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Biomedical subjects

E Wilander

Publications and source records attributed to E Wilander.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Islet amyloid in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes is related to insulin.

Amyloid deposition is the most typical islet alteration in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. In the present study we show by immunohistochemistry that the amyloid reacts with an antiserum against insulin B chain. Islet amyloid was also purified, dissolved in guanidine-HCl and gel filtered on a Sepharose 6B column. Immunization of a guinea pig with a high molecular weight fraction from this gel filtration resulted in an antiserum with insulin-binding capacity. This binding was partially blocked with pure insulin B chain. The results indicate that islet amyloid contains insulin B chain and that the amyloid is a product of the islet B cells. Thus the study support previous morphological studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

The distribution and ontogeny of polypeptide YY (PYY)- and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of rat.

The distribution and ontogeny of polypeptide YY (PYY)- and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of rat were investigated. PYY-immunoreactive cells were numerous in the pylorus, ileum and colon and only a few cells were observed in the corpus, duodenum, jejunum and rectum. On the other hand, a few PP-immunoreactive cells were seen in the colon only. Both PYY- and PP-immunoreactive cells were of the open type, i.e., they extended from the basal lamina to the gut lumen. PYY-immunoreactive cells were observed first in the lower half of the stomach and in the intestine of 19 day-old embryo. The localization of the cells seemed to move along towards the pylorus and the lower part of the intestine. PP-immunoreactive cells could only be detected for the first time in the colon of 2 day-old rat. These cells appeared temporarily in the pylorus and rectum during the period 7 to 21 days after birth. It was concluded that the difference between PYY- and PP-immunoreactive cells in the distribution, frequency and ontogeny provide further evidence that PYY and PP occur in two independent cell types.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The endocrine pancreas of a squamate reptile, the desert lizard (Chalcides ocellatus). A histological and immunocytochemical investigation.

The endocrine pancreas of the desert lizard (Chalcides ocellatus) was investigated histologically and immunocytochemically. The endocrine tissue was concentrated in the dorsal lobe, where it constituted about 7% of the total volume. In the ventral lobe the endocrine tissue formed approximately 1% of the total volume. Four endocrine cell types were observed in the pancreas of this species, namely insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin- and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive cells. The volume occupied by these cells was 1, 1, 0.6 and 0.3% of the total volume of the pancreas, respectively. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were located in the islet centre and comprised 3% of dorsal and 0.2% of the ventral lobe volume. Glucagon cells occurred at the islet periphery and amounted to 3 and 0.2% of the volume of the dorsal and ventral lobes, respectively. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were located at the islet periphery as well as in between the exocrine parenchyma. They constituted 1 and 0.2% of the volume of the dorsal and ventral lobes, respectively. PP-immunoreactive cells occurred mainly among the exocrine parenchyma as solitary cells. They formed only 0.03% of the volume of the dorsal lobe. The corresponding figure in the ventral lobe was 0.6%.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunocytochemical identification of polypeptide YY (PYY) cells in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Various parts of the human gastrointestinal tract were investigated immunocytochemically for the occurrence of polypeptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). PYY-immunoreactive cells were observed in the lower part of the ileum, in the colon and in the rectum, and PP-immunoreactive cells were found in the colon and rectum. Both cell types were of the open type, i.e. they extended from the basal lamina to the gut lumen. PYY-immunoreactive cells were seen to emit cytoplasmic processes to the neighbouring goblet cells. This latter observation suggests that PYY cells may exert a paracrine action on the mucus-secreting goblet cells. Staining of consecutive thin plastic sections and staining of the same section simultaneously for two peptides showed that PYY-immunoreactivity did not occur in PP- or enteroglucagon-immunoreactive cells. On the ultrastructural level PYY-immunoreactivity was localized in basal granulated endocrine cells. These cells contained round or slightly oval electron dense granules with a mean diameter of 150 nm (range 100-300 nm).

Digestive System↗
PubMed1983

Polypeptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in rectal carcinoids. An immunocytochemical study.

The frequency and distribution of polypeptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) immunoreactive tumour cells of 14 small intestinal and of 27 rectal carcinoids were studied. All small intestinal and 14 rectal tumours were unreactive to both hormones. However, 13 rectal carcinoids contained a variable number of PP-immunoreactive cells. In four of these cases both PYY- and PP-immunoreactive cells were seen. The PP-immunoreactive cells greatly exceeded the number of PYY-immunoreactive cells. Two rectal carcinoids with PYY and PP immunoreactivities, but not the rest of the tumours, reacted also with an antiserum specific to the C-terminus of PP. This indicates that most PP immunoreactive rectal carcinoids lack the C-terminus sequence of the PP molecule.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1983

Argyrophil endocrine cells with ACTH and HCG immunoreactivity in a carcinoma of the breast.

