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Biomedical subjects

E Schroeder

Publications and source records attributed to E Schroeder.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The dependence of human decidual prolactin production and secretion on the osmotic environment in vitro.

Human decidual tissue from uncomplicated term pregnancies was incubated in vitro using a cross-over design of incubation lasting for 72 h. The decidual issue of each membrane was added sequentially to media with the osmolalities 252, 315 and 387 mmol/kg, and the different osmolalities were in 33 experiments induced by changing the concentration either of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, mannitol, sucrose, or choline chloride. At 387 mmol/kg all substances elicited a significant increase in Prl secretion compared with the 315 mmol/kg media (14-27%) or the 252 mmol/kg media (26-46%). When the sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, and choline chloride media at 387 mmol/kg were compared in another 7 experiments, potassium chloride increased Prl secretion more effectively than the others (10%, P less than 0.05). The incubation cross-over design did not permit determination of the decidual Prl content after incubation in each of the various media, but in 28 experiments the mean decidual Prl content was 12.7 mIU per 100 mg dry tissue (range 4-30) before and 8.7 mIU per 100 mg dry tissue (1-17) after the experiments. The mean amount of Prl secreted during the successive incubations was 152.2 mIU per 100 mg dry tissue (19-672) which showed the secretion to be a result of continued Prl production. The effect of osmolality was independent of the basal production rate. These results indicate that the intracellular ionic concentrations, probably of potassium ion or of chloride ion, are of importance in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of decidual Prl in vitro.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1984

Sexuality education groups in juvenile detention.

Several major studies have described the magnitude and character of adolescent sexual activity and sexual knowledge related to contraception and sexually transmitted diseases (Diepold & Young, 1979; Hass, 1979; Sorenson, 1973; Zelnick & Kantner, 1980). Few systematic studies have been conducted, however, which analyze the attitudes toward sexuality and contraception of delinquent adolescents who are generally school dropouts and who may engage in socially unacceptable behaviors such as running away, drug abuse, and prostitution. Delinquent youths, especially delinquent girls, have been characterized as being more sexually active and less sexually knowledgeable than their nondelinquent peers (Gibbon, 1981; Mannarino & Marsh, 1978). Despite the assumed high-risk nature of this delinquent population, few juvenile detention facilities have offered systematically evaluated coeducational sex education programs. One barrier to implementation of such programs in juvenile detention centers is the lack of a treatment or program orientation of most staff, and/or staff denial of adolescent sexuality in general, an attitude which suppresses the development of healthier sexual values and often promotes pathologic sexual interaction within institutions (Shore & Gochros, 1981). A recent survey of adolescent sexuality (Diepold, 1979) points out that teenagers' feelings about their "sexual selves" impacts greatly upon their general self-image. Low self-esteem is more frequently found among delinquents than nondelinquents (Jones & Swain, 1977; Lund & Salury, 1980), and treatment for delinquent girls often focuses on increasing self-esteem and developing assertiveness skills based on feelings of self-worth (DeLange, Lanahan, & Barton, 1981; NiCarthy, 1981). Two studies carried out with juvenile detainees from a large urban center confirmed that sexual activity among delinquent adolescents is significantly greater than that of the general adolescent population, and that the delinquents have little or no knowledge of birth control methods or venereal disease (Deisher, 1980; Schroeder, 1981). Further, these adolescents appear to endorse constricted and conventional values related to sexual activity, abortion, and relationship issues and frequently have a background of sexual abuse and prostitution. These findings form the basis of the current study which attempts to develop an effective coeducational sex education program for this population within a detention facility. This program is specifically designed for a sexually active adolescent group aged 14 to 17.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Left atrial myxoma causing fluttering of the anterior mitral leaflet.

This report describes the M-mode echocardiographic features of a left atrial myxoma, before and after excision of the tumor. Preoperative M-mode echocardiogram demonstrated fine diastolic fluttering of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve which disappeared after surgery. Preoperative aortography and minutious examination of the aortic valve during operation excluded any associated lesion of the aortic valve. The fluttering of the anterior mitral valve is probably related to turbulent blood flow around the tumor prolapsing between mitral leaflets during diastole.

Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗
PubMed1980

The effect in post-menopausal women of natural human and artificial oestrogens on the concentration in serum of prolactin.

