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Biomedical subjects

E Werner

Publications and source records attributed to E Werner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Circadian rhythm of the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of the plant protection substance dinitro-ortho-cresol in rabbits].

Results from chronotoxicological investigations with the plant protection chemical DNOC has been described and judged. It has been studied hyperthermia caused by i.v. application of 7.5 mg/kg body weight on rabbits to 6 different times, starting at 4 a.m. with 4-hours-intervals as well as the dose-effect relation in each case with 3 doses to the time of application at 12 a.m., 6 p.m., 12 p.m. and 6 a.m. and the renal DNOC excretion after a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. There was found a time dependent rhythm in all experiments. Acrophase of hyperthermia is placed in the middle of the phase of activity of the animals at 12 p.m., however it depends on the dose. The results are showing, that the position of acrophase by constant environmental factor is neither a substance specific nor an animal specific constant.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Nicotine--drug addiction--AIDS. Drug use habits of Vienna addicts].

In Austria it is illegal to sell tobacco to young adolescents. A diverse sample of 358 narcotic addicts was investigated at the Psychiatric University Clinic of Vienna. Data were obtained from on site confidential interviews and a HIV-test was conducted. The individual drug use history was recorded and, interestingly, tobacco addiction was the first stage in starting a drug career. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between onset of heroin use and HIV-1 infection. It is concluded that in Austria not only the availability nicotine and alcohol to young adolescents should be prohibited, but also their use should be punishable. Easy access to nicotine as in public restaurants or from automatic distributors, has to be withdrawn. Tobacco advertisements may drive vulnerable young adolescents to early nicotine abuse and this may be followed by addition to other drugs and diseases causing death, including AIDS. Socioeconomic data, as well as the methadone data are presented. 180 out of the 358 patients were on methadone maintenance. Methadone treatment offers a first step toward social rehabilitation for drug addicts who have been living as criminals on the fringe of society. Physicians have a clear responsibility to lead the effort on all fronts against tobacco, especially in view of the HIV epidemic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Renal excretion of tellurium after peroral administration of tellurium in different forms to healthy human volunteers.

As tellurium ranks among the rare non-essential trace elements there is only little known of its intestinal absorption and its metabolic behaviour in humans. Data for risk evaluations needed for occupational medicine are based on animal experiments only. In order to investigate the metabolic behaviour of tellurium in man, tellurium in different forms was administered perorally to healthy male human volunteers. It was given as sodium tellurate, sodium tellurite, metallic colloid and intrinsically bound in cress. For the latter, cress was cultivated with tellurium-containing water in order to provide tellurium for ingestion in a form which is more equivalent to foodstuffs. After the administration the urinary excretion of tellurium was determined. Tellurium concentrations were measured in urine samples by means of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) after wet ashing and a preconcentration of tellurium by solvent extraction with isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK). From the cumulative tellurium excretion in the first four days after the administration, a percentage intestinal absorption of 25% +/- 10% for soluble tellurium salts can be calculated. The renal tellurium excretion is faster after administration of hexavalent tellurium than after ingestion of the tetravalent form. This can explain the higher toxicity of the tetravalent tellurium compounds found in animal experiments. The introduction of tellurium to cress lowered the intestinal absorption to approximately 15%. For metallic tellurium the fractional intestinal absorption was found to be about 10%.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A phagocytosis test for the evaluation of the local immunity status during endometritis therapy with special regard to the use of uterofertil in cattle].

After the influence of organic acids or peroxide acids with low concentration upon mucous membranes results a higher activity of the topical defence-situation. The application of a 0.2 per cent solution of peroxyethane acid (drug Uterofertil) into the uterus for endometritis-therapy directs an increase of phagocytosis-activity not only topical but also in the peripheric circulation of blood. The phagocytosis-activity was measured with a test by granulocytes. Other drugs were also tested, which will needed by endometritis-treatment of cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Stabilizing the social and health status of drug dependent patients with methadone. Long-term maintainance therapy--Vienna results].

On September 25th, 1987 methadone was legalized in Austria for therapeutic use in drug addiction treatment in case of: 1. Long-term drug addiction with intravenous application of the drug, and several unsuccessful withdrawal therapies and/or 2. opiate addiction through intravenous application of the drug along with an existing HIV-1 infection. Since than, 291 patients were treated with methadone at the drug-dependency outpatient clinic of the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Vienna. In 1990, 96 patients treated for more than one year were investigated using a standardized questionnaire. The image in which crime, prostitution, poverty, ill health all merge was broken by this decriminalization. Methadone treatment offers a first step toward social rehabilitation for drug addicts who have been living as criminals on the fringe of society.