A middle-aged woman without any symptoms of ectopic hormone production underwent a right-sided mastectomy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma. She later developed axillary lymph node metastases which were somewhat carcinoid-like. This prompted further investigation, when scattered argyrophilic endocrine cells were found in both the primary tumour and its metastases. The endocrine cells reacted immunocytochemically with antisera against ACTH and HCG. Despite the endocrine activity of the tumour, it was still regarded as a ductal carcinoma since the endocrine cells constituted the minority cell population. The present study indicates strongly that ectopic hormone production in association with carcinoma of the breast is a result of hormone synthesis and release by the tumour cells.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

An unnecessary case of paraffin oil pneumonia.

A 64-year-old woman died after 12 years of progressive pulmonary disease which was initially diagnosed as sarcoidosis but later correctly identified as mineral oil pneumonia due to insufflation of paraffin instilled as nasal drops. In view of the potential damaging effect of liquid paraffin on the lungs, the current indications for its use must be strongly questioned.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1983

Argyrophil reaction in rectal carcinoids.

The Grimelius argyrophil reaction was studied in 27 rectal carcinoids. A majority of the tumour cells were silver-reactive in 16 tumours and a minority in 11 tumours. Both weakly and strongly stained tumours were found, as well as tumour cells with variable staining properties within the same tumour. Re-staining resulted in potentiation of the reaction, but this was most obvious in tumours with an initially easily identified argyrophilia. It is suggested that evaluation of the Grimelius argyrophil reaction in combination with routine histology increases the accuracy of the diagnosis of rectal carcinoids.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1983

Exocrine and endocrine cell differentiation in small intestinal adenocarcinomas.

Sixteen adenocarcinomas of the small intestine were examined with respect to the ability of the the tumour cells to differentiate in exocrine and endocrine directions. Both intra- and extracellular mucous material was found in 14 tumors and lysozyme immunoreactivity, a characteristic of normal Paneth cells, was seen in scattered tumor cells in two cases. Three tumors contained a few argyrophil cells, indicating the presence of tumor cell population with endocrine production. In two of these tumors some tumor cells displaying an argentaffin reaction, a staining property characteristic of enterochromaffin cells storing serotonin, were also found. In one tumor examined electron microscopically, tumor cells with cytoplasmic zymogen granules were seen and also two different types of endocrine tumor cells containing neurosecretory hormone granules. The results show that the tumor cells of small-intestinal adenocarcinomas possess the ability to differentiate in both the exocrine and the endocrine direction.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Radiation therapy of anal carcinoma.

Between 1978 and 1982, 30 consecutive patients with anal carcinoma were given radiation therapy. Irradiation alone was given to cloacogenic carcinoma and in combination with bleomycin to squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with an early tumour (T1, T2) were treated to 65 Gy (60 Gy + bleomycin) directly, whereas patients with a moderately advanced tumour (T3) were treated to the same radiation dose only if no evidence of residual disease existed after approximately 50 Gy (45 Gy + bleomycin); if a palpable tumour still remained 3 to 4 weeks after the end of the irradiation, surgery was performed. Seven of 7 patients with an early lesion (T1, T2) and 5 of 9 with a tumour in stage T3 treated according to this regime are alive with no evidence of disease and with preserved anal anatomy and function. Only one of 9 patients in stage T3 and T4, also treated with an abdominoperineal resection had viable tumour at surgery and 6 of them are alive without disease; 2 died postoperatively and one developed a recurrence in the urinary bladder. The results indicate that anal carcinomas are sensitive to radiation and often curable by irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear DNA in carcinoid tumours of the lung.

Fluorescence cytophotometric DNA measurements on 15 carcinoid tumours generally yielded histograms with a prominent G1-phase peak and only low frequencies of S- and G2-phase nuclei. In 13 tumours the modal DNA value was near diploid (1.75-2.25). Three of these 15 tumours showed a much greater number of S- and G2-phase values than the others and in two of them there were also G1-phase peaks below the near-diploid range. Among 22 samples of small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL), the modal DNA value was hypodiploid in two, near diploid in seven and hyperdiploid in 13. The proportion of S-phase cells was higher in the SCCL samples than in the carcinoid tumours. It is suggested that the nuclear DNA distribution profile may facilitate morphological discrimination of a classical pulmonary carcinoid from small cell carcinoma. In a borderline case, the finding of a hyperdiploid DNA stem line and high proliferative activity will favour the diagnosis of SCCL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The distribution of polypeptide YY (PYY) - and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) - immunoreactive cells in the domestic fowl.

