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Biomedical subjects

E Schulz

Publications and source records attributed to E Schulz.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Serum gentamicin level after intratracheal application in ventilated patients with normal and reduced kidney function].

In a prospective study, serial serum determinations of gentamicin were made after its intratracheal application (40 mg/8 h) to 14 patients on ventilators (seven with normal renal function, seven with compensated, preterminal or dialysis-requiring renal failure). The patients with normal renal function had no therapeutic or toxicologically significant gentamicin concentration in their serum: less than 0.1 mg/l, in one case maximally 0.67 mg/l. But in patients with renal failure even the first gentamicin dose increased the serum level up to 1.5 mg/l. After repeated endotracheal application gentamicin accumulation in serum led to maximal values of 6.2 mg/l after the sixth and 7.5 mg/l after the seventh dose. The absorption of the drug from the tracheobronchial system differed between individuals. Thus serum concentrations were reached in patients with renal failure which are systemically effective and potentially toxic.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Long-term follow-up using serial serum thyroglobulin determinations in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Although thyroglobulin is generally recognized as a useful marker for metastases in cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, there have been few reports of the use of thyroglobulin determination for long-term follow-up. This report presents the results of long-term follow-up studies carried out for periods of up to 4 years in 18 patients, including 4 patients with local and 14 with distant metastases. After successful treatment, thyroglobulin fell to unmeasurable levels in the four patients with local metastases and in four of six patients with distant metastases. In some patients treated successfully with 131I, the thyroglobulin level remained elevated for several months before falling to within the normal range. Thyroglobulin levels correlated with tumor growth in six of eight patients with tumor progression, remained high with a slight downward trend in one patient, and declined to unmeasurable levels in another case. Only one patient in this group showed radioiodine uptake in the metastases at the end of the observation period. The lack of 131I uptake in the other patients probably reflects the low degree of differentiation of the metastases. The following conclusions regarding the use of thyroglobulin measurement for the long-term follow-up of thyroid carcinoma can be made: (1) Following 131I therapy for metastatic thyroid carcinoma, return of thyroglobulin levels to within the normal range may take several months. The trend observed in serial thyroglobulin determinations is more meaningful than the absolute values for evaluating the success of therapy. (2) Thyroglobulin levels correlate with tumor growth in most cases of tumor progression, even when changes in differentiation may have led to a loss of radioiodine uptake by the metastases. It may be concluded that serial thyroglobulin determinations are therefore useful for the detection of metastases that do not accumulate radioiodine.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime and HR 221 in experimental chronic Escherichia coli pyelonephritis in rats.

The therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of the cephalosporins ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime and HR 221 were studied in animal experiments. The animal model used was experimental estrogen-induced or non-induced chronic Escherichia coli pyelonephritis in rats. The animals were treated with 5 mg cephalosporin/kg twice daily for one week. Each of the cephalosporins tested led to a significant decrease in renal bacterial counts, in spite of the low doses given. Ceftazidime was significantly more active than HR 221 in both experimental models, although the serum levels of HR 221 were higher and were maintained for a longer period of time than those of ceftazidime. Differences in pharmacokinetic properties (influenced by metabolic stability and protein binding) could be the reason for the differences in therapeutic activity, since the in vitro antimicrobial activity of each of the cephalosporins tested was very similar against the test strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Ring fractures of the base of the skull].

Besides complete ring fracture, also incomplete fractures open to the front, back, or side(s) are discussed on the basis of 61 ring fractures of the base of the skull. The fractures were found in casualties from traffic accidents (car passengers, cyclists and motorcyclists, pedestrians), after falls and other accidents. In traffic accidents, compression, traction, hyperextension, extreme lateral movements, and torsional forces can lead to ring fractures. In falls, compression and traction are the main forces. A fall in one plane is also capable of producing an incomplete ring fracture. Incomplete ring fractures may show lateral emphasis. The greater fracture length is found on the impact side (e.g., in falls). In contrast to complete ring fractures, incomplete ring fractures are compatible with longer survival times. Ring fractures are to be classified under direct fractures. This does not exclude the possibility that overall deformations of the skull with bursts can partly determine the course of the fracture.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

[Morphological characteristics of gunshot wounds of liver and spleen].

Stellate wounds are to be expected in gunshot injuries to the liver and spleen. As to their configuration, they resemble the skin breaks in an absolute close-range shot. The exit wound is larger than the entry wound. The genesis and utility of such injuries for reconstruction of the shot direction are discussed with reference to seven gunshot mortalities. Stellate wounds could also be achieved by shooting at isolated cadaver organs. The experimentally produced gunshot wounds differed from those produced in vivo in that the entry and exit wounds were equally large.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ceftazidime in intensive care medicine and haemofiltration.

