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Biomedical subjects

E Schroeder

Publications and source records attributed to E Schroeder.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Emergency medical services during the Nijmegen march in 1987. A consecutive prospective study].

In connection with the international Nijmegen march, EDB controlled registration of the first-aid services provided by the Danish first-aid team was carried out. The object of this was to register the pattern of injuries among the participants and correlate this with their health backgrounds in order to assess the possibility of selecting potential risk groups among the participants. Out of 487 uniformed Danish participants (442 men and 45 women) 249 (51.1%) consulted the first-aid team. In addition, 70 other persons also consulted the first-aid team. These consisted mainly of foreigners in uniform and Danish civilian participants. The 319 participants received a total of 862 EDB registered services: 140 (44%) consulted the first-aid team on one occasion while the remaining 179 (56%) had from two to 16 consultations (mean three). The median age was significantly higher for those who had one consultation only as compared with the remainder (24 as compared with 22 years). Just under 2/3 of the participants who received first-aid services were smokers and significantly more smokers were found among those who participated for the first time. Uniformed persons from the womens' services who participated differed from their male colleagues by having significantly fewer skin complaints. A total of nine out of the 487 participants dropped out (1.8%) but only eight of these had been in contact with the first-aid services. These figures are too limited to permit selection of actual risk groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Amaurosis fugax and ocular infarction in adolescents and young adults.

Because the cause and natural history of amaurosis fugax and ocular infarction are unknown in most younger patients, we reviewed the records of 83 patients who had become symptomatic before the age of 45. Cerebral transient ischemic attacks had occurred in 9 of these patients but no case of stroke was found. A striking feature of these patients was that 41% had headache or orbital pain accompanying their amaurotic spells and an additional 25.3% had severe headaches independent of the visual loss. Results of laboratory studies were rarely abnormal and echocardiography disclosed that only 1 patient had previously unknown heart disease. Mitral valve prolapse was detected in 6.5%, a figure similar to that expected for the general population. Of the original 83 patients, 42 were reexamined after a mean period of 5.8 years. None of the patients in this group had had a stroke, and the clinical status at follow-up was not found to correlate with the duration of the visual loss (amaurosis fugax versus ocular infarction), frequency (single versus recurrent episodes), sex, presence of headache or heart disease, cigarette smoking, use of oral contraceptives, or abnormal findings on echocardiograms or laboratory studies. We conclude that amaurosis fugax and ocular infarction occurring in the younger patient are probably associated with a more benign clinical course than that seen in older persons and that migraine is a likely cause for the episodes of visual loss in a majority of this group. Because of this, we believe that a conservative approach to the evaluation of such patients seems warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Early detection of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: interest of Doppler echocardiographic analysis of left ventricular filling dynamics.

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is an effective anticancer agent but its therapeutic value is limited by its myocardial cardiotoxicity. To improve early detection of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, studies were performed in patients with long-term doxorubicin treatment using pulsed Doppler echocardiography to assess the changes in left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling dynamics. M-mode echocardiographic systolic parameters and Doppler transmitral flow velocities were analyzed in two groups of patients. In group A (45 patients, mean age 45 +/- 13 years), the results were compared with those of a control group of 35 normal subjects matched for age. In group B (19 patients, mean age 44 +/- 12 years), the pretreatment results were prospectively compared with those obtained during treatment protocol. The patients received a cumulative dosage of 253 +/- 125 mg/m2 of doxorubicin for group A and 240 +/- 135 mg/m2 for group B. After doxorubicin treatment, in the two groups there were no significant changes in LV dimensions, shortening fraction, and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF). In contrast, Doppler echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function were significantly modified after doxorubicin in the two groups:isovolumic relaxation period was prolonged by 32% in group A (p less than 0.001) and by 22% in group B (p less than 0.005).2+ The early peak flow velocity was reduced by 18% in group A (p less 0.002) and by 13% in group B (p less than 0.04), and the ratio early peak flow velocity/atrial peak flow velocity also decreased significantly, by 23% in group A (p less than 0.001) and by 20% in group B (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Detection of restenosis after coronary angioplasty for single-vessel disease: how reliable are exercise electrocardiography and scintigraphy in asymptomatic patients?

