Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Steiner

Publications and source records attributed to E Steiner.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A family study of genetic and environmental factors determining polymorphic hydroxylation of debrisoquin.

Debrisoquin hydroxylation capacity determined as the ratio of debrisoquin to 4-OH-debrisoquin (DMR) in urine after a single oral dose (10 mg) was studied in 52 nuclear families comprising 226 subjects. The relative importance of genetic and environmental factors for DMR was studied by path analysis. There was a significant negative correlation between DMR and coffee intake but no significant correlations between DMR and sex, age, alcohol intake, or smoking habits. Path analysis showed that genetic heritability was 0.79 while cultural heritability was only 0.06. Complex segregation analysis gave evidence for a major locus with incomplete dominance (d = 0.28) between a recessive and an additive gene. The frequency of the major gene was 0.31, allowing an estimate of the frequency of slow hydroxylators in the Swedish population of 9.4%. There was also evidence for a multifactorial component accounting for 14% of the total variation. It was not possible to distinguish between the different genotypes within the rapid hydroxylator phenotype. Our data agree with previous studies in British and German populations showing that two alleles at a major autosomal locus can explain most of the observed variation in DMR. The frequency of slow hydroxylators in Sweden is very similar to that reported in other European studies. The debrisoquin metabolic phenotype seems to be extensively controlled by a monogenic system and not significantly influenced by environmental factors or age.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Ultrafiltration compared with equilibrium dialysis in the determination of unbound phenytoin in plasma.

Protein binding of phenytoin (PHT) was studied in 36 patients with normal kidney function and six uremic patients. We compared a newly introduced ultrafiltration (UF) technique (EMIT Free Level System I) for measuring unbound PHT in plasma with an equilibrium dialysis (ED) method. The precision of the UF method was satisfactory (the CV within samples was 4.2%, and between days, 3.4%). PHT concentrations were measured with both homogeneous enzyme immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography using plasma samples from epileptic patients. The values obtained agreed well. Unbound concentrations of PHT determined by the UF technique and ED were identical in both normal and uremic plasma obtained from patients under treatment. Unbound concentrations of PHT correlated significantly to total concentrations in both groups of patients. The investigated UF technique thus appears to be accurate for measuring unbound concentrations of PHT in plasma. Controlled clinical studies are required to show that this is a cost-effective clinical service.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1984

[Initial clinical experiences with allotransplantation of the pancreas].

Since 1979 7 pancreas transplantations have been performed in 8 type I diabetics. 5 of these 7 recipients had already been dialysed; 2 were awaiting their first dialysis. Furthermore, diabetes had caused severe retinopathy in 5 patients. The pancreas was transplanted simultaneously with a kidney from the same donor in 5 recipients; in 3 cases the pancreas was grafted 16 to 230 days after successful renal transplantation. 1 pancreas graft was removed immediately after revascularisation because of ischaemic damage. While the pancreatic duct was occluded in the first 4 patients, enteric diversion of the pancreatic juice was applied in the next 3 recipients. The first two patients were treated with conventional immunosuppression, whilst all the others received cyclosporin A and low-dose steroids. Small amounts of insulin had to be given initially for a few days in 2 cases, only. 2 grafts were lost due to surgical complications and 3 for immunological reasons. 1 functioning graft had to be removed because the patient was not willing to continue immunosuppression after irreversible rejection of her renal transplant. There was no perioperative death. 2 pancreatic and 5 renal grafts are functioning well at the present time. Technical aspects and problems in the diagnosis of rejection are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Value of preventive immunoglobulin administration in cadaveric kidney transplantation].

Transplant recipients have a high risk of infection, especially during the early postoperative period, due to impaired immune responsiveness. In a prospective randomized trial comprising 50 consecutive renal allograft recipients, a study was undertaken of the impact of prophylactic administration of immunoglobulins (Intragam) on the rate of infection. Similar numbers of infections were observed in both groups. They predominantly affected the lungs or the lower urinary tract. An unexpected result revealed by the study was that only 17 out of 25 patients of the immunoglobulin group, in comparison with 22 out of 25 of the control group were discharged with a functioning graft. It thus appears that the prophylactic administration of immunoglobulins to asymptomatic allograft recipients is not only useless, but probably also dangerous.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Phenotypic consistency in hydroxylation of desmethylimipramine and debrisoquine in healthy subjects and in human liver microsomes.

