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Biomedical subjects

E Schuster

Publications and source records attributed to E Schuster.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Texture analysis--a new method of differentiating prostatic carcinoma from prostatic hypertrophy.

This study compares the results of a new computer assisted evaluation program of sonographic images of the prostate with the histological examination of the operative specimen. This computer program is based on the fact that the human eye is not capable of distinguishing picture distribution points which differ in higher than second order statistics. The sensitivity of the method was 89%, the specificity 86% and the diagnostic accuracy 88%. The results are discussed by comparing them to results of transrectal sonography and digital palpation as reported in the literature.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Reliability of estimation of maximum performance capacity on the basis of submaximum ergometric stress tests in children 10-14 years old.

Thirty-three 10-year-old boys repeatedly performed six symptom-limited, spiroergometric exercise tests according to the vita maxima method over an observation period of 4 years. Submaximum and maximum performance parameters were assessed and their correlation was calculated. The correlation of the heart rate at 1, 2 and 3 watts/kg body weight with the values of maximum performance capacity (wattmax and VO2max) and with the body-weight-related, relative maximum values was statistically significant. The correlation factors for the relative values were about twice as high (r = 0.55) as the absolute values (r = 0.27). The heart rate at 1, 2 and 3 watts/kg therefore was more characteristic of the relative values, which represent the state of training, and less for the absolute performance capacity, which depends to a great extent on body weight. However, the statistically significant correlation factors were too low to estimate reliably the state of training in an individual case. The correlation of physical working capacity at an HR of 170/min (PWC 170) with the maximum ergometric Watt performance was r = 0.80 and therefore appears to be sufficient to estimate the maximum performance capacity in children. This is however only valid for children over the age of 11.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1988

Iron intake and iron nutritional status of infants fed iron-fortified beikost with meat.

We compared iron intake and iron nutritional status of two groups of healthy term infants who received meat-containing baby foods fortified with ferrous sulphate (2 mg Fe/100 g). One group received an Fe-fortified formula (1.6 mg Fe/100 kcal) and the other a nonfortified formula. Fe intake of the group fed the nonfortified formula was significantly lower (p less than 0.0001). These infants received Fe mainly from fortification Fe with beikost (75-86%) and less than 10% met the recommended intake of 1 mg.kg-1.d-1; whereas 80-85% of the infants fed the Fe-fortified formula did. Hb, Hct, FEP, and ferritin were similar in both groups with the exception of lower ferritin values at age 365 d (p less than 0.05) in the group fed the nonfortified formula. No infant had hemoglobin less than 100 g/L. We conclude that regular consumption of commercially prepared Fe-fortified beikost with meat prevents most healthy term infants from Fe deficiency even if Fe intake is substantially below the recommended intake.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1988

The effect of sotalol on exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias.

Sotalol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with class III antiarrhythmic properties. Our study was intended to assess the efficacy of sotalol on exercise-inducible arrhythmias by oral administration to out patients. Thirty patients with exercise-inducible arrhythmias (80% coronary artery disease, 20% congestive cardiomyopathy) were studied after two baseline bicycle ergometric stress tests performed in upright position. Twenty-five patients (including nine crossover cases of the lower dose protocol) were given sotalol in a daily dose of 320 mg (group 1) and 14 patients in a dose of 160 mg (group 2). After 2 and 8 weeks, respectively, group 1 showed a mean reduction of the total number of inducible ventricular premature beats (VPBs) of 50% (P = 0.0042) and 61% (P = 0.0107), respectively and a significantly improved Lown score (P = 0.0002 and 0.0006, respectively). A significant antiarrhythmic response was not demonstrable for group-2 patients. Because of inefficacy, nine patients were changed from group 2 to group 1. Reduction of arrhythmias on the higher dose was significant (P = 0.0147) in this group. There was the same significant reduction of the heart rate pressure product with the low and high dosage indicating that the beta-blocker effect is achieved with the lower dosage. We conclude that sotalol is a powerful drug for reducing the number and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias in a dose of 320 mg daily. As the beta-blocking effect in both groups was the same, we assume that the reduction of arrhythmias is mainly due to class III action.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Survival rate and causes of death in patients with pacemakers: dependence on symptoms leading to pacemaker implantation.

The survival rate of 2256 patients with pacemakers was analyzed. Patients paced for Adams-Stokes equivalents (e.g. dizziness) showed a significantly better survival rate than did patients with pacemakers implanted for Adam-Stokes attacks or heart failure (P less than 0.0001). The estimated survival of the latter two groups did not differ significantly. Of the deceased patients who had received a pacemaker for the treatment of heart failure, 54% died due to this condition despite pacemaker implantation. The relative percentage of cases of sudden death after pacemaker implantation was high in the groups with Adams-Stokes attacks (12%) and Adams-Stokes equivalents (13%). In patients paced for Adams-Stokes attacks, sudden death occurred more frequently in the first year after pacemaker implantation (P less than 0.015) than during the following years. Therefore, increased efforts should be made to monitor patients carefully after pacemaker implantation to enable prompt detection of malignant tachyarrhythmias, probably the cause of sudden death in a substantial number of patients with pacemakers.

Adams-Stokes Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Ventilation with the esophageal tracheal combitube in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Promptness and effectiveness.

