Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Wagner.
90 pairs of measurements were evaluated to determine the correlation between the combined setting and thermal expansion of the investment Deguvest HFG and the width of the gap of the rings casted by Degulor M. The correlation is significant but not especially strict.
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Lipoprotein lipase from dialyzed and lyophilized bovine skim milk hydrolyses specifically the ester in position 1 of triacylglycerols and of enantiomeric alkyldiacylglycerols. No such specificity could be observed when enantiomeric dialkylacylglycerols were used as substrates since hydrolysis in positions 1 and 3 occurred at the same rate. Dialkylacylglycerols are, therefore, unsuitable as model substrates for the assay of the stereospecificity of lipases.
As part of a study of drug treatment of aggressive behavior to be reported separately, we have evaluated the double-blind procedure in a recently completed comparison of the efficacy of lithium carbonate versus placebo in modifying aggressive behavior in nonpsychotic incarcerated delinquents. We conclude that the side effects of lithium carbonate are sufficient to reveal the medication to most subjects receiving it. Thus, while the study staff could not identify lithium-receivers at better than chance levels, and while subjects who received placebo could not identify their medication at better than chance levels, subjects who received lithium could accurately identify it. On a weekly symptom check list there was no difference between lithium and placebo groups on average lithium target symptoms reported during 4-week pre- and postmedication control periods; however, lithium-receivers reported significantly more target symptoms every week medication was administered. Of 16 subjects who quit the study, 14 had received lithium and nearly all of those who gave reasons for quitting specified side effects, most often nausea. The methodological problems of using lithium in a double-blind design might be overcome by employing a "discontinuation" design, or, speculatively, a double-blind, cross-over design utilizing an "active placebo".
The authors conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effect of lithium on aggressive behavior. The 66 subjects, who were prisoners in a medium security institution, ranged in age from 16 to 24 years, were physically healthy and nonpsychotic, and had histories of chronic impulsive aggressive behavior. Subjects received lithium or placebo daily for up to 3 months. There was a significant reduction in aggressive behavior in the lithium group as measured by a decrease in infractions involving violence. The authors suggest that lithium can have a clinically useful effect upon impulsive aggressive behavior when this behavior is not associated with psychosis.
Starting from 3,3'-spirobi-5-bromomethyltetrahydrofuranone-2 (2) the amino derivatives 3a--g were obtained. The pharmacological examination showed that the new compounds are deprived of the hypnotic activity characteristic for 3,3'-spirobi-5-methyltetrahydrofuranone-2 (2) and behaved in most tests as tranquillizers.
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Evidence is presented for endogenous rhythmicity in energy transducing sequences of cellular metabolism which result in a circadian rhythm in adenylate "energy charge" and redox state (NADPH/NADP). From phase dependent photocontrol of enzymatic activity and pyridine nucleotide pool-size levels it is concluded that light - via photoreceptor(s) of photoperiodic control - modulates energy flow under conditions where overall energy transduction displays a circadian rhythm. The results are discussed in relation to temporal organization of development in general.
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The effects of specific dead tumor cell immunization and nonspecific immunostimulation with Corynebacterium parvum on the s.c. growth of the line 1 carcinoma in syngeneic BALB/c mice have been studied. Injection of heavily irradiated line ) carcinoma cells did not inhibit the transplantability or growth of the line 1 carcinoma, and in certain cases these treatments actually prolonged the period of rapid growth. This latter observation was traced to a mild inhibition of metastatic spread, which itself can slow the s.c. tumor growth. Treatment of the mice with 0.25 mg of C. parvum 7 days prior to transplant of the tumor had no effect on its growth by itself; but in combination with i.v.-injected tumor cells, which themselves had no effect on tumor growth, a 45% inhibition of tumor growth was induced. These data demonstrate that, in the weekly immunogenic line 1 carcinoma system, inhibition of s.c. transplants requires not only exposure to tumor antigens but also stimulation of the immunological reactivity.
The interaction between line 1 carcinomas growing s.c. and their spontaneous (or artificial) metastases has been studied in syngeneic BALB/c mice. In contrast to typical murine tumor systems, concomitant immunity, or the ability of primary tumors to suppress the growth of metastases, develops very slowly in this system, such that the metastases that are shed within the first week of tumor growth survive and ultimately prove lethal to the host. The rate of development of concomitant immunity can be accelerated by increasing the hosts' tumor burden or decelerated by exposure of the hosts to X-rays prior to tumor transplant. This cancer system offers, therefore, an excellent model for the therapy of metastases that cannot be obtained with typical murine tumors.
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