The diagnostic value of exercise electrocardiography and thallium myocardial scintigraphy for the detection of restenosis was assessed in 111 patients undergoing control angiography 6 months after successful coronary angioplasty. All patients were free of symptoms at the time of the study. A diameter reduction of 70% or more at the site of angioplasty was considered restenosis. The sensitivity of exercise electrocardiography is low (64%). Exercise ECG and scintigraphy are highly specific (respectively 90% and 93%). The predictive value of a positive ECG or thallium scintigraphy is poor (respectively 53% and 63%). The value of a negative scintigraphic result is slightly better than the predictive value of a negative ECG (98% vs 95%; NS). A negative exercise scintigraphy almost excludes severe restenosis. These non-invasive tests seem suitable for the detection of asymptomatic restenosis.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1989

Excimer laser keratoplasty. Part 2: Elliptical keratoplasty.

An excimer laser at 193 nm was used with a new "open mask system" to perform elliptical noncontact and nonthermal keratoplasties and corneal grafts in human cadaver eyes (Part 1 of this article, Ophthalmic Surg 1989; 20:262-267). By light microscopy the corneas showed sharp, unbeveled cut margins with nearly perfect apposition of the inner wound aspects. An elliptical shape may be better than a circular one, since the former closely approximates the cornea's normal elliptical outline, making it easier to fit corresponding areas of corneal graft to bed. Also, it provides a wider area of Bowman's membrane for anchoring sutures and relatively less volume of donor antigenic tissue.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1989

Excimer laser keratoplasty. Part 1: Basic concepts.

A commercially available ophthalmic excimer laser was used with a new "open mask system" to perform noncontact and nonthermal excimer laser keratoplasty in 20 human and 40 pig cadaver eyes. Circular penetrating corneal trephinations and corneal grafts were performed with the excimer laser set at 193 nm. Light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the human and pig eyes demonstrated the high quality of excimer laser trephination (smooth wound margins that were approximately parallel to the optical axis of the eye), and the superior wound configuration and geometry.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The ergonovine test with injection of increasing doses in the diagnosis of chest pain].

Ergonovine testing was performed in 40 patients with normal coronary angiograms (24 men, 16 women, mean age 53 years) complaining of chest pain. Esophageal and coronary spasm were assessed by simultaneous esophageal manometry, 12-lead-EKG and myocardial scintigraphy. Progressive doses of ergonovine were injected. Of the 17 patients experiencing chest pain during testing, coronary spasm occurred in 3 and esophageal motor disorders in 7 (peristaltic contraction waves of high amplitude in 3, diffuse esophageal spasm in 4). The dose necessary was more than 0.175 mg. No objective changes (EKG and manometry) were observed in the 7 remaining patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Antipyrine and metronidazole metabolism during occupational exposure to gasoline.

Antipyrine and metronidazole clearance was measured in 18 fuel-filling attendants by the single-sample method while the attendants were being exposed occupationally to gasoline; the measurements were repeated after 2-4 weeks with no exposure. Eighteen office workers were investigated simultaneously. The median concentration of gasoline in the breathing zone of the fuel-filling attendants during filling and cleaning operations was 270 mgm-3 (range 18-1758 mgm-3). Antipyrine clearance was 18% higher during exposure to gasoline than after 2-4 weeks of vacation (P less than 0.01), while antipyrine clearance was unchanged in the office workers. No change was found in metronidazole clearance in either group. Antipyrine clearance was on average 26% higher in the smokers than in the nonsmokers (P less than 0.05), while metronidazole clearance was similar in smokers and nonsmokers. We conclude that gasoline is an inducer of antipyrine elimination, with no impact on metronidazole elimination. This indicates that gasoline has a differential inducing effect on the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes of man.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Identification of vaccinia promoters by heterologous expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in mouse cells infected by recombinant vaccinia viruses.

DNA fragments preceding open reading frames in a conserved segment of the vaccinia virus genome (Plucienniczak A., et al. (1985) Nucleic Acids Res. 13, 985-998) were cloned into plasmids upstream of the S gene of the hepatitis B virus encoding the surface antigen (HBsAg). Recombinant vaccinia virus obtained after insertion of these constructs into the thymidine kinase gene were used to infect mouse 1D cells. HBsAg was assayed in cellular supernatants. A strong promoter was thus identified in a 295 bp fragment preceding the coding region of the 147 kDa subunit of the vaccinia RNA polymerase.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Usefulness of anatomic parameters derived from two-dimensional echocardiography for estimating magnitude of left to right shunt in patients with atrial septal defect.

