Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F Avni

Publications and source records attributed to F Avni.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Imaging of the female pelvis in adolescence].

The aim of this chapter is to familiarize the radiologists with the evolutive morphological features of the female genital apparatus, as it can be seen during the puberty, and to view the pathologies panel which may occur in ths period of life. This chapter is going to illustrate the morphological sonographic modifications from the childhood to the adolescence, emphasing the signs of pubertal maturation (uterus and ovaries shape, size and vascularization). Through clinical signs (delayed sexual maturation, primary or secondary amenorrhea, menstrual dysfunction, acute, cyclic, chronic pelvic pain and pelvic mass) the different pathologies are viewed, illustrating the important role of ultrasonography, but not an exclusive role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Unusual findings in two cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis.

We report unusual findings in two patients with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH), namely a cervical mass lesion with extensive destruction of the posterior elements of a cervical vertebra and gastrointestinal lesions as part of multisystem involvement. The aim of our report is threefold. Firstly, LCH can be responsible for osteolysis of the vertebral posterior arches, with or without involvement of the vertebral body, and should be included in the differential diagnoses of cervical mass lesions. Secondly, in a patient with confirmed LCH and additional protein-losing enteropathy, gastrointestinal involvement should be considered as a possibility since it is an important factor for establishing prognosis. Thirdly, LCH lesions can be very extensive and yet have a good response to therapy, whereas less spectacular lesions may not respond or respond only partially to therapy. Thus, an important factor in establishing prognosis is the presence of multisystem involvement at diagnosis, regardless of the extent of a lesion at a particular site.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

Hepatic regenerating nodules: a mimic of recurrent cancer in children.

BACKGROUND: Pseudometastatic lesions of the liver may be discovered incidentally in children previously treated for malignant tumour. OBJECTIVE: To describe the radiological pattern of these lesions and to analyse their pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine children, 2-12 years' old at the time of diagnosis, are described in this retrospective multicentre report. The primary tumours were: nephroblastoma (n = 2), neuroblastoma (n = 2), Ewing's tumour/PNET (n = 2), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 1), and osteosarcoma (n = 2), treated by surgery (8/9), chemotherapy (9/9), intensive chemotherapy and bone-marrow transplantation (5/9), and radiotherapy (7/9). Three children suffered veno-occlusive disease (VOD) during treatment. The hepatic assessment was performed by sonography (8/9), Doppler (7/9), multiphase spiral CT (8/9) and MRI (7/9). RESULTS: Lesions were discovered 15 months to 16 years after completing treatment. CT was the most sensitive modality for diagnosis. Lesions were multiple in eight cases, measured 2-50 mm, and appeared hypervascular on the arterial phase of CT and/or MRI in every case. Metastases were excluded on the basis of histological verification (n = 2) and clinical and radiological follow-up. CONCLUSION: Pseudometastatic hypervascular hepatic nodules can appear after treatment of a malignant tumour in children. The hypothesis of benign regenerative lesions secondary to treatment and/or VOD is considered.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Renal sinus hyperechogenicity in acute pyelonephritis: description and pathological correlation.

This paper reports on the association between renal sinus hyperechogenicity and acute pyelonephritis. The medical records and imaging studies of 18 children displaying this pattern were retrospectively studied. Thickening of the renal pelvis and renal enlargement were the most frequent associated sonographic abnormalities. Further subtle findings can be found on sonography and colour/power Doppler. Their identification can help in the diagnostic approach to acute pyelonephritis and may obviate the need for other imaging modalities such as enhanced CT or 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy. Renal sinus hyperechogenicity was also identified in a parallel study performed in female rabbits with experimental pyelonephritis and was shown, histologically, to be related to exudates of fibrin and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, interstitial oedema and micro-abscesses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Persistence of pulmonary lesions in a 6-year-old boy with type I Gaucher's disease treated by alglucerase since the age of 20 months].

BACKGROUND: Gaucher's disease is a serious disorder which becomes curable by bone marrow transplantation. Enzyme replacement therapy has permitted improvement in quality of life and has been shown to decrease the disease's progression. OBSERVATION: A 6-year-old boy was treated by alglucerase (Ceredase) since the age of 20 months. He presented at that time a failure to thrive, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly and bone involvement. The lung X-rays revealed a diffuse reticulonodular pattern. After 4 years and 5 months, there was an improvement of growth and hepatosplenomegaly, associated with hematological parameters and bone changes normalization. However, an important interstitial syndrome without clinical signs persisted. CONCLUSION: In our patient it is impossible to note the difference between pulmonary disease from fibrotic origin and pulmonary involvement by Gaucher's cells accumulation.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Fetal endocardial fibroelastosis: ultrasonographic findings in two cases.

EFE is a rare cardiac disorder with poor prognosis and uncertain cause. Primary and secondary forms have been described. Most authors consider that all EFE is secondary--a reactive process set off in the endocardium by stress on the myocardium. We report two cases representing the primary dilated form and the secondary contracted form. The dilated form was associated with intracavitary thrombus of the left ventricle. In both cases, an unusual presence of subendocardial calcifications was noted. The ultrasonographic findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Disappearing suprarenal masses in fetuses and infants.

