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Biomedical subjects

E Schober

Publications and source records attributed to E Schober.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Esophageal motor disorders: videofluoroscopic and manometric evaluation--prospective study in 88 symptomatic patients.

Esophageal motor disorders are best evaluated with manometry, which, however, is time-consuming and not generally available. The authors prospectively investigated the yield of videofluoroscopy in detection of esophageal motor disorders in comparison with that of manometry. Eighty-eight patients with dysphagia, globus sensation, noncardiac chest pain, or progressive systemic sclerosis underwent both manometry and videofluoroscopy at 0-32-day intervals. Videofluoroscopy was performed with one swallowing study in the upright position and up to three swallowing studies in the prone oblique position. Manometric diagnoses of achalasia (n = 15), diffuse esophageal spasm (n = 1), nonspecific esophageal motor disorders (n = 44), and adynamic esophagus (n = 9) were made. Videofluoroscopically, 87% of the patients with achalasia, the one patient with diffuse spasms, 73% of the patients with nonspecific esophageal motor disorders, and all of the patients with adynamic esophagus received a correct diagnosis, for an overall sensitivity of 80%. The radiographic specificity was 79%. The authors conclude that videofluoroscopy is a valuable and reasonably sensitive technique for screening for esophageal motor disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Incidence of pediatric diabetes mellitus in Austria--results of a prospective study 1989-1990].

The mean annual incidence of childhood diabetes mellitus (0-14 years of age) in Austria was 7,713 cases per 100,000 during 1989-1990. The manifestation rate in boys was insignificantly higher than in girls and the age distribution showed an increase up to an incidence peak around puberty. Typical seasonal variation with the highest incidence in autumn and winter could be demonstrated and the incidence in eastern parts of Austria seemed to be higher than in Vorarlberg.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Melatonin secretion in Turner's syndrome: lack of effect of oestrogen administration.

Melatonin secretion was investigated in 13 girls with Turner's syndrome before and after long-term oestrogen administration. Oestrogen treatment resulted in an increase in the serum levels of the hormone and a decrease in blood progesterone concentration. No change, however, was observed in the melatonin secretion pattern (in terms of peak values, time of peak level and total melatonin secretion) after oestrogen therapy. A distinct circadian rhythm in serum melatonin was evident in all subjects with peak occurring around 0200 h and concentration similar to those of normal subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Influence of estrogen administration on growth hormone response to GHRH and L-Dopa in patients with Turner's syndrome.

The modulating effect of estrogen on GH secretion was studied in 22 patients with Turner's syndrome. Estrogen administration (0.5 microgram/kg ethinylestradiol) for a period of 4 weeks resulted in a significant increase in basal GH concentrations (2.6 vs 4.8 micrograms/l, P less than 0.01). The L-Dopa-stimulated GH concentrations were also significantly increased (P less than 0.01), whereas no effect of estrogen substitution on GH responses to GHRH (1-44) and Sm-C levels was seen. Our findings demonstrate a priming effect of estrogen on GH secretion in patients with Turner's syndrome. These patients generally lack the puberty-associated rise in GH secretion, which might be due to ovarian failure and the concomitant estrogen deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Incidence of childhood diabetes mellitus in Austria 1979-1984.

The mean annual incidence of childhood diabetes mellitus in Austria was 7.22 cases per 100,000 with a year to year variation of 6.09-8.67 per 100,000. A seasonal variation of onset, with peaks in autumn and winter and with lower rates in summer in children older than 4 years, could be observed. The peak incidence in girls occurred at 11-12 years and preceded the highest incidence in boys by 1-2 years. Both sexes showed a small peak around 6 years of age. The male to female ratio was 1.2/1. Compared to epidemiologic studies in north-western Europe the incidence of childhood diabetes in Austria is low, however higher than in France or Italy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Age-related changes in stimulation and secretory rhythm of serum gonadotropins in children with Ullrich-Turner syndrome].

In 22 girls with Ullrich-Turner-Syndrome (UTS) aged 1.3 to 17.6 years basal and LHRH-stimulated gonadotropin (Gn)-concentrations as well as spontaneous variations of Gn-secretions were measured in order to recognize age dependent changes. Basal Gn-concentrations were elevated in the 1-year old girl, showed normal values in patients whose bone age was less than 11 years and were elevated again in the group with a bone age greater than 11 years. Stimulated LH and FSH concentrations were significantly elevated in all age-groups when compared with the values of age-matched controls. Minimal and maximal Gn-concentrations during spontaneous secretion were low in patients with a bone age less than 11 years, whereas a distinct elevation could be noted in the 1-year old child and in the elder group when compared with age-matched controls. According to these findings the typical age-dependent change of Gn-secretory dynamics could also be demonstrated in children with UTS albeit on an elevated level. A bone age of 11 to 11.5 years, when serum concentrations of Gn rise in healthy girls followed by onset of puberty seems to be the biological indicator for changes of the hypothalamo-hypopituitary level also in girls with Ullrich-Turner-Syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Basic-bolus therapy of diabetic children and adolescents using Novo Pens].

A multiple injection regimen using a pen-injector (Novo Pen) was applied to 34 diabetic adolescents (age: 15.4 +/- 2.4 years). During the observation-period of 6 months HbA1c fell significantly from 8.98 +/- 0.31 to 7.82 +/- 0.25 rel%. At the end of the study all patients wanted to continue this regimen considering the advantage of improved life quality compensating for the inconvenience of multiple injections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Long-term ophthalmologic follow-up of diabetic children].