25 women aged 53--78 years with at least two years menopause were divided in three groups receiving one of the following oral treatments for three weeks: 2 mg oestradiol-17 beta plus 1 mg oestriol, 4 mg oestradiol-17 beta plus 2 mg oestriol or 50 micrograms ethinyloestradiol daily. Blood samples were collected before, during and after the treatment and the effect on the serum concentration of prolactin, oestradiol-17 beta, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormonee was evaluated. During treatment with natural human oestrogens serum oestradiol-17 beta levels were significantly higher than before treatment. The serum concentration of prolactin was unchanged in patients receiving 2 mg oestradiol-17 beta plus 1 mg oestriol but increased in patients receiving 4 mg oestradiol-17 beta plus 2 mg oestriol or 50 micrograms ethinyl-oestradiol, thus indicating dose-dependence for natural human oestrogens. However, the increase was moderate, and these higher levels were not significantly different from levels of prolactin in serum found in 16 younger women. Concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormon were depressed during treatment, the former to significantly lower levels when higher doses of oestrogens were used.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

The penetration of cefazolin, erythromycin and methicillin into human bone tissue.

The penetration of cefazolin, erythromycin and methicillin into normal bone was studied in 20 patients undergoing surgery for fracture in the trochanteric region of the femur. The antibiotic concentrations were determined in serum, bone marrow, and cancellous and cortical bone. For all three antibiotics the bone marrow concentrations were of the same order of magnitude as the serum concentrations. In the eight patients receiving erythromycin, detectable concentrations were found in all the cancellous bone specimens (ranging from 1/7 to 1/2 of the serum concentration) and in three cortical bone specimens (ranging from 1/50 to 1/5 of the serum concentration). In the six patients receiving cefazolin, a detectable concentration was found in only one cancellous bone sample. In the six patients receiving methicillin, detectable concentrations were found only in the blood contaminated specimens of one cancellous and two cortical bone samples. However, by the method used, the recoveries of standard solutions of methicillin in cancellous and cortical bone were about 50 per cent and 15 per cent, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Mode of degradation of precursor-specific ribonucleic acid fragments by Bacillus subtilis.

A precursor of 5S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) from Bacillus subtilis was cleaved by ribonuclease (RNase) M5 in cell-free extracts from B. subtilis to yield the mature 5S rRNA plus RNA fragments derived from both termini of the precursor. The released, mature 5S rRNA was stable in these extracts; however, as occurred in vivo, the precursor-specific fragments were rapidly and completely destroyed. Such destruction was not observed in the presence of partially purified RNase M5, so fragment scavenging was not effected by the maturation nuclease itself. The selective destruction of the precursor-specific fragments was shown to occur through a 3'-exonucleolytic process with the release of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates; the responsible activity therefore had the character of RNAse II. Consideration of the primary and probable secondary structures of the precursor-specific fragments and mature 5S rRNA suggested that involvement of 3' termini in tight secondary structure may confer protection against the scavenging activity.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1976

Proton-dependent dissociation equilibrium of hemoglobin. 1. A 700-nanometer light-scattering study on horse methemoglobin in the pH range 4.8 to 7.2.

The effect of proton concentration upon the subunit dissociation of horse methemoglobin has been investigated at two ionic strengths by light scattering photometry at 700 nm. Differential refractometry revealed a slight but systematic decrease of the specific refractive index increment with decreasing protein concentration for solutions in dialytic equilibrium with the solvent. In the pH range 4.8-7.2 the dissociation can be described by a simple equilibrium between tetramers and dimers. The dissociation constant Kd of the met derivative is found to be very similar to those of the O2- and CO-ligated states. From the slope of a plot of log Kd vs. pH, the number of protons bound is n = 1.3 +/- 0.1 resulting from an increase in the pK values of two groups upon dissociation. These two groups must be identical because the dissociation is symmetrical.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Proton-dependent dissociation equilibrium of hemoglobin. 2. Surface pressure measurements in monolayers of horse hemoglobin (III).

The molecular weight of hemoglobin (III) in monolayers on aqueous subsolutions has been determined by measuring the surface pressure as a function of the protein surface concentration. The dissociation equilibrium between tetrameric and dimeric hemoglobin (III) was determined for spread as well as adsorbed monolayers. The results were compared with analogous measurements in solution. It was found that the numerical value and the pH dependence of the dissociation constant were similar both in the bulk and in the surface phase of the solution. From these findings it was concluded that the native conformation of hemoglobin (III) is retained after adsorption at aqueous surface.

Animals↗