Twenty-seven intensive care patients with septicaemia or other infections and associated severe cardiovascular disease were treated with ceftazidime in a dose of 2 g iv twice daily. In 19 patients the infection was cured or improved during the therapy. Laboratory abnormalities were frequently seen but could in all cases be explained by severe underlying disease. Ceftazidime assays were performed in 6 patients with renal failure undergoing haemofiltration; 0.5 g ceftazidime given every second day maintained effective drug levels in these patients.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

[Surgical indication and results in exotropia with divergence excess].

4 patients with primary exotropia of divergent excess type and 6 patients suffering from secondary exotropia and raised AC/A ratio have been operated with combined external rectus recession interal rectus 'Fadenoperation' and, if necessary, internal rectus resection. In all patients, the far-/near angle difference has been diminished, and in most of them microstrabism was achieved. Lateral gaze incomitance or a significant reduction of the motility of the globe did not occur. Thus, this kind of operation can be recommended for both groups of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Possibilities of computing urine parameters as a means of classification of normals and patients suffering from calcium oxalate lithiasis.

By the use of simple quotients consisting of the lithogenic variables in the numerator and the litholytic ones in the denominator as well as of complex chemical and discriminant analytical computational use of urine parameters, it is possible to distinguish significantly between groups of control persons and recurrent calcium oxalate stone formers and to obtain a relative prediction concerning the risk of stone formation. In discriminant analytical computation, in our opinion, it is most convincing to make use of variables which have been checked multivariately concerning their separating properties with regard to their mutual correlations and their measure of indispensability.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1983

Serotonin binding in rat brain: circadian rhythm and effect of sleep deprivation.

Crude membrane fractions isolated from rat brain were used to measure specific serotonin (5-HT) binding. In untreated animals a 24 hours rhythm in 5-HT binding was evident. Sleep deprivation (SD) was applied to enhance sleep pressure. After 12, 24, and 72 hours SD the high affinity 5-HT binding, KD1 = 1-3 nM, remained unchanged, the apparent dissociation constant of the low affinity 5-HT binding, KD2 = 20-30 nM, was found to be enhanced almost by factor 2. The number of binding sites were only moderately affected by SD. If SD was followed by 1 or 4 hours recovery sleep, the dissociation constant KD2 was decreased towards control values. The brain levels of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were not significantly changed immediately after 72 hours SD. A statistically significant increase was found only for 5-HIAA 4 hours after 72 hours SD. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in the sensitivity of 5-HT binding may be involved in the regulation of the sleep-waking cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Synthesis and pharmacological properties of alkyl esters of various DL-omega-phenylamino acids].

The synthesis of some branched-chain and n-alkyl ester hydrochlorides of DL-2-phenylglycine, DL-3-phenyl-3-aminopropionic acid, DL-4-phenyl-4-aminobutyric acid, DL-phenylalanine and DL-4-phenyl-2-aminobutyric acid is described. For 28 alkyl esters of these DL-amino acids, the pharmacological data about the antagonism against spasms induced by barium chloride, histamine and acetylcholine in the guinea-pig ileum in vitro, as well as about the acute toxicity of intraperitoneally administered doses in the mouse, are reported. Empirical structure-activity relationships established for 36 compounds of this group of substances are discussed. It was found that the maxima of the four actions mentioned depended upon the length of the carbon chain in the molecule. In contrast, no clear-cut branching effect was observed. With reference to toxicity, DL-4-phenyl-2-aminobutyric acid n-octyl ester hydrochloride has been found to be the most favourable spasmolytic agent among the compounds under investigation.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

[Neuronal location of thalamic afferents in the cingulate area of the rat].

Lesions were placed in the rat anterior thalamus (nucleus mediodorsalis and nucleus anteromedialis) known to project to the cingulate cortex (area 24). Transneuronal degeneration signs were found at the apical and basal dendritic tree of lamina V- and lamina III-pyramidal neurons in Golgi-Kopsch preparations. The lesioned animals showed significant decreases in the dendritic spine-density of apical and basal single dendritic fields of lamina V- as well as lamina III-pyramids. The results suggest that in the area 24 of the rat the thalamic afferent fibres terminate at both these pyramidal neurons. The method used allowed no decision whether the thalamic afferents terminate directly at the pyramids or if interneurons are interconnected.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1982

[Amblyopia and refractive error in patients who suffered from eyelid haemangioma in early childhood].

15 patients with eyelid haemangioma in early childhood had been reevaluated concerning amblyopia and refractive error. There was myopia in 3 of 15 and astigmatism in 9 patients on the tumor side. Amblyopia could be found in all patients with astigmatism higher than 2 diopters, all myopic patients and all patients with localisation of the haemangioma in the lower eyelid. The lower incidence of myopia in our group is discussed In connection with the x-ray therapy which 10 of our patients underwent. It seems necessary in patients with lid haemangioma in early childhood to discover and correct a possible refractive error as soon as possible and in some cases to start orthoptic treatment.

Amblyopia↗