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Biomedical subjects

E Scott

Publications and source records attributed to E Scott.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Transferrin subtyping of human bloodstains.

A method was described for subtyping transferrin derived from human bloodstains. Bloodstain cuttings were extracted in 0.5% ferrous ammonium sulfate. The extracts were subjected to ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. After isoelectric focusing, transferrin was detected by silver staining. This method permitted the successful typing of Tf in 6-month-old blood stains maintained at -20 degrees C and room temperature and 3-month-old bloodstains maintained at 37 degrees C.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1985

A bacteriological investigation of the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures for toilet hygiene.

The bacterial contamination of hospital and institutional toilets and toilet areas which were cleaned daily was investigated. The effect of daily disinfection with hypochlorite or a quaternary ammonium product, or with a continuous-release hypochlorite disinfectant system, based on the chlorine-releasing agent trichloroisocyanuric acid, was determined. The continuous release system produced substantial and sustained reduction in contamination of the toilet itself (water, toilet bowl and rim) and some reduction in contamination of sites surrounding the toilet (seat, floor, and air). By contrast, although daily disinfection produced some reduction in contamination compared with daily cleaning, the reductions were less than that associated with the continuous release system and indicated the inadequacy of daily disinfection and/or cleaning for toilets where effective procedures are required.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1985

Contraction stress test by breast stimulation as part of antepartum monitoring.

Non-stress tests (NSTs) and oxytocin challenge tests (OCTs) are widely used in most prenatal units for the assessment and monitoring of patients with high risk pregnancies. The contraction stress test is considered to be one of the best tests for evaluating fetal wellbeing in indicated cases. For this purpose, the OCT is usually used. It is a time-consuming test. An intravenous i.v. and oxytocin are both required, and it is therefore relatively costly. In this study, a non-invasive technique--breast stimulation--was used to induce uterine contractions for the purpose of contraction stress testing. Sixty-six patients were studied, and a total of 95 breast stimulation tests (BSTs) were done. 91 tests were successful contraction stress tests (95.78%). The high success rate, the fact that this is a non-invasive method, its easy application and the fact that this test is less expensive and much less time consuming make it a good test for the assessment of fetuses at risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Iatrogenic superior vena cava syndrome. A new entity.

Four patients with cancer developed superior vena cava syndrome following placement of a central venous catheter (Broviac or Hickman catheter) without evidence of mediastinal tumoral involvement. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of bepridil on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

Bepridil, a calcium antagonist with a half-life of approximately 42 hours, was compared with placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Thirteen men (average age 62 years) with exercise-related angina pectoris and a positive exercise test (modified Bruce protocol) were studied. In the group as a whole, bepridil (400 mg once a day) caused an increased total exercise time (2.6 +/- 1.8 minutes, mean +/- standard deviation), time to onset of angina (3.3 +/- 1.6 minutes), time to 1 mm of ST-segment depression (2.2 +/- 2.3 minutes), time to 2 mm of ST-segment depression (2.4 +/- 1.4 minutes) and total work load achieved (1.8 +/- 1.4 kpm) compared with the preceding placebo phase (all p less than 0.05). Frequency of angina and nitroglycerin consumption were low and did not change significantly during bepridil therapy. Comparison of the 3 placebo periods (run-in, double-blind and washout) did not reveal a change in any measurement except time to onset of angina, suggesting no training effect or change in patient status. Adverse effects were common in patients taking both placebo and bepridil, but only 2 patients had adverse effects (dizziness) with bepridil that necessitated discontinuation of therapy. Similarity of the double product (systolic blood pressure X heart rate) at the end of exercise suggests a decrease in myocardial oxygen demand as the primary mode of action. This study suggests that bepridil is a promising agent for the treatment of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Dantrolene--in vitro studies in malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) and normal skeletal muscle.

