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Biomedical subjects

F A Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to F A Murphy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Unilateral versus bilateral thyroid resection in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Risk-group definitions have been developed recently in an attempt to clarify which operation to do for whom in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The authors attempted to confirm the validity of an age-based risk-group definition for identifying patients at high risk of death from thyroid carcinoma and to test whether the degree of surgical resection in either high- or low-risk groups affected patient survival. An age-based risk-group definition was used in the retrospective analysis of 161 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma seen at the Saskatoon Cancer Centre, University of Saskatchewan, between 1933 and 1964. A significant difference was found in the death rate between low- and high-risk groups (4.3% versus 47% respectively). This confirms the validity of such an age-based risk-group definition. Although a long-term survival benefit was suggested with the use of bilateral thyroid resection in high-risk patients, the difference was not significant. In low-risk patients, there was no difference in the survival rate between patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral thyroid resection, followed up for as long as 55 years.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Electron microscopy and antigenic studies of uncharacterized viruses. I. Evidence suggesting the placement of viruses in families Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, or Poxviridae.

During approximately 35 years, investigators in various laboratories studying arbovirus ecology and epidemiology accumulated many virus isolates, more than 60 of which were not characterized or placed in taxa. By a combination of electron microscopic and antigenic studies we collected information sufficient to provisionally classify 60 isolates. Electron microscopic observations suggest that 20 are members of the virus family Bunyaviridae, 20 Rhabdoviridae, 14 Reoviridae, one Togaviridae, one Paramyxoviridae (Mapuera virus, from a bat), and one Poxviridae (Yoka virus, from mosquitoes). Serologic studies provided evidence sufficient to place some of these viruses in recognized antigenic groups, within families and genera, and to establish new antigenic groups and taxa for others. Three viruses were found to have morphologic and morphogenetic characteristics consistent with those of members of the family Arenaviridae: Quaranfil virus, a human pathogen, Johnston Atoll virus, isolated from birds and ticks, and Araguari virus, isolated from an opossum. This, the first in a series of three papers, described methods used for these investigations and also presents descriptions of viruses provisionally placed in the families Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, or Poxviridae. Descriptions of viruses provisionally placed in families Bunyaviridae and Reoviridae are published in the second and third papers, respectively. Viruses of the family Rhabdoviridae have been described separately.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Electron microscopic and antigenic studies of uncharacterized viruses. II. Evidence suggesting the placement of viruses in the family Bunyaviridae.

This is the second of three papers describing the use of electron microscopy and antigenic analyses intended to characterize and place in taxa more than 60 previously unclassified viruses. The first paper of the series describes the viruses we classified as provisional members of the families Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, or Poxviridae; another paper, published separately, discusses the Rhabdoviridae. In this paper we report that electron microscopy provided sufficient evidence to place 17 of these viruses (Belem, Erve, Estero Real, Mojui dos Campos, Nyando, Odrenisrou, Okola, Pacora, Para, Santarem, Tanga, Telok Forest, Termeil, Thiafora, Thottapalayam, Wanowrie, and Yacaaba) in the family Bunyaviridae and to support the observations of others that Yogue and Kasokero viruses are members of this virus family. Subsequent antigenic studies allowed us to place some of these viruses in recognized antigenic groups and to establish new antigenic groups for others.

Bunyaviridae↗
PubMed1989

Electron microscopic and antigenic studies of uncharacterized viruses. III. Evidence suggesting the placement of viruses in the family Reoviridae.

This is the last of three papers describing the use of electron microscopy and antigenic tests intended to characterize and place in taxa more than 60 previously unclassified viruses. The first paper describes the viruses we classified as members of the families Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, or Poxviridae. The second paper describes those classified as members of the virus family Bunyaviridae. Another paper, published separately, discusses viruses classified as members of the family Rhabdoviridae. In this paper we report that electron microscopy provided sufficient evidence to provisionally place 14 viruses in the family Reoviridae. By using serologic methods, we placed Minnal virus in the Umatilla serogroup and established new antigenic groups for seven other viruses (Ieri, Picola, Arkonam, Tembe, Fomede, Wongorr, and Gomoka). No antigenic relationships were determined for six other viruses (Andasibe, Itupiranga, Kammavanpettai, Lake Clarendon, Matucare, and Ndelle) provisionally placed in the family Reoviridae.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Viruses isolated from reptiles: identification of three new members of the family Rhabdoviridae.