The ability of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) to quantitate the atrial septal defect size and left-to-right shunt magnitude was examined in 75 adult patients with simple ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) with left-to-right shunts of 19-92% of systemic flow as determined by oximetry. The ASD was visualized in 71 of 75 (95%) patients utilizing subcostal 2DE, and the end-systolic atrial septal defect diameters in subcostal 2DE (ASDe) were measured. The maximal diameters of ASD measured during operation (ASDop) were obtained in 45 of these patients, who then underwent surgical ASD repair. The correlation between ASDe and ASDop was high (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001), indicating accuracy of quantitating defect size via subcostal 2DE approach. However, the correlation between the left-to-right shunt magnitude and ASDe was only fair (r = 0.76, p less than 0.01). In large ASDe the shunts varied greatly, while in small ASDe the shunts increased proportionally with increasing sizes of ASD. In addition, the ratio of left-to-right ventricular diameter (RVD/LVD) was determined. The RVD/LVD correlated relatively well with the shunt magnitudes (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001). Using the two new echocardiographic parameters of ASDe and RVD/LVD, a high percentage (85%) of patients with a large left-to-right shunt requiring surgical closure can be identified. All 43 patients with ASDe greater than 2.0 cm and RVD/LVD greater than 1.1 had a left-to-right shunt greater than 40%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Reconstructive microsurgery of the rabbit oviduct using serosal microsutures and fibrin sealant.

Microsurgical reconstruction of the rabbit oviduct was undertaken utilizing either: A: fibrin sealant in a thick layer applied to two or three serosa microsutures (20 rabbits), B: fibrin sealant only (20 rabbits), and C: microsutures only (20 rabbits). The pregnancy rates and the patency rates of the oviducts showed no significant differences between the three groups. However, the formation of adhesions at the site of reanastomosis was significantly lower and the total duration of surgery significantly shortened when fibrin sealant was employed. It is concluded that fibrin sealant combined with serosa microsutures certainly is the most convenient method in human tubal microsurgery seeing that this method maintains a higher tensil strength at the site of reanastomosis as compared to group B and avoid the risk of mucosal lesions as compared to group C.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Decidual prolactin content and secretion at term. Correlations with the clinical data.

This study was conducted to describe the distributions of the initial decidual PRL content (D-PRL) and the decidual PRL secretion (D-PRL-s) in vitro at term and to ascertain whether the clinical data might influence these decidual PRL measures and their correlation with the amniotic fluid PRL concentration (A-PRL). Decidual tissue was obtained after 134 normal pregnancies at term. D-PRL and D-PRL-s into the medium after an 8 h incubation were determined. The distributions of D-PRL and D-PRL-s were skewed to the right. A logarithmic transformation generated symmetric distributions. Eight women who were delivered by vacuum extraction due to intra-uterine asphyxia had D-PRL values similar those in normal vaginal parturition, whereas D-PRL-s values were significantly reduced (p less than 0.02). No significant difference (p greater than 0.05) was found in the decidual PRL measures in the vaginal deliveries between those receiving labor stimulating medication and those without, or between women who gave birth vaginally and women undergoing elective cesarean section. Stepwise multiple regression analyses of data obtained from 30 women who gave birth after uncomplicated or various pathological pregnancies showed logarithmically transformed A-PRL to be closely correlated with D-PRL, and these correlations were improved by including the week of gestation as a second step (p less than 0.00001). After normal pregnancy, D-PRL-s was significantly correlated with D-PRL (p less than 0.01), and D-PRL was correlated with the week of gestation (p less than 0.05). None of the remaining clinical data improved the correlations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of ouabain and bumetanide on the basal and the osmolality-affected prolactin secretion from human decidual cells in vitro.

Human decidual explants were incubated in vitro in media containing 10(-5) mol/l ouabain or 10(-4) mol/l ouabain or 0.5 X 10(-4) mol/l bumetanide to change the intracellular ionic concentrations. In isosmotic incubations (osmolality 315 mmol/kg), no significant effect of either 10(-5) mol/l ouabain or 0.5 X 10(-4) mol/l bumetanide was found on the decidual prolactin secretion (D-PRL-s). 10(-4) mol/l ouabain significantly decreased both decidual prolactin production and D-PRL-s (P less than 0.05) and was therefore not used for the following cross-over experiments. Hyperosmotic media (387 mmol/kg) were produced by changing the concentration of either sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or mannitol. All increased D-PRL-s compared with the isosmotic media (315 mmol/kg). 10(-5) mol/l ouabain significantly diminished the increase otherwise elicited by the sodium chloride and the mannitol hyperosmotic media. However, in the hyperosmotic potassium chloride medium with 10(-5) mol/l ouabain, the D-PRL-s remained increased. The hyperosmotic medium (252 mmol/kg) reduced D-PRL-s compared with the isosmotic media (315 mmol/kg) and no significant effect of ouabain was found. Bumetanide did not change the D-PRL-s into any of the hypo- or hyperosmotic media compared with the secretion at 315 mmol/kg. Based on experience from other cell types, the results further indicate that the intracellular ionic concentrations could be of importance to the secretion of decidual prolactin in vitro.

