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Biomedical subjects

E Weber

Publications and source records attributed to E Weber.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[More accidents due to daylight saving time? A comparative study on the distribution of accidents at different times of day prior to and following the introduction of Central European Summer Time (CEST) (author's transl)].

In the summer of 1980 for the first time clocks in the Federal Republic of Germany were advanced 1 h ahead of Central European Time (CET), which had been in use until then. In a sample of a total of 1070 accident patients, who had accidents on data pairs taken from the months of May 1979 (before the introduction of the so-called Central European Summer Time- CEST) and May 1980, comparable by day of the week, holiday, and weather conditions, and were seen at the University of Heidelberg Dept. of Surgery, a statistically significant increase in accident frequency between 7:30 p.m. and 5:30 a.m. was found when comparing the years 1979 and 1980 (P less than 0.05). At the same time, the services of the outpatient department were claimed to a greater extent in the evening and night time in 1980 than prior to the introduction of CEST. Since the sample must be considered comparably as to age and sex distribution as well as calendar days and climatic influence, and change in routine due to the adaptation to daylight saving time is discussed as the most probable reason for the observed increase in accidents. The influence of CEST apparently exceeds a short adjustment phase. Further studies are recommended to investigate a possible correlation between daylight saving time and an increased risk of accidents.

Accidents↗
PubMed1982

Interleukin 1 activity in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The synovial fluids (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated for their effects on thymocytes of C3H/HeJ mice. Of the 20 SF tested, 17 (85%) showed an augmentation of the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced thymocyte stimulation. Out of 16 SF of patients with osteoarthrosis, such an activity was detected in only one (6.25%). Further characterisation of the amplification factor revealed that (1) the SF of RA patients augmented both the PHA and the Concanavalin A response of the thymocytes (2) in the absence of mitogens, SF-treated thymocytes showed an increased uptake of 3H-thymidine, (3) the SF did not propagate the growth of an interleukin 2 dependent ovalbumin specific T cell clone, but (4) the SF were found to be required for optimal interleukin 2 release by spleen cells stimulated with suboptimal doses of lectin. Based on these biological effects the factor in the SF of RA patients is suggested to represent an interleukin 1 (IL-1). IL-1 produced in cultures by activated macrophages has been shown to stimulate T and B cell functions and to induce the production of collagenase and prostaglandins by cultured synovial cells. Both properties of IL-1 could be relevant in the pathogenesis of RA.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Elimination of azlocillin in patients with biliary t-tube drainage.

The pharmacokinetic of azlocillin was followed in five elderly patients after biliary surgery. Total clearance was 138.6 +/- 17.7 ml/min when 2.0 g was given as an i.v. bolus injection. The half-life of the beta-phase averaged 110 min. The total clearance and the half-life of azlocillin were influenced by slight impairment of renal function (creatinine clearance 59.4 +/- 13.6 ml/min). In patients with normal liver function biliary excretion of the drug amounted to 5.3 +/- 2.8% of the dose (n = 3) and the kinetics of biliary excretion were linear. In contrast, in two patients with impaired liver function biliary excretion was 0.2% and 0.5% of the dose, and kinetic analysis of biliary excretion rates revealed at least one zero order step in the excretion process. Renal excretion of the drug amounted to 45.0 +/- 17.7% of the dose, which means that 50% of the total clearance of azlocillin has to be accounted for by metabolic clearance.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Lack of effect of cimetidine on action of phenprocoumon.

In patients on oral warfarin, nicoumalone and phenindione an increase in the anticoagulant effect has been described during concomitant treatment with cimetidine. Therefore the effect of cimetidine on the steady state dynamics of phenprocoumon has been investigated in ten outpatients. No change in the anticoagulant effect of phenprocoumon was observed during or after two weeks on cimetidine, as measured by the thrombotest coagulation method, prothrombin time, fibrinopeptide A concentration and plasma phenprocoumon level. The data show that cimetidine does not interact with the metabolism of phenprocoumon in contrast to warfarin. Thus, phenprocoumon maintenance therapy when combined with concomitant cimetidine treatment can be considered not to carry an increased risk of haemorrhagic complications.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMed1982

[Animal experiments to assess the risk of cancer in the stomach after vagotomy (author's transl)].