Sixty-four infant diabetics were kept under observation for an average of 6.1 years to obtain ophthalmologic and endocrinologic data (biomicroscopic fundus examination, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography; blood sugar level, HbA1c determination, ketoacidosis, microalbuminuria, HLA-DR typing). In 28 patients (44%, Group B) retinal vascular changes corresponding to the picture of diabetic preretinopathy were detected by fluorescein angiography. In 36 children (56%, Group A), the retinal vascular system was normal. In 16 patients vascular anomalies increased during the observation period, while in 12 patients no further changes were seen. On comparing the endocrinologic findings in the two groups, the only statistically significant difference was in the ketoacidosis values. A tendency to hypoglycemic attacks, as well as elevated HbA1c and microalbuminuria levels, was likewise more frequent in Group B. Aside from the typical distribution, HLA-DR typing revealed a considerable percentage of children with 1/4 localization in Group B only. It was not seen in any patient in Group A. These results give rise to the hope that HLA-DR typing will enable prognostic conclusions to be drawn concerning the time of onset and progression of diabetic retinal alterations in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Increase of serum lipids and serum lipoproteins in girls under therapy with estrogen and norethisteron for height reduction.

The effect of a combined treatment with ethinyl estradiol and norethisteron for height reduction on serum lipids and lipoproteins was investigated in 23 excessively tall girls (greater than 97th percentile). Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C were determined before and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the onset and 3 to 12 months after cessation of therapy. Treatment with ethinyl estradiol and norethisteron resulted in significant (p less than 0.01) mean increases in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C of 20.6%, 95.5%, 23.6%, and 22.2% above pretreatment values, respectively. This increase occurred during the first 3 months of therapy and thereafter no further significant change was observed. After cessation of therapy elevated levels returned to pretreatment levels within 3 to 12 months in all but two patients. The results obtained suggest an influence of ethinyl estradiol and norethisteron on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Whether these reversible changes of serum lipids and lipoproteins are associated with an increased risk for developing atherosclerosis has to be evaluated in long term investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Gonadotropin secretion in children with galactosemia].

Basal and stimulated gonadotropin levels were evaluated in 8 children with galactosemia (2 boys, 6 girls). 5 girls demonstrated increased gonadotropin concentrations being in accordance with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. It appears, that galactose and its metabolites-either dietary or by self-intoxication-exerts a toxic effect on the ovarian parenchyma, whereas the testis seems to be resistant to the damaging agent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Chronobiology of urinary acid glycosaminoglycan excretion.

Acid glycosaminoglycans (AGAG, mucopolysaccharides) are major constituents of the extracellular matrix. They play a role in filtration and permeability processes, isolation and scaffolding. In childhood no circadian rhythms have been reported up to now. We examined 11 children testing the parameters of: urine volume, creatinine concentration and -excretion, glycosaminoglycan concentration and -excretion, the glycosaminoglycan/creatinine ratio, chondroitin 4 sulfate (Ch4S) in % of total AGAG, Ch4S in mg/2 hrs, heparan sulfate (HS) in % of total AGAG and HS in mg/2 hrs. The biorhythmicity of these data were processed by the cosinor system. We found significant circadian rhythmus for urine volume (acrophase at 1704 hrs, p = 0.05), creatinine concentration (acrophase at 0512 hrs, p = 0.01) and glycosaminoglycan concentration (acrophase at 0358 hrs, p = 0.005). The data presented can form the physiological basis for studies of biorhythmicity in several pathological states as e.g. diabetes and mucopolysaccaridoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Increased prolactin concentration and thyrotropic insufficiency in patients with growth hormone deficiency].

An increase in TSH secretion in patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) indicates hypothalamic thyrotropic dysfunction. A simultaneous increase in prolactin (PRL) response to TRH is often observed in these patients. In order to find out whether these patients need additional thyroxine treatment, we investigated thyrotropic function in 15 patients with GHD and increased PRL secretion. 3 groups of patients emerged: 1. Four patients were clinically hypothyroid (T42.9 +/- 1.3 micrograms/dl); 2. Four patients developed low T4 levels during growth hormone therapy (T43.5 +/- 0.1 micrograms/dl), although their T4 levels were normal before growth hormone treatment was initiated (T45.7 +/- 0.5 micrograms/dl). 3. Seven patients had T4 levels in the lower normal range (7.0 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dl). The growth velocity of these patients was monitored when thyroxine treatment was given in addition to hGH. Thyroxine administration resulted in suppression of TSH secretion in all patients while PRL concentrations remained elevated. Growth velocity was improved with additional T4 therapy in groups 2 and 3 without undue acceleration of bone age. All patients with GHD and elevated PRL levels should be carefully monitored for thyrotropic dysfunction.

Body Height↗
PubMed1986

HLA-DR 3 is associated with a more slowly progressive form of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.

The presence of HLA-DR 3 was analysed in 745 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes with age at diagnosis between 1-19 years. HLA-DR 3 and/or 4 was found in 678/745 (91%) of the patients. Presence of DR2 with neither DR 3 nor 4 was demonstrated in 15 patients. Patients with HLA-DR 3 without DR 4 presented with Type 1 diabetes more evenly over the year; they also presented without incidence peaks at 7 years or 10-11 years, as seen especially in DR 3/4 patients. The DR 3 patients more often had mild disease with less ketonuria at diagnosis, less often ketoacidotic symptoms and more often a subsequent partial remission. The apparently more severe disease among diabetic girls may, at least to some extent, be explained by their higher prevalence of HLA-DR 4. The differences found were similar in North America and Europe. The results suggest that Type 1 diabetes is a genetically heterogeneous disease and that HLA-typing may be a useful marker of this heterogeneity.

Adolescent↗