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Biomedical subjects

E Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to E Thomas.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Septal inhibition of aversive emotional states.

Two experiments were carried out to test the proposition that electrical stimulation of the septal region of the cat has the capacity to inhibit aversive emotional states. In the first experiment the source of aversive stimulation was electrical stimulation of various hypothalamic regions. The results were: (1) The animals would perform a learned response in order to obtain septal stimulation only if given concomitant aversive hypothalamic stimulation. (2) If septal stimulation was omitted the animal showed a conventional extinction effect. (3) If non-aversive hypothalamic stimulation was substituted for aversive stimulation the animal did not perform to obtain septal stimulation. In the second experiment a side preference was influenced by septal stimulation only when carbachol was administered to the hypothalamus, otherwise septal stimulation was neutral. It was concluded that these data provide evidence of an emotion inhibitory function of activity of the septal region.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Strongyloidiasis. When to suspect the wily nematode.

Strongyloidiasis is a tenacious soil-transmitted nematode infestation endemic in the south-eastern United States. Thirty-three cases were diagnosed in a series of 1,290 stool examinations in 971 patients at Veterans Administration Medical Center, Mountain Home, Tennessee. Most patients had a concurrent major illness, such as chronic lung disease, serious bacterial infection, or cancer. A minority presented with gastrointestinal symptoms alone. Skin rash was uncommon. Eosinophilia, IgE elevation, and skin anergy were common. Atypical presentations included severe proctitis, colitis, and exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease. In a patient with the hyperinfection syndrome, the diagnosis was made only at autopsy. Since strongyloidiasis seems to present like an opportunistic illness, all physicians, not just those in endemic areas, should consider its presence in the appropriate setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nonhealing duodenal ulceration due to candida.

An important role for candida in gastric and duodenal ulcer disease is being increasingly recognized. Causative factors implicated include the frequent use of cimetidine, and immunosuppressive or antibiotic therapy. Concerning cimetidine, there is no clear-cut evidence that the drug depresses cell mediated immunity; on the contrary, there is evidence that delayed hypersensitivity is enhanced. Acid reduction is the alternate and more likely explanation for any role of cimetidine in gastric and duodenal candidiasis. We report a patient with a duodenal ulcer, which repeatedly bled and failed to heal in hospital on standard antacid and cimetidine therapy. Candida was identified in the ulcer and treated, using mycostatin suspension, resulting in complete healing. We feel that candida involvement of duodenal ulcers may be more common than is generally recognized, and may be the cause for nonhealing in certain patients already on optimum therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Acute hepatitis associated with campylobacter colitis.

A patient with proven campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni acute colitis developed hepatocellular dysfunction, which paralleled the course of the colitis. Liver biopsy showed nonspecific reactive hepatitis. Other causes of acute hepatocellular damage were excluded. The patient made a complete recovery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Giant avascular hepatocellular carcinoma mimicking metastatic tumor.

We have described the radiographic features of a case of solitary giant hepatocellular carcinoma in a noncirrhotic liver. It was angiographically avascular and resembled a massive metastatic tumor. Most hepatocellular carcinomas appear highly vascular on angiography. Hypovascularity may sometimes be encountered in the presence of cirrhosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Enterococcal liver abscess associated with moxalactam therapy. Review of literature on enterococcal superinfections in association with moxalactam therapy.

Moxalactam, a third-generation cephalosporin, has been demonstrated to have an ultrawide spectrum of antibacterial activity. One important gap in this impressive spectrum is the enterococcus. Superinfections and colonization with enterococci have been reported following moxalactam therapy. Sites involved have included the urinary tract, wounds, middle ear, and blood stream. To our knowledge, we report the first case of enterococcal liver abscess following moxalactam therapy. The abscess was localized by ultrasound examination and microbiologic diagnosis made by aspiration using a skinny needle. Without surgical drainage or therapeutic aspiration, institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy in optimum dosage resulted in complete resolution. The literature on enterococcal superinfections in association with moxalactam therapy and nonsurgical management of liver abscesses is reviewed.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1983

Hemosuccus pancreaticus: a cause for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding--diagnosis by endoscopy and successful management by total parenteral nutrition.

Hemorrhage through the pancreatic duct (hemosuccus pancreaticus) is discussed in a patient with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and anemia. The pancreatic duct as the source of bleeding was determined by use of duodenoscopy; abdominal arteriograms were normal. It is postulated that the patient's bleed was intermittent and of venous origin, probably associated with pancreatic pseudocyst formation. Total parenteral nutrition could be considered in treatment of the condition if bleeding is not life threatening.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immunoglobulin heavy-chain expression and class switching in a murine leukaemia cell line.