Dantrolene sodium, a hydantoin analogue, is efficacious in the therapy of malignant hyperthermia (MH). In order to improve our knowledge of the mode of action of dantrolene, we have examined the influence of dantrolene sodium on: (1) twitch and resting tensions, in the absence and the presence of caffeine, of intact skeletal muscle fascicles; and (2) caffeine induced tension rises of single chemically skinned skeletal muscle fascicles. We have found that dantrolene appears to exert its beneficial action on malignant hyperthermia susceptible (MHS) skeletal muscle by an indirect action on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Thus dantrolene inhibits twitch tensions of skeletal muscle fascicles, probably by indirectly preventing the release of calcium from the SR. To a lesser extent dantrolene inhibits caffeine induced contractures of skeletal muscle fascicles, probably by indirectly accelerating the uptake of calcium into the SR. Because the former effect is greater than the latter in vivo dantrolene sodium is effective only when given prior to total loss of calcium from the SR. Vigilant temperature and EKG monitoring of all patients during anaesthesia is, therefore, essential.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effects of intravenous diazepam and hyoscine upon recognition memory.

Diazepam and hyoscine are known to have amnesic effects when administered intravenously. Nevertheless, they achieve these effects by entirely different neurochemical mechanisms, and so the question arises whether they can be differentiated in terms of their effects upon different categories of encoding operations. Sixteen normal volunteers received intravenous administrations of diazepam, hyoscine, and saline following a double-blind procedure. Both drugs completely eliminated the subjects' ability to discriminate between successive lists of words in a test of recognition memory. Moreover, both drugs also impaired the subjects' ability to reject homophones or synonyms of presented words. Thus, both diazepam and hyoscine appeared to impair the use of list tags, phonemic coding, and semantic coding in storing individual stimulus items in long-term memory.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of disinfectants in the domestic environment under 'in use' conditions.

An 'in use' test was developed to investigate effectiveness of disinfectant application and of detergent of hot water cleaning at kitchen, bathroom and toilet sites in the domestic environment. Detergent and hot water cleaning produced no observable reduction in microbial contamination. Single and daily application tests demonstrated that hypochlorite and phenolic disinfectants can be used to produce substantial reductions in bacterial contamination in the home. Results indicate that maximum protection afforded by disinfection is relatively brief; 3-6 h after disinfection, contamination levels were only marginally less than those observed at pretreatment. Some suggestions are made for improvements in home hygiene.

Bedding and Linens↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of contact plate and calcium alginate swab techniques for quantitative assessment of bacteriological contamination of environmental surfaces.

A contact plate method for enumeration of bacteriological contamination at 9 environmental sites in 64 homes was compared with swab sampling techniques. Contamination levels of 100 or more organisms/21-25 cm2 were demonstrated more frequently using swab methods, but for some sites where low numbers of organisms were present, higher recovery rates were obtained using contact plates. When contamination levels from contact plate and swab techniques were compared according to rank order a good correlation was obtained. Results of this investigation indicate that the contact plate method is satisfactory for differentiation of hygiene levels at environmental sites whilst facilitating handling of large numbers of samples in a field survey.

Alginates↗
PubMed1984

Intramedullary canine spinal cord tumor model.

