Biomedical subjects
E Schulz
Publications and source records attributed to E Schulz.
[The concrete case--burned cadaver in an automobile].
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[A comparison of methods for the determination of intrarenal calcium oxalate crystallization after glyoxalate administration in rabbits].
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Fosfomycin protects against tubulotoxicity induced by cis-diaminedichloroplatin and cyclosporin A in the rat.
The nephroprotective effect of fosfomycin against tubulotoxicity induced by cis-diaminedichloroplatin (DDP) and cyclosporin A (Cs) was studied in the rat. The parameter of nephrotoxicity was urinary tubular cell excretion. The experiments revealed that fosfomycin, given either concomitantly or in advance was able to reduce the nephrotoxic effect of DDP and Cs significantly. We conclude from these studies that fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum nephroprotective agent.
[Experimental studies of the nephroprotective effect of fosfomycin].
We studied in an experimental rat model, if fosfomycin reduces the tubulotoxicity induced by tobramycin, teicoplanin, cisplatin or ciclosporine A and is thus a nephroprotective agent. 10 female wistar rats per dose and compound were used, measures of tubulotoxicity were urinary excretion rates of tubular cells and malate dehydrogenase on 5 successive days. Fosfomycin proved to be a potent nephroprotector against all 4 nephrotoxins. Its activity was not based on pharmacokinetic interactions but on a pharmacodynamic effect. Presumably, fosfomycin stabilises the membranes of lysosomes in tubular cells.
Studies on the influence of the flow field in the pelvi-calyceal system (PCS) on the formation of urinary calculi.
Following a morphological analysis of pelvi-calyceal systems (PCS) of healthy persons and urolithiasis patients, rheological studies from glass and rubber PCS-models are presented. In the PCS of urolithiasis patients morphological and geometrical differences were found, causing a flow pattern which favours calculus formation. In urolithiasis, the PCS is characterized by cavities with significantly reduced flow rates and stagnation of urine. The formation of urinary calculi is often promoted by a hypomotility of the muscles of the PCS, common in urolithiasis patients. Possible therapeutic and diagnostic consequences are discussed.
Disturbed urinary transport in the pelvi-calyceal system in calcium-oxalate stone patients.
This study is intended to elucidate the process of urinary transport through the pelvi-calyceal system (PCS). PCS-motility of a total of 28 PCS was qualitatively and quantitatively determined in 9 stone patients and 14 control persons by examination of contrast medium excretion. From X-ray videograms recorded by means of Siemens urography, four different urinary transport types could be distinguished as well as the duration of the contraction periods and the intervals between the PCS-contractions. In stone patients physiological types of urinary transport are less common (33%) than in control subjects (81.25%). In stone patients the PCS is often characterized by reduced or even absent motility. Calyceal reflux is usually found in the systolic phase of PCS-contractions, which may apparently be regarded as a physiological process.
Fluoroimmunoassay: an alternative to radioimmunoassay?
Fluoroimmunoassays appear to be an alternative to conventional radioimmunoassays and immunoradiometric assays because of the high specific activity of their label, thus promising high sensitivity and excellent precision. According to IFCC recommendations for the assessment of new laboratory methods, we evaluated precision, accuracy, linearity, lower detection limit and normal reference ranges of commercially available immunofluorometric assays of alpha-fetoprotein, choriongonadotropin and thyrotropin. In addition, thyrotropin content in sera of 147 patients was measured by immunofluorometric assay. Analysis of immunofluorometric assays gained performance data comparable to those of currently used immunoradiometric assays. Regression studies performed against currently employed methods showed accuracy of all three immunofluorometric assays. Results of immunofluorometric assay for thyrotropin demonstrated that sera of hyperthyroid subjects were distinguished from those of euthyroid subjects from basal thyrotropin alone. We conclude that immunofluorometric assays are an alternative to immunoradiometric assays which anybody concerned about the future of in vitro nuclear medicine should be aware of.
[Oral contrast medium for magnetic resonance tomography of the abdomen. II. Phase I clinical testing of gadolinium-DTPA].
20 male volunteers were examined by MRI to determine safety and efficacy of Gd-DTPA formulations for gastrointestinal (GI)-tract contrast enhancement. Prior to and after administration of contrast spin-echo images were obtained. Volunteers were studied after administration of 10 ml contrast medium/kg (1.0 mmol Gd-DTPA/l vs. 0.5 mmol Gd-DTPA/l, no mannitol vs. 15 g mannitol/l vs. 30 g mannitol/l). Gd-DTPA provided high signal intensity in the GI tract. Contrast medium in gastric lumen and duodenum permitted improved delineation of pancreatic head and ventral outline in 16 of 20 subjects. No clinically relevant side effects were seen.