A cell line that switches from mu to gamma 2b synthesis during growth in culture uses the same VH region for both heavy chains but retains two copies of the Cmu gene. This suggests that the mu to gamma 2b class switch can occur, at least in part, by an RNA processing mechanism. Regulatory variants of this cell line lose constitutive mu-chain synthesis but simultaneously acquire lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducible synthesis of that chain. This co-variation is allele-specific and is correlated to a large deletion of DNA in the JH--Cmu intron.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Conditioned suppression of medial forebrain bundle and septal intracranial self-stimulation in the rat: evidence for a fear-relief mechanism of the septum.

A conditioned emotional response (CER) paradigm was presented to two groups of rats during intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). One group bar pressed for medial forebrain bundle (MFB) stimulation reward; the other group bar pressed for septal stimulation reward. The MFB ICSS was found to be suppressed by the CER procedure, but this procedure failed to suppress septal ICSS. This difference between the two sites was found only when both MFB and septal ICSS current intensities were available at their optimal levels. When ICSS current intensities were lowered to either threshold or medium level, both groups exhibited the CER suppression effect. The animals were also tested for a possible analgesic effect produced by the ICSS. The MFB stimulation was found to produce some degree of analgesia, but septal stimulation failed to produce any analgesic effect. Thus, the possibility that the attenuation of the CER suppression effect in the septal group was due to analgesia was excluded. The difference in MFB and septal ICSS behavior during the presentation of the aversive stimulus suggested a possible qualitative distinction between the reward functions of these two sites, and a possible fear-reduction property of the septal area.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Systemic vasopressin therapy for Mallory-Weiss bleeding.

Over a period of one year, five of 101 patients admitted to our center because of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were found to have a Mallory-Weiss tear. This condition usually responds to conservative management. Torrential bleeding necessitating surgery is uncommon. Three of the patients, reported here, bled torrentially and were considered surgical candidates. Two received systemic vasopressin while being prepared for operation, with rapid, dramatic cessation of bleeding. Although this is a limited experience, we are impressed enough to believe that intravenous vasopressin should be given a trial in all hospitalized patients who continue to bleed from a tear in the region of the esophagogastric junction.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effects of ampicillin on oral contraceptive steroids in women.

1 Thirteen women taking long term oral contraceptive steroids were studied while taking ampicillin (500 mg three times daily) and compared to a control cycle while not taking ampicillin. 2 There were no significant changes in the plasma concentrations of ethinyloestradiol, levonorgestrel, follicle stimulating hormone or progesterone, although lower concentrations of ethinyloestradiol were noted in two women. 3 We conclude that most patients taking oral contraceptive steroids do not need to take alternative contraceptive precautions while taking ampicillin.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effects of inspiratory muscle training in patients with cystic fibrosis.

This study evaluated whether inspiratory muscle training (IMT) could increase inspiratory muscle strength and endurance and exercise performance in 11 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with moderately severe airflow limitation. The IMT consisted of breathing through an inspiratory resistance (IR) for 15 min twice daily for 4 wk, preceded or followed by a 4-wk control period. After IMT, there was an increase in inspiratory muscle strength measured by maximal inspiratory mouth pressure at functional residual capacity: 74 +/- 18 cmH2O before training to 81 +/- 12 cmH2O after training, mean +/- 1 SD, p less than 0.025, and in inspiratory muscle endurance measured by the maximal IR tolerated for 10 min. Limitation of performance in the progressive exercise test was related to increased airflow limitation and possibly to poor nutrition. Mean exercise performance during progressive or submaximal exercise testing did not change after training. It is concluded that this form of IMT improved inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, but had little effect on exercise performance in patients with CF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Thrombosis and pancreatic carcinoma revisited.

A case of recurrent pulmonary embolism from thrombophlebitis associated with pancreatic carcinoma is reported. There is an increased incidence of thrombophlebitis with all tumors, but carcinoma of the pancreas is statistically more frequently responsible. The higher incidence of thrombophlebitis with tumors of the body and tail of the pancreas is probably due to the low trypsin levels associated with these tumors. Trypsin levels are directly related to plasma antithrombin levels and mucinous adenocarcinomas are more commonly associated with thrombus formation.

Adenocarcinoma↗