The success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest depends not only on the duration of the arrest, but also on the prompt establishment of a patent airway. In this study, we tested the safety and promptness of intubation with esophageal tracheal combitube (ETC) when compared to conventional endotracheal airway. Effectiveness of ventilation via the ETC as shown by blood gas analyses appeared to be comparable to endotracheal airway. Data suggest that the ETC might serve as a useful device during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1987

[Use of the computer in clinical medicine].

This article describes the application of computers in clinical medicine and the experience gained by the Institute of Medical Computer Science when introducing computer systems into the clinics of the University of Vienna Medical School in the last 20 years. It is shown what dramatic development has taken place in these years. The medical information system WAMIS with its central patient database is described as well as the medical record keeping documentation and retrieval system WAREL, which is destined to analyze medical natural language data. A further chapter deals with computers in clinical laboratories. At the end it is tried to point out future trends in applying computers in clinical medicine.

Austria↗
PubMed1986

[Lead intake from drinking water in the city of Vienna].

Daily lead intake from drinking water was estimated on the basis of lead concentrations in running and boiled drinking water samples of 42 Viennese households and reported drinking water consumption of adults living in those households. Lead concentration (means, SD, median) in running water samples (15.3 (37.9) micrograms Pb/l, median 6.3) was significantly higher (p less than 0.005) than in boiled water samples (6.4 (11.1) micrograms Pb/l, median 4.1). The highest lead concentrations in running water samples were found in houses built before 1945. Reported drinking water consumption was 1306 (576) ml/day (median 1242); more than 70% of drinking water was consumed at home. Calculated lead intake from drinking water in Vienna was 11.8 (22) micrograms Pb/day (median 5.2). Lead intake from drinking water was highest (19.5 (31.3) micrograms Pb/day, median 7.3) in houses built before 1945. Lead intake with food was calculated using published data on lead concentrations in food items and on food intake and data from the present study. Calculated average lead intake with food (206 micrograms Pb daily) was far below the estimated safe lead intake proposed by WHO 1972. We conclude that lead intake from drinking water in Vienna is low in most households. However, lead intake may be close to toxic levels if persons living in houses built before 1945 are consuming extremely large amounts of drinking water.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

An interactive processing system for ultrasonic compound imaging, real-time image processing and texture analysis.

An interactive processing system for ultrasonic imaging, real-time image processing and texture analysis was developed and has been used under real clinical conditions at the 2nd Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, since 1983. The major goal of this system is to determine what digital approaches to ultrasonic imaging, aided by computer processing, can contribute to ultrasonic diagnosis and whether clinically-relevant information can be extracted which is not obtained by conventional approaches.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1986

[Radiological study of the permeability of the eustachian tube. Personal procedure].

An original method for visualizing the Eustachian tube using micropulverized barium sulfate is described. The contrast substance must be insufflated under air pressure into the Eustachian tube by means of a catheter. Radiologic images as axial projections of base of skull allow detailed analysis of anteriorly insufflated tubes. Analysis of findings using this method on 306 tubes showed that filling with contrast was total in 83.8%, partial in 11.1% and absent in 5.1%.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1985

Contraceptive use in Georgia: estimation by telephone survey.

Because household surveys are expensive and time consuming, determination of state or local family planning needs is based on national household survey estimates of contraceptive use rather than state-specific estimates. In June 1982, the University of Georgia Survey Research Center invited the Georgia Department of Human Resources (DHR) to add questions to a Statewide Omnibus Telephone Survey to obtain information on contraceptive use, source of contraception, and reasons for not using contraception. The survey used two-stage random digit dialing to select 1,737 households. From these households, we have complete information on 332 women aged 18 to 44. The definition of contraception included use by either the respondent or partner. Fifty-six percent of female respondents were using contraception; oral contraceptives (22%) and contraceptive sterilization (21%) were the primary methods used. Private sources provided 78% of nonpermanent contraceptive methods. The majority of women not using contraception reported a noncontraceptive sterilization or infertility (31%) or were pregnant, desiring a pregnancy, or not sexually active (29%). The advantages of this method over household surveys are rapid turnaround of data and relatively low cost.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Lead content of water and of reconstituted infant formula in Vienna.

Daily lead intake from infant formula was estimated for young infants living in Vienna based on determinations of the lead concentration of drinking water and powdered formulas. The lead concentration in water was higher in houses built before 1945 (median 15.6 micrograms/l) than in houses built between 1945 and 1965 (median 4.4 micrograms/l) and in houses built after 1965 (median 2.8 micrograms/l). Boiling water for 1 min substantially reduced (p less than 0.0005) the lead concentration in water from all houses, apparently because of the coprecipitation of lead with boiler scale. The mean lead concentration in infant formula powder (n = 36) was 161.8 (SD 103.7) micrograms/kg. The lead concentration of an 'average' reconstituted infant formula, calculated using the mean lead concentration of boiled water (5.4 micrograms/l) and of formula powder, was 27.5 micrograms/l. This corresponded to 4.1 micrograms/100 kcal, which was substantially below the FDA maximum value of 16 micrograms/100 kcal. The lead concentration in the fat-free mass of a hypothetical young infant was estimated, assuming formula as the only source of lead and average values for caloric intake and retention of ingested lead. Between 0 and 4 months the estimated lead concentration in the fat-free mass declined from the concentration present at birth, indicating that the lead intake from formula is not likely to cause lead accumulation in the body during early infancy.

Austria↗