The development of a transplantable model brain tumor in the neonatal dog, the adaptation of the tumor to tissue culture, and the successful growth of the tumor in adult mongrel dogs has been adapted to producing similar tumors in the thoracic spinal cord of the adult dog. Ten adult dogs, weighing 4 to 25.4 kg each, were subjected to formal laminectomy. The tumor cell suspension was injected by hand with a Hamilton syringe at two or three sites over a distance of 1 cm; each site received an injection volume to 0.02 to 0.05 cc of the cell suspension after the dura had been opened. Immediately after injection the field was copiously irrigated and the puncture area sealed with a single drop of ethyl cyanoacrylate. Tumor cells for injection were obtained by thawing ampules stored at -195 degrees C in a mixture of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and RPMI 1640 culture medium. Cells were resuspended in Hank's balanced salt solution and 15% fetal calf serum on ice. Solutions had 90% cell viability, and animals received a dose in the range of 3 to 13 X 10(6) cells. Eight animals developed tumors and became paraparetic on the 9th to 14th postinjection day. Metrizamide myelography in three animals revealed complete blocks; two animals underwent spinal computerized tomography (CT) and demonstrated syringohydromyelia. Histology revealed the tumors to be highly vascular primitive neoplasms that invaded the surrounding cord. This spinal cord tumor model is large enough to be operated on, studied by CT and myelography, and subjected to pharmacological, electrophysiological, and blood flow study.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Clinical outcome after treatment of rest angina with calcium blockers: comparative experience during the initial year of therapy with diltiazem, nifedipine, and verapamil.

The clinical outcome after the initial year of therapy with either diltiazem (D), nifedipine (N), or verapamil (V) was examined in 45 patients with rest angina. Age, frequency of angina, duration of symptoms, and ejection fraction were similar in all three treatment groups. Coronary artery disease was present in 60% of patients (5 of 13 given D, 8 of 16 given N, and 14 of 16 given V). Coronary spasm was suspected (ST elevation with angina) or documented (angiographically) in 35 (78%) patients. Twenty-nine (64%) patients had greater than 50% decrease in angina without a coronary event (9 taking D, 11 taking N, and 9 taking V). Coronary events (sudden death, infarction, and hospitalization for unacceptable angina control or bypass surgery) occurred in 13 (29%) patients (two taking D, four taking N, and seven taking V). To achieve these responses, 20 (44%) patients required additional antianginal drugs (long-acting nitrates, beta blockers, or other calcium blockers). Four of these 20 patients were taking D, nine were taking N, and seven were taking V. Seventeen (38%) patients experienced a side effect (none taking D, 6 taking N, and 11 taking V). Although rest angina can be controlled in the majority of patients during the initial year of treatment with calcium blockers, additional therapy is often required. Furthermore, the clinical course of patients presenting with rest angina remains unpredictable, even during calcium blocker treatment. Morbid events continue to occur, related in part to the extent of coronary artery disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the renal pelvis.

A case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the renal pelvis is reported, associated with multiple staghorn calculi, occurring in a 35-year-old woman. A review of the literature revealed only two previously reported cases. It is postulated that chronic irritation from the renal calculi had induced squamous and glandular metaplasia with subsequent adenosquamous neoplasia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the caffeine skinned fibre tension (CSFT) test with the caffeine-halothane contracture (CHC) test in the diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia.

We have compared and contrasted two diagnostic tests for Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) - the Caffeine-Halothane Contracture Test and the Caffeine Skinned Fibre Tension Test. Both tests show a strongly positive relationship both with the occurrence of MH reactions and with each other. The former test is more rapid and requires less skill. The latter test can be performed on much less muscle and permits storage of the muscle over prolonged periods of time.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1982

An investigation of microbial contamination in the home.

An investigation of the bacterial flora in over 200 homes is reported. The occurrence of potential pathogens and the levels of contamination at individual sites, particularly in the kitchen, toilet and bathroom is described and the implications for hygiene practices in the home discussed.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Superficial mycoses in the west of Scotland.

Ringworm formed almost 70 per cent of all superficial mycoses diagnosed. The feet and nails were most frequently affected and a single species, Trichophyton rubrum was responsible for the majority of infections that required specialist attention. Scalp ringworm which, until the middle of this century, was the most common form of the disease now constitutes only 5 per cent of infections and the majority of these are caused by the zoophilic fungus Microsporum canis. The anthropophilic dermatophytes which were once so prevalent as the cause of scalp infections are now rarely encountered. Yeasts, especially Candida albicans were most frequently encountered as a cause of mucosal infections but were not unimportant as a cause of disease of skin and nail.

Aged↗