The growth of four viruses isolated from lizards in Brazil (Marco, Chaco, and Timbo viruses) and Australia (Almpiwar virus) was studied in a variety of continuous cell lines of mammalian, reptilian, amphibian, and piscine origin. Although replication was found in certain cell lines derived from the coldblooded species, cytopathic effect (CPE) was absent or minimal and growth was less than or equal to that in mammalian cells. Those observations appear to limit the value of poikilothermic cells for primary isolation of viruses from field-collected, cold-blooded vertebrates or arthropods that feed upon them. The four reptilian viruses were found to be naturally occurring temperature sensitive agents, with optima for growth of approximately 30 degrees C. Electron microscope studies showed three of the viruses (Marco, Chaco, and Timbo) to be new members of the family Rhabdoviridae. Marco virus particles were conically shaped and resembled bovine ephemeral fever virus, and two lyssaviruses (Kotonkan and Obodhiang). Chaco and Timbo viruses were cylindrical viruses resembling other rhabdoviruses with particle lengths longer than the prototype VSV. No serologic relationships were found in cross complement fixation tests between these viruses, Marco virus, and 34 other rhabdoviruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

New strain of mouse hepatitis virus as the cause of lethal enteritis in infant mice.

A new strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) was isolated from pooled gut suspensions from an epizootic of lethal enteritis in newborn mice. Negative-contrast electron microscopy showed an abundance of coronavirus particles in the intestinal contents and intestinal epithelium of moribund mice. We found no other virus in the epizootic. Dams seroconverted to MHV polyvalent antigen and to the agent isolated, but did not develop antibodies to other known mouse pathogens. Virus propagated in NCTC-1469 tissue culture produced enteric disease in suckling mice but not fatal diarrhea; the dams of these mice also developed antibodies to MHV and to the isolates. By complement fixation, single radial hemolysis, and quantal neutralization tests, we found the isolates antigenically most closely related to MHV-S, unilaterally related to MHV-JHM, and more distantly related to MHV-1, MHV-3, MHV-A59, and human coronavirus OC-43. We also studied cross-reactions among the murine and human coronaviruses in detail. Tissues of infected newborn mice were examined by light microscopy, thin-section electron microscopy, and frozen-section indirect immunofluorescence, revealing that viral antigen, virus particles, and pathological changes were limited to the intestinal tract. We have designated our isolates as MHV-S/CDC.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Abortive replication of vaccinia virus in activated rabbit macrophages.

During the course of infection of rabbits with vaccinia virus, macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity develop bactericidal activity and the replication of vaccinia virus becomes restricted in these cells. The abortive replication of vaccinia virus in the activated macrophages was characterized in the present study. The virus adsorbed to and was uncoated equally well in macrophages from both normal and infected rabbits. A burst of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis of comparable magnitude took place 3 to 6 h after infection in both normal and activated macrophages. Although the production of viral antigens, as detected by immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence, was the same in both types of cells, very few virus particles were formed in activated as compared with normal macrophages. We conclude that a block in a late step of the virus replication cycle occurred in the activated macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Rhabdoviridae. Report of the Rhabdovirus Study Group, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.

The family Rhabdoviridae comprises approximately 75 viruses infecting vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. The main characteristics of the member viruses are: (i) the viruses infecting vertebrates and invertebrates are bullet-shaped and the viruses infecting plants are usually bacilliform; (ii) the viruses have particle lengths varying from 130 to 380 nm and widths varying from 60 to 95 nm; (iii) the viruses possess unit-membrane envelopes from which protrude spikes 5 to 10 nm long; (iv) the viruses have precisely coiled helical nuecleocapsids with a diameter of approx. 50 nm; (v) most of the viruses which have been studied contain 5 proteins; the prototype, vesicular stomatitis virus, contains proteins designated L (large), G (glycoprotein), N (nucleoprotein), NS (nonstructural) and M (matrix); N or NS is phosphorylated in most members which have been studied; (vi) the viruses contain single-stranded RNA which is transcribed into several messenger RNA species with sizes corresponding to the structural proteins; (vii) the nucleocapsid contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and is infectious; and (viii) many of the viruses produce morphologically distinct defective-interfering (T) particles.

RNA, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Lyssavirus infection of muscle spindles and motor end plates in striated muscle of hamsters.

Immunofluorescent, light, and electron microscopy were used to document lyssavirus infection of muscle spindles and motor end plates. Virus particles were seen in the narrow intercellular space between sensory nerve endings and intrafusal muscle fibers; they were also observed budding from intracellular and plasma membranes of the latter. Involvement of motor nerves and motor end plates could only be demonstrated by electron microscopy. In nature, rabies virus invasion of the peripheral nervous system must involve centripetal spread across these junctions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

New Minto virus: a new rhabdovirus from ticks in Alaska.

Three strains of a virus were isolated from Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris (Packard) ticks removed from snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben) in east central Alaska. We suggest that the virus be named New Minto for the location in which the ticks were collected. Prototype New Minto virus is sensitive to the action of sodium deoxycholate and kills suckling mice by the intracerebral but not intraperitoneal route; weaned mice do not die after intracerebral, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous inoculation. The virus produces plaque in serially propagated Vero but not in primary Pekin duck embryo cells. By complement-fixation and neutralization tests New Minto is related to Sawgrass Virus, a hitherto ungrouped virus from Florida. The establishment of a Sawgrass group is suggested. In addition, Sawgrass virus was found by electron microscopy to belong to the Family Rhabdoviridae.

Alaska↗