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Biomedical subjects

E Virolainen

Publications and source records attributed to E Virolainen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

In vitro effects of tamoxifen on UM-SCC head and neck cancer cell lines: correlation with the estrogen and progesterone receptor content.

Eleven squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines derived from patients with head and neck cancer were tested together with the MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line for in vitro growth inhibition by tamoxifen. MCF-7 is known to contain cytosolic receptors for estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR), androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid. We have previously reported the ER, PgR and AR contents of these 11 head-and-neck SCC cancer lines. Starting from day 3 or 4 after passage, cultures were fed daily with medium containing 5% dextran-charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum (D5) and 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 or 10 microM tamoxifen. Eight of the 11 SCC lines and MCF-7 showed more than 60% growth inhibition when fed with 5 microM tamoxifen. Of these 8 SCC cell lines, 3 contained both ER and PgR, 4 contained only PgR, and one contained neither receptor. The 3 cell lines that were not inhibited by tamoxifen failed to express either ER or PgR. The action of tamoxifen on the cell lines was further investigated by examining the reversibility and the rate of recovery from tamoxifen-induced growth inhibition in the presence or absence of estrogen. MCF-7 and two ER- and PgR-positive SCC cell lines, UM-SCC-12 and UM-SCC-9, recovered more rapidly when the tamoxifen was replaced with medium containing 17-beta estradiol (E2) than when it was replaced with D5 medium alone. However, of the other tamoxifen-inhibited cell lines studied, each recovered equally well whether the tamoxifen was replaced with D5 medium or with D5 medium containing E2. Furthermore, some cell lines spontaneously resumed growth within 4 to 5 days in the presence of tamoxifen if no new tamoxifen was added to the culture dish. This ability is specific for some cell lines, and further study is required to determine its significance.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

Growth inhibition of laryngeal UM-SCC cell lines by tamoxifen. Comparison with effects on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.

Six laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines and the MCF-7 breast cancer line, all of which contain estrogen and progesterone receptors, were tested for in vitro growth inhibition by the antiestrogen tamoxifen citrate. Cell line MCF-7 was more sensitive to growth retardation at 1 mumol/L of tamoxifen citrate, but SCC lines showed higher sensitivity than MCF-7 to cytotoxic effects at higher drug concentrations (7 to 10 mumol/L). A cytostatic level of growth inhibition was produced by 5 mumol/L tamoxifen citrate for both types of cell lines. When tamoxifen and estradiol were added to cultures simultaneously, partial reversal of growth inhibition was observed with MCF-7 but not with UM-SCC-5. All of the cell lines recovered from inhibition when tamoxifen was replaced with 0.1 mumol/L estradiol, but laryngeal SCC lines recovered equally well in estradiol-free medium, whereas MCF-7 recovered only partially in the absence of estradiol. These findings indicate that there are at least two tamoxifen receptor sites--one for which estradiol is a competitor and one for which it is not--and that tamoxifen reversibly blocks growth and may synchronize SCC cells.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Steroid hormone receptors in laryngeal carcinoma.

The larynx has long been shown to be a target organ for androgenic steroids in both women and men, and specific androgen receptors have been determined in normal laryngeal mucosa and in laryngeal carcinoma tissue. In this study, samples from 21 primary laryngeal carcinomas, from 4 recurrent laryngeal carcinomas and from 1 cervical metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma were obtained at the time of surgery to assay specific androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors. Specific androgen receptors were found in 8 samples (31%). The level of receptors varied from 1.7 femtomoles (fmol) per milligram to 7.3 fmol/mg cytosol protein. Detectable levels of specific estrogen receptors were found in 18 samples (69%) and progesterone receptors in 8 of the 15 samples studied (53%). There was no apparent correspondence with donors' sex, since samples from both females and males contained all kinds of receptors. We know that antiestrogen inhibits the growth of squamous carcinoma cells lines positive for estrogen receptors in vitro and that this effect is reversible with the appropriate hormone. Thus, the relatively high percentage of estrogen and progesterone receptors found in laryngeal carcinoma tissue may open new aspects in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma with antihormones.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Cefadroxil in the treatment of susceptible infections in infants and children.

The efficacy and safety of cefadroxil in the treatment of paediatric patients with a wide variety of infections were evaluated in a multicentre clinical trial. This study included 395 infants and children with Group A streptococcal pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia or bronchopneumonia, urinary tract infections and acute gastroenteritis. Cefadroxil was given as a suspension in a daily dose of 30 to 50 mg/kg in 2 divided doses every 12 hours to all but 76 patients; 50 patients with acute otitis media were given 100 mg/kg/day in 2 doses and 26 patients with urinary tract infections received 25 mg/day once daily. Of 317 patients with respiratory tract infections and 78 with urinary or gastrointestinal infections, 95 and 100%, respectively, were clinically cured following treatment with cefadroxil.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Identification of respiratory virus antigens in middle ear fluids of children with acute otitis media.

