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Biomedical subjects

E Walker

Publications and source records attributed to E Walker.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effect of postnatal undernutrition on ketone metabolism and its relation to metabolic changes in brain and liver of rats.

The effects of undernutrition on ketone metabolism and its relation to brain growth in developing rats were studied. In the first series of experiments, undernutrition was induced by increasing the litterr size from 4 to 16 pups. Body weight of pups was inversely related to litter size. Increasing the litter size lowered brain weight by 6-16% and liver weight by 20-46%. The ratio of brain weight:body weight was greater by 16 to 39% in the larger litters. Increasing the litter size did not alter concentration of brain lipid. liver glycogen or plasma ketone bodies. In the second series of experiments, undernutrition was induced by restricting maternal dietary intake to 40% of that of the control dam. This undernutrition caused a more pronounced growth retardation than that resulting from increasing litte size. At 14 days of age, the mean body weight of the undernourished group was 44% lower than the control value. The dietary restriction lowered brain weight by 19%, liver weight by 38%, liver glycogen by 47%, brain lipid by 11%, plasma ketone bodies by 30%, glucose by 37% and the rate of hepatic ketogenesis by 28%. The results suggest that brain-growth retardation is related to low brain lipids and impaired ketone metabolism.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1982

Antigen-specific. I region-restricted interactions in vitro between tumor cell lines and T cell hybridomas.

A series of H-2d B cell tumor lines and one monocytic tumor cell line were shown to be capable of I region-restricted antigen presentation to I-A-d- and I-Ed- restricted, antigen-specific cloned T cell hybridomas. For the most part, antigen presentation correlated with the present of Ia antigens on the presenting cells, although in a few interesting cases Ia-expression lines failed to present antigen. These T cell hybridomas, together with the B cell and to monocyte tumor cell lines, offer a unique set of tools to study the phenomenon of I region-restricted antigen presentation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen presentation to antigen-reactive T cells by B lymphocyte tumor cells.

Previous reports have demonstrated that accessory cells function to present soluble protein antigens in association with gene products encoded within the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to antigen-reactive T helper cells. The biochemical events that occur during antigen presentation are, however, not well-documented primarily because of the difficulties involved in purifying sufficient numbers of homogeneous antigen-presenting cells. In this paper, a number of Ia-positive B lymphocyte tumor lines are shown to be capable of presenting soluble protein antigens to antigen-reactive continuous T cell lines in an MHC-restricted fashion. The characterization of the antigen presentation function of these tumor cells indicates that the tumor cells have many of the functional antigen-presenting characteristics previously thought to be limited to macrophages. These tumor cells should provide a useful model system for determining the biochemical events that occur in antigen uptake and processing as well as for determining the potential interactions between processed antigen and Ia molecules on the plasma membrane of these antigen-presenting cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Attentional and neuromotor functions of schizophrenics, schizoaffectives, and patients with other affective disorders.

Evaluation of attentional and neuromotor functions in 45 patients meeting the Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and other affective disorders showed that schizoaffectives could not be distinguished from patients with other affective disorders by any of the measures. However, schizophrenics differed from the other diagnostic groups on four measures: they showed significantly more oculomotor, stereognosis, and right-left identification abnormalities and more errors of omission on the attentional task under distraction conditions. The findings of this study are consistent with earlier reports that schizoaffectives are not generally different from patients with other affective disorders in family history, treatment response, or long-term outcome. There is not yet sufficient etiologic or behavioral evidence to indicate that schizoaffective disorder is a valid diagnostic category.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A reinterpretation of findings on hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia.

The results of an earlier study on dichotic listening in schizophrenic patients (J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 164: 247-252, 1977) were recently reinterpreted by one of the authors (J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 168: 241-242, 1980). The reinterpretation was based on new evidence suggesting that schizophrenia is associated with an overactive and dysfunctional left cerebral hemisphere. The present paper points out an apparent contradiction in the earlier findings and subsequent research, and offers an alternative reinterpretation which seems to provide a more parsimonious explanation for the results. The alternative reinterpretation is based on the hypotheses of faulty interhemispheric transfer in schizophrenia.

Brain↗