Ileal digestibility of amino acids in pigs fed barleys differing in protein content.
The apparent digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids was measured by the ileal and faecal methods in pigs fed nine barleys differing in nitrogen content (from 1.73 to 2.16 per cent/DM). A positive (r = 0.87) and significant relationship was found between the apparent nitrogen digestibility at the end of the ileum and the crude protein content of barley. Generally, the higher the protein of the grain, the higher the ileal digestibilities of the amino acids. For most amino acids the faecal values were greater than the ileal ones. This being specially so for threonine, tryptophan, histidine and cystine belonging to the nutritionally important amino acid group. When the relationship between the amino acid and nitrogen digestibilities at the level of ileum is considered, the values were found to be similar to that of nitrogen in the case of tryptophan, higher for isoleucine, valine (both 2-3 units), cystine, histidine, leucine, methionine (all 5-6 units) and phenylalanine (10 units) and lower only for lysine and threonine (7-8 dig. units).
Teicoplanin: renal tolerance and pharmacokinetics in rats.
The nephrotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin were studied in an experimental rat model. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring urinary excretion of tubular cells and malate dehydrogenase. The experiments revealed that 1 mg/kg or more of teicoplanin daily resulted in an increase of excretion rates of tubular cells. Similarly to vancomycin, teicoplanin is accumulated in the kidneys. Nephrotoxicity induced by teicoplanin can be reduced by coadministration of fosfomycin and D-glucaro-1.5-lactam, and enhanced by administration of tobramycin. We conclude that renal function should be monitored closely during teicoplanin therapy.
[The exclusion of nonspecific effects in testing potential anti-inflammatory agents following intraperitoneal administration].
The intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of potential antiphologistics of the group of DL-2-phenylglycinalkylester hydrochlorids caused beside the inhibition of the carrageenan rat paw oedema a high increase of the glucocorticoid-induced tyrosin transaminase activity (TTA) in the liver. Using this group of compounds the exclusion of unspecific antiphlogistic effects as a consequence of peritoneal irritation and glucocorticoid liberation was studied. For comparison phenylbutazone, hydrochlorid acid and carrageenan were examined after i.p. administration. The results showed that in contrast to hydrochlorid acid and carrageenan the antiphlogistic effects of DL-2-phenylglycinalkylester hydrochlorids were not elicited by unspecific irritation. Therefore the i.p. administration can be used in testing antiinflammatory drugs, if indirect effects have been excluded in adrenalectomized animals. The determination of the TTA-activity of the liver as an indicator of glucocorticoid liberation is not sufficient for exclusion of unspecific effects in testing antiphlogistics after i.p. administration.
Improvement of initial graft function after renal transplantation by fosfomycin.
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[The liver in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Diagnostic usefulness of the liver puncture biopsy].
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[Optical vision aids for dentists].
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[Oculocutaneous albinism and brain atrophy].
We present a 4 months old female infant with oculocutaneous albinism and the clinical picture of motor retardation. Otherwise development appears to be normal. The finding of cerebral atrophy by CT scan is discussed as cerebral residual damage after perinatal hypoxia. A possible relation between albinism and CNS-disorder is described.
[Quantitative and comparative research or lamina V-pyramidal neurons in the regio retrosplenialis granularis in the rat].
Large pyramidal neurons of lamina V of regio retrosplenialis granularis and regio cingularis anterior of adult male rats were analyzed quantitatively and compared statistically. In both regions, these pyramids showed nearly equal values for their apical and basal dendritic tree, which is typical for pyramidal neurons in intermediate cortices. In important quantitative parameters the large pyramidal neurons of the both regions were comparable. The total spine number per neuron was in the same range for the pyramidal neurons in both cortical regions, whereby the smaller dendritic tree of retrosplenial pyramids showed a higher spine density in comparison with the larger cingulate pyramids. This fact indicates a nearly equal number of synaptic spine contacts with incoming afferents for both cell types. Therefore, both regions are considered to belong to the intermediate cortex-formation "mesoneocortex".
[Marfan syndrome. A contribution to forensic medicine cases].
A 19-year-old school boy suffered from fluctuating uncharacteristic chest pain in the last 20 h before his death. He died unexpectedly within a few minutes of a hemopericardium, which resulted from an aneurysmal rupture of the ascending aorta. The patient's past history as well as the autopsy and ultrastructural findings led to the diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome with alterations of the cardiovascular skeletal system but no ophthalmological involvement ("oligosymptomatic" form of Marfan's syndrome). Appraisal of the cause of death is made more difficult by the fact that medical treatment was undertaken on the same day, whereby subtotal liver crushing was established that had resulted from attempts at resuscitation.