phase after radiation resulted in a borderline significant lower number of recurrences (p=0.06). It is concluded that pretreatment S-phase measurements may be of predictive value especially for aneuploid tumors. An alteration in SPF after radiotherapy may also be helpful in predicting outcome and planning therapy.
Adult↗
Telomerase activity in long-standing ulcerative colitis.
Telomerase activity is frequently associated with neoplasia. It is a ribonucleoprotein capable of replacing telomeric DNA sequences that are lost at each cell division. Neoplastic progression in chronic ulcerative colitis is characterized by the development of epithelial dysplasia which is accompanied by genetic alterations. Therefore we tested telomerase activity in 128 biopsy samples of four colectomy specimens with long-standing ulcerative pancolitis by using the Telomerase PCR ELISA System. In three patients with multiple dysplastic or carcinomatous lesions, telomerase activity was detected in 22 samples with a regional association to dysplastic or carcinomatous areas. 15 of the samples with telomerase activity (68%) were found in dysplastic/carcinomatous samples or in the direct vicinity of dysplastic areas, 4 (18%), 2 positions (about 4 cm) and the remaining three (14%) not more than 3 positions away from such areas. In the fourth patient, resected because of clinical deterioration despite medical treatment and who had no dysplastic lesions, no telomerase activity was detected. These results show that telomerase activity might be used as a complementary marker to histology for the identification of patients with ulcerative colitis who are at an increased risk for neoplastic progression.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
Gastric carcinoma after surgical treatment for benign ulcer disease: some pathologic-anatomic aspects.
The study presents the autopsy findings on 55 patients with carcinoma of the operated stomach. This figure corresponds to a proportion of about 0.12% of the total number of autopsies (46,593) in the period under review (1950-1982), and of about 7.24% of the overall number of gastric carcinoma patients autopsied during that period. The male:female ratio was 5.1:1. The average "free interval" until the manifestation of cancer was 22.6 years after Billroth II resection, 23.4 years after Billroth I resection, and 34.4 years in the case of patients upon whom gastroenteroanastomosis had been performed without resection. The older the patient was at the time of the operation, the shorter was the interval before the occurrence of gastric cancer. In the majority of cases the carcinoma was localized in the gastric stump (65.4%), whereas in a quarter of the cases (25.5%) the carcinoma occurred in the area of the anastomosis itself, and in 9.1% of cases it was localized in the region of the cardia. Histologic classification of the tumors revealed 52.7% as being predominantly of the intestinal type, and 38.2% as being predominantly of the diffuse type. The organs most frequently affected by direct tumor infiltration "per continuitatem" were the pancreas (18.2%), liver (16.4%) and colon transversum (14.6%). The lymph nodes most often affected were the paragastric (63.6%) and parapancreatic lymph nodes (49.1%), those at the porta hepatic (38.2%) and the para-aortal (34.6%) lymph nodes. Haematogenous metastases were found most frequently in the liver (30.9%), skeletal system (16.4%), adrenal gland (10.9%) and lung (9.1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
[Endoscopic and histological findings in the upper gastrointestinal tract of patients with Crohn's disease].
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Adolescent↗
Early development of experimental biliary pancreatitis and its amelioration by CCK-receptor blockade.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Development of pancreatitis has extensively been studied in models using CDE-diet and cerulein. This study analyzes early alterations and effects of CCK-receptor blockade in a model of biliary pancreatitis which better reflects the pathogenesis of human pancreatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The common part of the bile and pancreatic duct was surgically ligated in fed rats which were allowed to recover. The CCK-antagonist CR1409 at 10 mg/kg or 0.9% NaCl was s.c. given every 6 hours. Morphological alterations were quantified by histological grading. Biochemical evidence of pancreatitis was assessed by determination of amylase concentrations in serum and ascites. A bioassay was used to determine plasma cholecystokinin. RESULTS: Ligation of the common bile and pancreatic duct caused an increase in serum amylase, development of ascites with high amylase concentrations, and morphological evidence of pancreatitis without major mortality. Electron microscopy showed early loss of microvilli and defects in basal lamina representing initial stages of duct ruptures. Early ultrastructural damage to acini included multiple vacuoles, peripheral loss of density of ("targetoid") zymogen granules and dilatation of RER. Acinar vacuolization, edema, hemorrhage and necrosis mainly occurred in areas neighboring the ducts. Duct ligation was associated with a significant increase in plasma CCK. The CCK-antagonist significantly reduced the biochemical and morphological severity of obstructive pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Obstruction of the common channel of the bile and pancreatic ducts results in transient mild to moderate acute pancreatitis and in an increase in plasma CCK. Since CCK-receptor blockade ameliorated the severity of pancreatitis it is likely that increased plasma CCK plays a contributory or permissive role in pancreatitis caused by duct obstruction.
Animals↗