To assess the possible risk of cancer in the operated stomach, the influence of truncal vagotomy combined with different operative drainage procedures (pyloroplasty, gastro-enterostomy without entero-anastomosis, Roux-en-Y gastro-enterostomy) was studied in animal experiments. The aim of the study was to determine whether, compared to controls an earlier and higher incidence of precancerous epithelial lesions or cancers in the stomach occurs in vagotomized animals after oral administration of carcinogens (MNNG). To consider conditions, that may predispose to in vivo formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, bacterial flora and intragastric nitrite concentration were measured and compared in the various operative groups. The severity of induced epithelial lesions and the quantity of bacterial growth and nitrite concentration in the gastric juice were influenced, apart from the reduction of acid output after vagotomy, mainly by prolonged gastric stasis or the degree of enterogastric reflux. The results suggest that there is probably no increased risk of cancer following vagotomy, if sufficient gastric clearance is guaranteed and enterogastric reflux is largely excluded.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immunohistochemical distribution of alpha-neo-endorphin/dynorphin neuronal systems in rat brain: evidence for colocalization.

alpha-Neo-endorphin and dynorphin immunoreactivities in rat brain were visualized by double antibody immunofluorescence of frozen sections. Antibodies were used that were specific for their respective antigens. The pattern of neuronal immunostaining produced by alpha-neo-endorphin and dynorphin antisera in adjacent serial sections was completely superimposible. No areas were found in which alpha-neo-endorphin or dynorphin immunoreactivities existed alone. The following brain regions contained alpha-neo-endorphin/dynorphin-immunoreactive fibers and terminals: the median forebrain bundle, the internal capsule, the substantia nigra, the hypothalamus, the nucleus accumbens, the hippocampus, and the medulla oblongata. A few fibers were seen in the cerebral cortex and in the corpus striatum. In many regions, this neuronal fiber system seems to overlap the neuronal system previously described to contain [Met]-/[Leu]enkephalin-immunoreactive material. In brains from colchicine-treated animals, numerous alpha-neo-endorphin/dynorphin-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were seen in the supraoptic, retrochiasmatic supraoptic, paraventricular, and magnocellular accessory nuclei of the hypothalamus. It is concluded that alpha-neo-endorphin-like and dynorphin-like immunoreactivities are part of the same neuronal system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Estimation of biliary excretion of ureidopenicillins in healthy volunteers using marker dilution technique.

1 Aspiration of duodenal fluid and estimation of recovery by a marker dilution technique was adapted to measure the biliary excretion of two chemically related ureidopenicillins, mezlocillin and azlocillin, in healthy volunteers. 2 The drug was infused intravenously at a constant rate over a period of 6 h during which duodenal fluid was aspirated through the distal opening of a triple-lumen polyvinyl tube. 3 Drug levels in plasma, urine and duodenal fluid were determined by h.p.l.c. 4 Biliary excretion rate was calculated by multiplying the concentration in the duodenal fluid by the dilution factor resulting from the dilution of marker substance infused through the proximal opening of the triple-lumen tube. 5 Since the results obtained by the marker dilution technique are comparable to data obtained by studies in patients with t-tube drainage following biliary surgery, it can be concluded that the method is useful to measure the biliary excretion of drugs in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cimetidine does not increase the anticoagulant effect of phenprocoumon.

In patients on oral warfarin, nicoumalone and phenindione an increase of the anticoagulant effect has been described during concomitant treatment with cimetidine. Therefore we have investigated the effect of cimetidine on the steady state dynamics of phenprocoumon in ten outpatients. No changes in the anticoagulant effect and the plasma phenprocoumon levels were observed during and after 2 weeks application of cimetidine. The data show that cimetidine does not interact with the metabolism of phenprocoumon in contrast to warfarin.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMed1982

Differences of sympathomimetic and anticholinergic action of OH-maprotiline and its R (-)-enantiomer.