Austria↗
PubMed1990

[Prevalence of HIV-1 infection in intravenous drug dependent patients 1986 to 1989 in Vienna].

We report the results of a survey of a total of 553 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) investigated at the drug addiction out-patient unit of the Psychiatric Department of Vienna University for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) using both enzyme-linked immuno sorbent and Western blot assays. HIV-1 antibodies were found 1985/86 in 8.5%, 1986/87 in 14.5%, 1988 in 27.7% and 1989 in 29.7% of IVDUs. The introduction of methadone maintenance in 1987 attracted many IVDUs and increased the number of patients at the out-patient clinic. In 1989 more than 50% of the IVDUs are on methadone maintenance and already 84.5% of the HIV-1 infected drug users are treated with methadone.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

Monitoring HIV-1 infection prevalence among intravenous drug users in Vienna 1986-1990.

A standardised method to monitor HIV-1 infection levels and trends among injecting drug users (IDUs) was periodically administered at the drug addiction outpatient ward of the Psychiatric University Clinic of Vienna. A total of 715 injecting drug users were examined. HIV-1 antibodies were found in 8.5% of the IDUs in 1985/86, 14.5% in 1986/87, 27.7% in 1988, 29.7% in 1989 and 26.9% in 1990. Sharing was extensive in infected IDUs. After introduction of methadone maintenance in Austria more than 50% of the IDUs were receiving methadone and, in 1990, 88% of the infected IDUs were treated with methadone.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Not Available].

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History, Modern 1601-↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of long term bentonite administration on mixed element metabolism in dwarf goats].

Pigmy goats were experimentally examined for the effects of subchronic oral applications of high doses of GDR-made bentonite on their mass element status (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium sodium, potassium). The argillaceous mineral caused slightly reduced incorporation of calcium in the bones. Bentonite-related reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity cannot be ruled out as a causative factor. Magnesium concentrations in blood serum and liver of bentonite-treated pigm goats were lower with significance than those recorded from controls. Phosphorus, sodium, and potassium metabolism was not substantively altered by bentonite application. A sodium substitution effect might possibly be achieved by admixture of bentonite to feed rations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of long-term bentonite administration on the metabolism of selected trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) in the dwarf goat].

Experiments were conducted with dwarf goats to investigate effects of 160 days of oral application of high doses of bentonite on the trace element status (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn). High levels of iron compounds in bentonite batches caused intensified incorporation of these elements into liver and kidney of dwarf goat. Copper and zinc incorporations were reduced but manganese incorporation was increased by oral application of bentonite.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Diagnosis and clinical evaluation of iron overload.

Diagnostic evaluation of the various forms of iron overload requires information about the total amount and distribution of iron stores. Direct information on the quantity of storage iron can be obtained only by its mobilization in response to repeated phlebotomy or after dilution of a labelled iron test dose in the total body iron pool. Both approaches are cumbersome and time-consuming and are suitable only for research purposes. Detailed information on the amount and distribution of tissue iron in iron overload can be obtained from biopsy specimens of the major iron storage organs such as the liver and bone marrow. However, the invasive nature of these procedures limits their clinical usefulness. Indirect measures, such as serum iron concentration, TIBC saturation, serum ferritin, chelate-induced urinary iron excretion or intestinal iron absorption, and ferrokinetic measurements may provide useful information on the amount of total body iron reserve. However, they all have important limitations in their diagnostic use for evaluating iron overload. The most suitable indirect storage iron index among these methods is the ferritin assay, which has a well established place in the diagnosis of iron overload and monitoring of the effect of therapy. Recent developments in physical methods such as CT, SQUID and NMR have significantly improved the applicability of these techniques for non-invasive measurement of liver iron. It is expected that quantitative measurement of hepatic iron stores will soon be integrated into the diagnostic procedures available by imaging techniques such as CT and NMR. In combination with screening parameters such as serum ferritin and TIBC saturation these new but expensive diagnostic tools may simplify and shorten the diagnostic process and may also be useful for monitoring the treatment of iron overload by phlebotomy or chelating drugs.

Biopsy↗