Antigens of respiratory viruses were tested by immunoassay of the middle ear fluids and nasopharyngeal secretions of 137 children with acute otitis media. The following were found: (1) an epidemic of infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) caused a significant increase in the occurrence of acute otitis media. (2) Fifteen percent of the children had RSV antigens in middle ear fluid, and in 7% RSV was the sole pathogen found. Adenovirus antigens were found in the middle ear fluid of 3% of the children. (3) Bacteriologic findings in otitis media related and unrelated to viral (RSV) infection were similar. These findings indicate that some episodes of otitis media are associated with viral infection and that the disease may be solely due to viral infection. Thus, at least during an epidemic of respiratory virus infections, treatment failures--e.g., fever and earache unresponsive to antimicrobial therapy--may be due to a viral etiology of acute otitis media.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1984

Steroid hormone receptors in human squamous carcinoma cell lines.

Specific estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors were determined in 19 well-characterized squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. Ten of the lines were derived from patients with SCC of the larynx and nine were from patients with SCC originating in other areas of the head and neck. Estrogen receptors (ER) were found in seven of 10 cell lines derived from squamous cancers of the larynx (70%) but in only one of the nine SCC cell lines from sites other than larynx. Progesterone receptors (PGR) were more evenly distributed. Eight of the 10 laryngeal carcinoma cell lines (80%) and five of the nine non-laryngeal SCC lines (55%) had progesterone receptors. Only one cell line, UM-SCC-10B (derived from a recurrent carcinoma of the larynx) was found to express androgen receptors (AR). Expression of specific estrogen receptors was not dependent on the sex of the patients since lines from both males and females contained receptors. These results establish that squamous carcinoma cell lines may express specific steroid hormone receptors and that cell lines from cancers of the larynx (an organ known to be androgen-responsive) are more likely to express estrogen receptors than androgen receptors. From this initial survey it appears that there is a striking difference in estrogen and progesterone receptor content between SCC cell lines originating from larynx cancers and cell lines established from squamous carcinomas of other head and neck regions. The presence of estrogen receptors in a high proportion of laryngeal carcinoma cell lines suggests that hormonal therapy may be a useful adjunctive therapy in selected patients with cancer of the larynx.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1984

Audiological and vestibular findings in 219 cases of meningitis.

The audiological and electronystagmographic follow-up results of 219 children with different forms of meningitis are presented. The findings for hearing loss are roughly comparable with those of earlier reports. There have been no previous systematic studies on children with meningitis. Our electronystagmographic results show continuous nystagmus, evenly distributed in different aetiological groups, in 26 patients (12%), directional preponderance in 11 patients (5%) and canal paresis in three patients (1.5%). Disconjugate eye movements indicating a possible brain-stem lesion were observed in seven patients (3%). Eye movements were registered individually for both eyes. None of our patients had clinically significant vertigo. The electronystagmographic findings did not appear with hearing loss, indicating that vestibular disorders may develop independently. Our results support the view that electronystagmography should be performed routinely on every child who has had meningitis.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1983

Factors affecting the growth of head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines.

Cell plating density influences the growth pattern of human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines in culture. SCC lines were used to study factors responsible for these effects. Experiments in which the medium was changed daily or in which conditioned medium was used showed that the growth-supporting factors were not found in the media. However, when cells were plated in dishes in which the same cell line had been grown to confluence and removed by scraping, logarithmic growth began immediately. The effect was not seen on areas of the plate that had been covered with coverslips or in dishes where fibroblasts had been cultured. Antibodies to fibronectin, laminin, and a variety of epidermal cell antigens were used to determine the nature of the growth-stimulating substances remaining on the dish following cell removal. Results indicate that an extracellular matrix with similarities to basement membranes was present on the conditioned dishes.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1980

The cochlear component in operated otosclerosis after a mean period of 16 years. A follow-up study.

107 patients operated on for otosclerosis were studied after an average of 16 years after the operation. The mean age-corrected bone thresholds measured after the postoperative stabilization period and at the follow-up examination did not differ significantly. Our results support the opinion that, in cases of operated otosclerosis, the sensorineural component follows the clinical course of presbyacusis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate on the recurrence of nasal polyps after ethmoidectomy.

The purpose of this work was to examine in a double blind study the ability of beclomethasone dipropionate to prevent recurrence of nasal polyps in patients in whom radical ethmoidectomy had been performed immediately before. It analyzes the results in terms of the patients subjective symptoms, clinical status and rhinomanometry. After the follow-up period of one year 86% of the patients in the beclomethasone group and 60% in the placebo group had no subjective nasal symptoms. In clinical examination polyps were absent in 54% in the beclomethasone group and in 13% in the placebo group. Rhinomanometrically there was normal nasal patency in 68% in the beclomethasone and in 33% in the placebo group.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

The effect of intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate on the nasal mucosa.

In a double blind study the effect of intranasal beclomethasone diproprionate aerosol (BDA) on the morphology of the mucosa of the middle nasal turbinate was examined. Histological specimens were taken from 22 patients receiving BDA and from 15 patients who had received a placebo. Specimens were taken before therapy and after one year of treatment. Polypectomy and ethmoidectomy had been performed on all patients prior to the beginning of treatment. The histological changes of allergic rhinitis were diminished to a greater extent in patients receiving BDA than in the patients in the placebo group. BDA therapy did not cause atrophic rhinitis nor other detrimental changes that could be demonstrated histologically.

Administration, Intranasal↗