1 C 49802 B-Ba and CGP 12103/A are the racemate and the R (-)-enantiomer respectively of the hydroxylated derivative of the tetracyclic antidepressant maprotiline, which differed in their ability to block noradrenaline-uptake and in their anticholinergic activity in animal models. 2 The sympathomimetic and anticholinergic activities of both substances were evaluated in eight healthy subjects and compared with the treatment with placebo and amitriptyline. 3 Heart rate, pupillary diameter, stimulated salivary flow rate and blood pressure were measured over a 15 h period keeping a very strict protocol. Plasma catecholamine levels were determined. 4 Saliva production was diminished following the administration of C 49802 B-Ba, CGP 12103/A and amitriptyline. 5 A moderate, but significant increase in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure in the recumbent position was observed when C 49802 B-Ba was given. 6 The results in man are in agreement with the different activities found in animal experiments. 7 It can be concluded that the S (+)-enantiomer which the racemate contains is more active than the R (-)-enantiomer as to the anticholinergic and the sympathomimetic property.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Vitamins and trace elements in the elderly (author's transl)].

A review of published research data on the requirement, intake, and signs of deficiency of vitamins and trace elements in old age is presented. It particularly deals with the problem of a general indication for vitamins and trace element supplements - the mean components of geriatric preparations. Special emphasis is laid on the question if these substances exhibit a specific effect on the alterations of physical and psychic capacity typically accompanying the growing old. It could be shown that in several groups of the elderly diminished vitamin levels are common and/or vitamin and trace element intake does not reach daily recommended allowances. But it still remains unclear if these findings have to be considered as disease symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Production of prostaglandin E and an interleukin-1 like factor by cultured astrocytes and C6 glioma cells.

When treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cultured murine astrocytes released significant amounts of prostaglandin E, which caused an inhibition of the in vitro proliferative response of C3H/HeJ thymocytes to mitogen. In addition, an interleukin 1 (IL 1)-like factor secreted by LPS-treated glia cell cultures and by C6 glioma cells was detected. The characterization of the factor as an IL 1-like mediator is based on the findings that the factor 1) enhances the mitogen-induced thymocyte proliferation, 2) exhibits no interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity, but 3) augments IL 2 production by mitogen-stimulated thymocytes, and 4) has a m.w. between 13,500 and 18,000 when generated in serum-free conditions. These observations suggest that astrocytes may interact with the immune system by elaborating nonspecific factors that modulate lymphocyte proliferation. This property of astrocytes may be important in the generation of specific immune responses in the brain, which is considered to be an immunologically privileged organ as it is anatomically sequestered from the immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of storage proteins in Vicia faba seeds.

The main storage proteins legumin and vicilin were located by immuno-labeling with protein A-gold in formaldehyde fixed tissues of Vicia faba seeds at different developmental stages. Both proteins were found to be accumulated together in the same protein bodies. Besides these organelles only the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is labeled in particular developmental stages of the cotyledons. A fraction of proteins accumulated in the vacuoles at earlier stages of development also represents storage proteins. Besides the formation of protein bodies by the ER a second route of origination from vacuoles is proposed for Vicia faba seeds at early developmental stages.

Cell Compartmentation↗
PubMed1982

[Opening of anorectal abscesses--with or without splitting of the fistula?].

An anorectal abscess has to be deroofed. If, in addition, a fistula is present, it is our policy (in a teaching institution with surgeons in training) to incise it only if easily visualized and situated up to the dentate line. Of 79 anorectal abscesses drainage alone was performed in 55 (group 1) and drainage with fistulatomy in 24 (group 2). One-third of the patients in group 1 needed a secondary fistula operation, but most of the others were free of symptoms after one intervention. In group 2 all but one of the patients were cured by the combined procedure. Incontinence was observed in none.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Altered hydroxylation rate of triamterene in patients with liver cirrhosis.

After oral administration of triamterene to four patients with liver cirrhosis the triameterene (TA) metabolism was altered. The ratio of AUCs of p-hydroxy-triamterene-sulfuric acid ester (OH-TA-ester)/triamterene (TA) was 1.0 +/- 1.0 in cirrhotic patients compared with 7.5 +/- 3.9 in control patients (p less than 0.025). Cumulative urinary excretion of TA was higher and that of OH-TA-ester lower in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with patients without liver disease. The results indicate that the metabolism of TA is influenced by liver cirrhosis. The extent of impairment of the metabolism of TA is correlated to reduced galactose-elimination capacity. This may be an indicator of reduced redox potential of the liver cell.

Adult↗