The 2-hydroxylation of desmethylimipramine (DMI) and the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine (D) were studied in healthy subjects and in human liver microsomes. A single oral dose of DMI (25 mg) was given to 18 healthy subjects previously phenotyped with D (13 rapid and five slow hydroxylators). Urine was collected for 24 hr and DMI and total 2-hydroxydesmethylimipramine (2-OH-DMI) levels were determined by HPLC. The urinary ratio DMI/2-OH-DMI correlated strongly (r = 0.92) with the urinary ratio of D to 4-hydroxydebrisoquine (D/4-OH-D). The two hydroxylations were also studied in human liver microsomes from 10 different subjects. Formation rates of the hydroxylated metabolites correlated strongly (r = 0.869). Moreover, D competitively inhibited the 2-hydroxylation of DMI. These findings suggest that both are hydroxylated by the same cytochrome P-450 isozyme.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The chronically stimulated muscle as an energy source for artificial organs. Preliminary results of a basic study in sheep.

In 5 adult sheep the psoas muscle of one side was electrically stimulated through the muscle nerves with an implantable stimulation unit for more than 5 weeks. In the final experiments the isometric tetanic tension of the stimulated muscles was reduced to 50-70% of the contralateral normal muscle. The use of only 15 Hz as a stimulation frequency led to a transformation of the originally fast muscle into a slow muscle with more resistance to fatigue. Future application of the chronically stimulated psoas muscle for driving artificial organs is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Peritonitis following cesarean section. Report of 2 cases. The value of laparostomy].

The authors describe two cases of severe septic complications after caesarean section. They compare primary closure of the abdomen with the method of leaving it open. This should only be used very rarely but may help to shorten the stay in hospital and lessen the severity of the complications of severe peritonitis, which still today in these rare cases of surgery carry very heavy mortality.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

A safe technique for renal transplantation in patients with severely infected bladders.

A new surgical technique has been devised for the prevention of wound infection in cadaveric renal transplant recipients with severely infected bladders; the ascending colon is mobilized through a transperitoneal approach. The peritoneum covering the iliac vessels are retracted after blunt dissection, thereby forming a pouch. After completion of the vascular anastomoses, the ureter is brought into the peritoneal cavity through a small hole made in the peritoneum. The ascending colon is refixed to the abdominal wall so that the graft is separated from the bladder. No local or systemic infection occurred in two patients with purulent infection of the bladder who were operated upon with this technique.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Amphetamine secretion in breast milk.

The excretion of amphetamine in human breast milk was studied in a nursing mother with narcolepsy, who was treated with 20 mg daily of a racemic preparation of amphetamine. The concentration of amphetamine was 3 and 7 times higher in breast milk than in maternal plasma on the 10th and 42nd days after delivery. Small amounts of amphetamine were found in urine samples from the infant.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Distant metastases of cervical cancer. Apropos of an unusual case. Review of the literature].

The authors present a single but unusual case of metastases from a squamous cell cancer of the cervix which had been treated radically 35 months previously; the metastases occurring in the digestive tract as well as the peritoneum. They try to explain the physiopathological mechanisms, which are probably not unequivocal, as to how theses metastases could have occurred. They point out that further studies should be carried out with a view to seeing whether prophylactic chemotherapy should be given even in very early cancers.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1984

[Tumors of the kidney and pregnancy].

The authors report two cases of angiomyolipomas which ruptured in the course of pregnancy, and a case of renal cancer revealed in pregnancy by arterial hypertension. Starting out from a review of the literature, they discuss the effects of pregnancy on the development of kidney tumors, and the corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Action of dydrogesterone in postpubertal menstruation disorders].

Seventy-four post-pubertal young women with menstrual disturbances of a functional nature were treated with 20 mg of dydrogesterone per day from the 16th to the 25th day of the cycle for three cycles. Overall efficacy was considered satisfactory, results being significantly more positive with regard to disturbances in the duration of the cycle rather than excessively heavy periods. The authors draw attention to the possibility of the restoration of luteal function in a patient treated with dydrogesterone and the validity of temperature curve and plasma progesterone levels in this context.

Adolescent↗