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Biomedical subjects

E Williams

Publications and source records attributed to E Williams.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Veterinary surgeons as vectors of Salmonella dublin.

Salmonella dublin is an important bovine pathogen, causing dysentery, abortion, and death from septicaemia. S dublin dermatitis, a little-recognised occupational hazard for veterinary surgeons, does not cause serious disability or inconvenience. During a survey of brucellosis in south-west Wales four cases of S dublin dermatitis were seen in veterinary surgeons. One surgeon was reinfected three years later. On all five occasions the veterinary surgeons had not worn or had discarded polyethylene gloves. An apparently healthy cow may serve as a latent carrier of S dublin. Thus when disease starts in a closed, protected herd reactivation of infection within the herd is usually blamed and its introduction by extraneous agents considered to be unlikely. Veterinary surgeons should be regarded as potential vectors of S dublin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Fluoroprostaglandins: synthesis and biological evaluation of the methyl esters of (+)-12-fluoro-, (-)-ent-12-fluoro-, (+)-15-epi-fluoro-, and (-)-ent-15 epi-12-fluoroprostaglandin F2 alpha.

The synthesis and biological activity of the methyl esters of (+)-12-fluoroPGF2 alpha, (+)-15-epi-12-fluoroPGF2 alpha, (-)-ent-12-flurorPGF2 alpha, and (-)-ent-15-epi-12-fluoroPGF2 alpha are described. Each fluoroprostaglandin has been evaluated from pregnancy interruption in the hamster and smooth-muscle stimulating effects on gerbil colon and hamster uterine strips. All fluoroprostaglandins synthesized were shown to be neither substrates for the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase nor inhibitors of the enzyme.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1980

Electron microscopical studies of vessels in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

the results of an electron microscopical study of sural nerve biopsies from 11 patients with diabetic neuropathy are presented. Thrombi were seen in six cases in at least one intraneural vessel; nine cases showed hyperplasia of endothelial cells, and in seven out of these nine the hyperplasia was sufficient to occlude completely the lumen of small vessels; six cases showed degenerate pericytes and endothelial cells, and in some cases endothelial cells had been shed from the vessel wall, exposing the blood within the vessel to the underlying basement membrane; in five cases large lipid droplets were seen within endothelial cells. Abnormalities of the vessel wall would result in decreased fibrinolytic activity and a reduction of the antiplatelet aggregating proprties of the vessel. Desquamation of endothelial cells from the vessel wall, with exposure of platelets to underlying collagen, may act as a trigger for thrombus formation, particularly as the blood of diabetic patients is often in a hypercoagulable state. The significance of hyperplasia of endothelial cells is at present unknown but, once established, this too would result in profound alterations of loal blood flow and ischaemia of nerve. Damage to endothelial cells may also allow seepage of haematological constituents into the vessel wall, resulting in its progressive thickening.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The younger disabled unit at Fazakerley Hospital.

The activities of a new younger disabled unit reflect the changing pattern of care now being provided for severely physically disabled young people. A co-ordinated team approach to their rehabilitation has enabled all but a few of the severely disabled to continue living at home. This represents a considerable saving on the cost of hospital-based care and has afforded them the best opportunity for developing their lives to the full and enjoying a satisfactory life in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin on lymphocyte subpopulations and functions following allotransplantation in the rhesus monkey.

The survival time of skin allografts from RhLA-nonidentical, unrelated donors was increased from a mean of 7.69 days in controls (n = 20) to a mean of 32.53 days in rhesus monkeys (n = 21) receiving a total dose of 250 mg of rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin (RATG) per kg. Immunological monitoring studies were performed on the peripheral blood of mononuclear cells in control and treated monkeys. After administration of RATG, the percentage of E rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) was greater than 90% depressed, and the percentage of EAC rosette-forming cells was increased 5-fold in the circulation. Significant numbers of RATG-coated cells were detected only during the first week after RATG treatment. The percentage of E-RFC recovered to pretreatment levels within 3 to 4 weeks after RATG treatment, although the absolute E-RFC count remained depressed for 2 to 3 months. In addition, the in vitro proliferative responsiveness to polyclonal mitogens and to allogeneic lymphocytes remained greater than 80% depressed for 2 to 3 months after RATG treatment. The incidence of post-transplant-specific antidonor lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC) was similar in controls (85%) and RATG-treated monkeys (81%), and the appearance of LMC was correlated (r = 0.711) with partial recovery of absolute ERFC counts in the treated group. The appearance and peak of LMC were delayed (P less than 0.001) in RATG-treated monkeys, but preceded and correlated with rejection. Prior to rejection, the serum of RATG-treated monkeys inhibited LMC. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity appeared after rejection in the majority of recipients in both groups. The appearance and peak of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) were delayed (P less than than 0.001) in RATG-treated monkeys, but did not exhibit a significant correlation with the time of rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of GH1 rat pituitary tumor cell adenylyl cyclase activity by somatostatin.

Somatostatin inhibits basal and chlorpromazine stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in homogenates of GH1 rat pituitary tumor cells. The Dtryp8-Dcys14 analogue is more potent than tyrosyl somatostatin as an inhibitor of both basal and chlorpromazine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase. Somatostatin had no effect on sodium fluoride or quanylyl-imidodiphosphate-stimulated cyclase in GH1 cell homogenates or on basal, epinephrine or prostaglandin E1 stimulated cyclase activity in sonicated BHK fibroblasts. These results indicate a specific effect of somatostatin to inhibit pituitary adenylyl cyclase activity.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1977

Arthroplasty of the hip in ankylosing spondylitis.

In fifty-six patients with ankylosing spondylitis three types of arthroplasty had been performed in ninety-nine hips. Forty-one of the patients were men and fifteen were women, their average age at operation being forty-two years. Primary pseudarthrosis produced well-satisfied patients, but only a fair result in five hips, whereas cup arthroplasty resulted in a poor outcome for eight hips, all of which needed revision. Total replacement of eighty-six hips, however, led to 73 per cent being graded as good or excellent up to ten years later. The main complications were deep infection of five hips, para-articular ossification around nine hips (six leading to bony ankylosis), and fibrous ankylosis of six hips.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Use of distance and location in short-term motor memory.

A retroactive interference paradigm was used to determine whether kinesthetic distance, location, or distance and location cues are used at recall of a blind, simple linear movement. Students performed interpolated movements which varied distance and location cues separately or jointly. Relative to a rest condition, joint distance and location interpolation produced significant interference while no significant interference was found for interpolation of individual distance or location. The results were interpreted as supporting the involvement of multiple kinesthetic cues in the establishment of memorial representations of motor movements.

Cues↗