This paper presents 12 infants (9 boys, 3 girls) in whom the diagnosis of a suprarenal mass (10 left, 2 bilateral) was made on antenatal sonography. All were otherwise healthy neonates who were born at term after a normal pregnancy, labor and delivery. The masses ranged from 1 to 3.5 cm in diameter on initial scans at gestational ages of 19-35 weeks. Eleven masses were hyperechoic and 4 of these contained small, well-defined cysts. The 12th was hypoechoic. Follow-up sonography showed complete disappearance of the mass antenatally in 1 case and postnatally by 4-6 months in 5 cases; there was marked diminution in the size of the mass by 2 months of age in 4 infants, by 4 months in 1 case and by 15 months in 1 case. Eleven were managed nonoperatively. Laparotomy (after disappearance of the mass) in the 12th case revealed only some fibrous tissue. The 11 echogenic masses resemble previously reported imaging findings in infants with histologically proven intra-abdominal sequestrated lung. Conservative management with careful sonographic follow-up should, therefore, be considered in otherwise healthy fetuses or neonates with these imaging findings. We are less certain what the hypoechoic mass represented.

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration↗
PubMed1995

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome--possible roles for Doppler ultrasound and amniocentesis.

A 29-year-old woman was referred for suspicion of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Several ultrasonographic and neonatal criteria of TTTS were encountered in this twin pregnancy. The peculiar observations in this case were, firstly, the demonstration of superficial anastomosis by Doppler ultrasound and, secondly, that one single therapeutic amniocentesis could have been sufficient to partially correct the progression of the syndrome, as after amniocentesis it was no longer possible to demonstrate the vascular communication. This observation suggests that superficial anastomoses could also have a role in the genesis of TTTS. Their effect could be monitored by Doppler ultrasound and could be more easily corrected by therapeutic amniocentesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Experience of a single team of operators in 891 diagnostic funipunctures.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of diagnostic funipuncture. METHODS: Between October 1985 and November 1993, fetal circulation was accessed 891 times in 828 pregnancies. The technique was similar to that described in earlier studies. We did not make more than two attempts at the procedure in any session. Each procedure was recorded prospectively in a computerized data base. Data included information about indications, laboratory indices, gestational age, number of successful and failed punctures, duration of fetal bradycardia, duration of bleeding, ultrasonographic findings, follow-up of pregnancies, and perinatal outcome. RESULTS: The most frequent indication was rapid karyotyping (48.9%), followed by risk of congenital infection (38.6%). The success rate of the method was high (98.6%). Most samples (97%) were pure fetal blood, undiluted by amniotic fluid. Transient bleeding was observed from the cord puncture site in 9.8% of the procedures. Sixty-three percent of prolonged bradycardia occurred in growth-retarded or congenitally malformed fetuses. Seven fetal and neonatal deaths (five pregnancies) occurred within 1 week after the funipuncture; the funipuncture indication was rapid karyotyping in four of these cases. CONCLUSION: Funipuncture performed by operators trained in ultrasonic needle guidance is a safe and reliable procedure.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1992

[Collection of fetal cord blood for karyotyping].

Cordocentesis was performed in 234 pregnancies (241 fetuses) for rapid karyotyping. The indication was in 86% of cases: abnormal ultrasound. The abnormality encountered were IUGR (85 fetuses) or morphologic abnormality of the pregnancy (130 fetuses). The other indications were maternal mosaicism, mosaicism in cultured amniotic cells, maternal age (late booking), fragile X syndrome, confirmation of abnormal karyotype obtained by amniocentesis. The fetal karyotype was established in 97.5% (6 failures), 18 karyotypes were abnormal in the group "abnormal ultrasound" (208 pregnancies, 8.6%; 215 fetuses, 8.3%). No maternal complication were observed, there were 6 fetal losses (2.5%).

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1990

[Cordocentesis: experience in 391 initial samples].

The first diagnostic cordocentesis was performed in our unit in october 1985. Our 4-year experience is reported: 391 cordocentesis were performed in 360 patients during gestational weeks 14 to 42. The first attempt was successful in 90% of the procedures, 4 samplings failed, there were 4 fetal deaths within one week after diagnostic cordocentesis, one of them appears to be directly linked to the punction. A transient fetal bradycardia was observed in 9.9% of the cases, bleeding occurred in 19% of the cases. The indications for cordocentesis were: risk of fetal infection, karyotyping, hemopathy, search for paternity, assessment of fetal acid-base status, biochemical dosage. Our data confirm that cordocentesis is a safe and reliable diagnostic procedure providing guidelines for management of the pregnancy.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1990

[The value of prenatal chromosomal diagnosis in cases of fetal abnormalities: results obtained in 468 pathological pregnancies].

The authors report the results of 468 foetal karyotypes performed on amniotic fluid or foetal blood samples after ultrasound discovery of foetal anomalies. A total of 46 chromosomal aberrations (10%) were detected. The rates of anomalies vary considerably according to the alarm sign; very high (greater than 30%) in cases of multiple malformations, foetal hydrops or foetal death, low (less than or equal to 2%) in cases of poly- or oligohydramnios and foetal growth retardation without detectable malformation. In addition to these chromosomal diagnoses, further investigations enabled in 9 cases the diagnosis of genetic autosomal recessive disorders. Our results which are comparable with those reported in the literature, demonstrate the importance of prenatal diagnosis in cases of pathological pregnancies, with regard to obstetrical and perinatal management as well as to genetic counseling.

Chromosome Aberrations↗