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Biomedical subjects

E V Polzik

Publications and source records attributed to E V Polzik.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Relation between genetic and non-genetic factors of individual susceptibility to silicosis].

The study was carried out at a number of industrial enterprises at risk of silicosis by means of the methodological approach based on the mathematical theory of image discrimination. It was shown that under the given conditions of dust exposure higher or lower probability of the development of silicosis and silicotuberculosis in an individual depended on the whole set of environment and endogenic factors, involving genetic predisposition to the disease as one of the leading factors. The impact of the above factors being similar irrespective of the type of the enterprise, their comparative contribution could be different. Thus reliable prediction of high probability of the disease development could be provided by means of the method of multifactorial analysis only as applied to specific conditions of the given enterprise. In spite of low prevalence of the genotype of silicosis- and silicotuberculosis-associated resistance, under the exposure to quartz dust, high probability of the disease development was predicted only in a number of cases if other individual symptoms were taken into account along the genotype. Therefore it became possible to identify the most susceptible persons at the stage of medical vocational selection.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1989

[Complex analysis of factors affecting continuance of work activities of older workers].

The study of male and female workers of different industries demonstrated that deterioration of health state was the main cause for restraining labour activity of the retired. Mathematical simulator-based forecasting revealed that some medical, preventive and organizational measures could be sufficiently effective in the solution of the problems of prolongation of the labour period of older age groups of workers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Some aspects of the problem of individual predisposition to silicosis.

Based on experimental and epidemiological data findings presented here, as well as on data of other investigators, the authors conclude that a wide interindividual variability of susceptibility to silicosis is a real phenomenon. This susceptibility depends on both intrinsic features of the host and the influence of many environmental factors. The effect of any such factor is realized at different stages of silicosis pathogenesis and in close interrelation with the influence of other factors. The necessity of multifactorial analysis is stressed, and an example of such analysis is presented.

Acclimatization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The evaluation of the effect of chemical and radiation factors on the health of the population in an industrial city].

Kamensk-Ural'skiy, Sverdlovsk Province, is one of the Russian industrial cities and towns exposed to a combination of radiation and chemical pollutions. This is a large industrial center of the mid-Urals, where enterprises of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, power engineering. Intensive chemical and radiation pollutions of Kamensk-Ural'skiy have an adverse impact on its population's health, which is manifested by higher morbidity rates among both children and adolescents. Comparing its matched areas by using routine analytical methods has defined the contribution of radiation to increased morbidity in different age groups, which is caused by a combination of chemical and radiation pollutions of the environment. The incidence of concomitant diseases may be an important additional indicator of the impact of environmental pollution on human health.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An estimation of the effect of low doses of irradiation on the population in the area of the eastern Urals radioactive trace on the health status of offspring].

High morbidity among the children whose parents and/or grandparents who resided in the areas with relatively low pollution levels (0.2-2.0 Ci/km2) after the 1957 radiation accident at the production association "Mayak" is mainly formed under the influence of combined social, hygienic, and biomedical factors. The very residence of any child's ancestor in the low polluted areas produce no substantial impact on the nonspecific resistance of children.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of technogenic pollution as a risk factor in morbidity of preschool children].

The paper shows it adequate to apply a systems approach to assessing the role of technogenic pollution of the environment in the system of socio-hygienic and biomedical factors that affect the morbidity among pre-school children by using the epidemiological survey in the area of the Revdinsk-Pervouralsk industrial center as an example.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems in reforming health care centers].

Reformation of therapeutic and prophylactic institutions attached to various institutions and ministries is and important problem of public health at the modern stage of its development. A model developed and tried in Magnitogorsk can serve as a perspective trend of such reforms. A medical institution with mixed form of property has been created. The institution was set up by administration of the territory and a plant (Magnitogorsk metallurgical plant). Creation of a new health center as a non-commercial institution promoted its integration in the municipal public health system; the institution possesses all the potentialities of a budget organization and retains close contact with the plant. Such a solution of the problem improved the financial status of the health center and promoted its adaptation to marketing conditions. Attraction of additional finances from industry to municipal public health allowed the administration of the health center start and carry out internal restructuring aimed at priority development of outpatient care, restructuring of the bed fund, technological updating, and, in general, more rational utilization of the available resources.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the efficiency of the activities of therapeutic and preventive services].

Two methodological approaches to evaluation of the efficiency of medical activities, based on estimation of an integral index and expert evaluations, were investigated in 14 hospitals of Chelyabinsk. Both approaches are based on 12 parameters characterizing the work of outpatient clinics and hospitals and are routinely used in medical statistics. Comparison of classifications of treatment-and-prophylaxis institutions of Chelyabinsk in 1994-1998 obtained with the use of both methods showed that the method based on estimation of the integral parameter is more objective. Its another advantage is the possibility to modify the number of signs used and thus to evaluate the efficiency of the entire medical institution and its structural units (outpatient center, hospital). The efficiency rating can serve as the basis for adopting appropriate managing decisions.

Health Care Reform↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methodological approaches to developing programs on children's health management].

The development of specific plants of action to manage the health of different population groups should be based on the results of pilot studies whose purpose is to obtain information that is useful and understandable for decision makers. To improve the health of children living in the town of Gai, Orenburg Region, which is one of the most pressing problems for the town, 100 potential risk factors of frequent diseases among preschool children were analyzed. It has been shown that the frequent occurrence of diseases may be due to the influence of a complex of biomedical and sociohygienic factors. The use of multifactorial analysis permits one not only to assess a role of each factor, but to predict the effectiveness of different preventive measures. The findings yielded a scientifically grounded interdepartmental program for children's health improvement.

Child Welfare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of efficiency of the region's health facilities].

A comprehensive study of the efficiency of activities of 5 principle therapeutic-and-preventive institutions (TPI) was conducted in a typical Ural industrial region by using the traditional and newly developed approaches. Both the medical and economic efficiency of their activities was found to be not high in a majority of them. The analysis results were used to work out a scientifically substantiated program for reforming the health care system of the region.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comprehensive evaluation of the management effectiveness in a multi-specialty hospital].

The medical-and-economic efficiency, involving the traditional, newly designed and tested methodic approaches, was evaluated in respect to 19 inhospital department of a multidiscipline hospital in the city of Yekaterinburg. A necessity was proven to use the integral indices in assessing the medical efficiency. The economic and medical efficiencies were found to coincide in 62.5% of cases, which is indicative of that it is not always the case, when the amount of the spent means directly influence the activity output. The study results showed that the technology of integral assessments of the medical-and-economic activity efficiency enables the hospital's manager to define the best and worst functioning units and to make subsequently the appropriate correcting managerial decisions.

Centralized Hospital Services↗