Bumetanide↗
PubMed1985

Nucleotide sequence of a cluster of early and late genes in a conserved segment of the vaccinia virus genome.

The nucleotide sequence of a 7.6 kb vaccinia DNA segment from a genomic region conserved among different orthopox virus has been determined. This segment contains a tight cluster of 12 partly overlapping open reading frames most of which can be correlated with previously identified early and late proteins and mRNAs. Regulatory signals used by vaccinia virus have been studied. Presumptive promoter regions are rich in A, T and carry the consensus sequences TATA and AATAA spaced at 20-24 base pairs. Tandem repeats of a CTATTC consensus sequence are proposed to be involved in the termination of early transcription.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of interval and postabortal/puerperal laparoscopic sterilization with the tubal ring procedure.

During a 5-year period, 344 women underwent laparoscopic sterilization with the tubal ring. Complications and failure rates were compared in intervals and postabortal/puerperal procedures. Only 9% were lost to follow-up, and 50% underwent a hysterosalpingoghraphy (HSG). The comparison of interval and postabortal/puerperal procedures showed no significant differences in complication rates, but postabortal/puerperal laparoscopy had a significantly lower failure rate than interval procedures (p less than 0.01). It was found that women whose laparoscopy was carried out despite peroperative complications had a significantly higher risk of sterilization failure (p less than 0.005). It is concluded that postabortal/puerperal laparoscopic sterilization with the tubal ring procedure is as safe as interval sterilization, and it is strongly recommended that peroperative complications with tubal ring sterilization should result in a reversion of the laparoscopy to a laparotomy and, if not, that the women be referred for HSG.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1985

Jet fuel and liver function.

The impact of occupational exposure to jet fuel on antipyrine elimination was studied in 91 fuel-filing attendants. The mean antipyrine clearance was enhanced to 68.4 (SD 19.5) ml/min during exposure to jet fuel compared to 57.9 (SD 18.1) ml/min after an exposure-free period of two to four weeks. The corresponding values for 47 office workers (referents) were 62.7 (SD 22.2) ml/min and 56.4 (SD 22.3) ml/min. The median jet fuel concentration in the breathing zone of the fuel-filling attendants was 31 (range 1-1 020) mg/m3. No known inducing factor could be identified in the work environment of the office workers. No difference in the concentration of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in serum was found either within or between the groups. Our study indicates that jet fuel, which is a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic organic solvents resembling gasoline and white spirit, is an inducer of hepatic drug metabolism in man.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1985

Paradoxical ventricular septal motion after cardiac surgery. Analysis of M-mode echocardiograms and follow-up in 324 patients.

Ventricular septal wall motion, assessed by M-mode echocardiography, was analyzed, retrospectively, in 324 patients after open heart surgery (214 patients with valvular replacement, 110 patients with aorto-coronary bypass surgery); the mean follow-up was 14 months (1 month to 5 years). In the early (less than 1 month) postoperative period, an anterior systolic (paradoxical) motion of septum (PVSM) was observed in 66% of the patients with valvular surgery, and in 76% of those with coronary surgery. PVSM disappears progressively: one year after surgery, it occurs in only 21% of patients with valvular surgery and in 16% of patients with coronary surgery. There is no significant difference in frequency and evolution of PVSM between the different types of surgical interventions (valvular versus coronary surgery; aortic versus mitral surgery; single bypass graft versus multiple bypass grafts). The similar frequency and evolution of PVSM after aorto-coronary venous graft surgery and valvular replacement surgery support the hypothesis that PVSM would be the expression of a greater anterior systolic motion of the whole heart, related to the loss of pericardial restraint. PVSM disappears slowly after surgery, probably following the development of cardiothoracic adherences.

Adolescent↗