The distribution of the polypeptide which has an N-terminal tyrosine and a C-terminal tyrosine (PYY) - and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) - immunoreactive cells were investigated in the gut of the domestic fowl. PPY-immunoreactive cells were observed in the duodenum and jejunum. PP-immunoreactive cells were seen in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. Both PYY- and PP-immunoreactive cells were extended from the basal lamina to the gut lumen i.e. of open type. PYY-immunoreactive cells occurred mainly in the basal and middle portion of the villi. On the other hand, PP-immunoreactive cells were located mostly in the crepts. The occurrence of PYY-immunoreactive cells in the upper part of the small intestine is rather similar to that of amphibians and reptiles, than to that of mammals, where PYY-immunoreactive cells are located in the distal part of the small intestine and in the large intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Majority and minority cell populations in small-intestinal carcinoids.

A quantitative study of argentaffin and argyrophil cells in 12 typical small intestinal carcinoids was made. The tumours contained 20-74 per cent of argentaffin cells (mean, 59 per cent) and 11-64 per cent of argyrophil cells (mean, 28 per cent). Five to 37 per cent (mean, 13 per cent) were unreactive to both silver stains. The argentaffin cells constituted the majority cell population in all tumours except one, in which the argyrophil cells predominated. At electron microscopy, pleomorphic secretory granules of the enterochromaffin cell type were found in argentaffin tumour cells, while the argyrophil tumour cells contained round granules. The silver staining properties and the ultrastructural morphology of the small-intestinal carcinoids are consistent with the opinion that these tumours are multi-hormonal.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Preoperative irradiation with high-dose fractionation in adenocarcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid.

The incidence of local pelvic recurrence after 'curative' resection for rectal carcinoma is high. Adjuvant irradiation given pre- or postoperatively has led to a decreased incidence of pelvic recurrences. In a series of 58 consecutive patients between 1979 and 1980, those with primarily operable rectal tumours received preoperative irradiation in a total dose of 25.5 Gy in fractions of 5.1 Gy daily for 5 days. A locally 'curative' resection was performed in 41 patients 2 to 5 days later. The radiation therapy was well tolerated without early or late complications. All patients were followed up every 6 months with computed tomography over the pelvic region; aspiration biopsies were taken whenever any possible pathology was made. A local recurrence occurred in only 2 patients during the follow-up period (24-42 months). In a retrospective material from 1976 to 1979, totally 107 patients were admitted for surgery. Of 81 patients operated upon for 'local cure', 38 (47%) have had local recurrence to date, 32 (40%) of them within 2 years. These results indicate that a high-dose fractionated preoperative irradiation reduces the incidence of local recurrences, is well tolerated and does not influence the period of hospitalization.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Immunocytochemical localization of gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) in the human foetal pancreas.

The occurrence of gastrin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) was investigated immunocytochemically in 17 foetal and neonatal human pancreata of gestational ages ranging from 12-41 weeks. GIP immunoreactive cells were observed in the pancreas of five foetuses with gestational ages of 18-20 weeks. These cells were located in islet-like cell clusters, at the base of tubular structures and among the exocrine-like acini. They were sometimes seen to emit a single long protrusion. The controls used, including preincubation of the antisera with anticomplement Clq, emphasized the specificity of the observed immunoreaction. No gastrin-immunoreactive cells were seen in any of the foetal or neonatal pancreata examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A clinical study of 30 gastric carcinoids.

The clinical picture in 30 patients operated on for gastric carcinoids was studied retrospectively. There were 12 men and 18 women, with an age range of 32-79 years (mean 57 years). The tumours were located in the corpus area of the stomach in more than half of the patients and in one-third were relatively small (less than or equal to 1 cm). Four patients had multiple tumours. Metastases were found in eight patients, mostly those with larger primary tumours. In no case was the carcinoid syndrome present. The patients presented symptoms simulating those of more common affections of the stomach, such as polyps, ulcer and carcinoma. Barium contrast study and gastroscopy did not reveal the true nature of the gastric disease and even biopsy of the stomach failed to give a correct preoperative diagnosis in four of five patients. Since six patients had achylia preoperatively, it is emphasized that the possibility of a gastric carcinoid, especially in the corpus area, is more likely in association with this condition.

Adult↗