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Biomedical subjects

E Schober

Publications and source records attributed to E Schober.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and visually evoked potentials in young patients with IDDM.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether young IDDM patients develop central nervous dysfunction and to establish a possible relationship with various disease parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients, aged 13.5 +/- 2 years, with disease duration of 6 +/- 2.6 years and age of onset of 7.7 +/- 3.2 years (group 1), and 21 patients with short-term disease, age 9.7 +/- 3.5 years, duration of disease < 2 years and age of onset of 9.4 +/- 3.3 years (group 2) were compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. Exclusion criteria were clinical signs of neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, or hearing impairment. Neurophysiological studies included auditory and visually evoked potentials (EPs). RESULTS: Patients in group 1 revealed increased P100 latencies of visually EPs (103.4 +/- 4.5 vs. 96.8 +/- 3.7 ms) and interpeak latencies I-V of auditory EPs (4.16 +/- 0.10 vs. 3.99 +/- 0.09 ms) and had abnormal latencies (values outside 2.5 SD) in 37%. However, short-term patients (group 2) had results within normal limits compared with control subjects. In group 1, longer disease duration and younger age at onset correlated with an increase of P100 latency (P < 0.001) and IPL I-V (P < 0.001). Patients with a history of severe hypoglycemic episodes had increased latencies compared with patients without hypoglycemia (P < 0.05). Furthermore, metabolic control during the last 2 years was related to P100 latencies (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: EPs noninvasively detect subclinical central nervous system involvement in children and adolescents with IDDM. Most important risk factors are duration of disease and frequency of severe hypoglycemia.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

Growth retardation and reduced growth hormone secretion in a boy with achalasia.

UNLABELLED: A 15-year-old boy with achalasia of the oesophagus is described in whom growth retardation was the presenting and misleading symptom. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I secretion were decreased but GH therapy was unsuccessful. After pneumatic dilatation of the oesophageal sphincter catch up growth occurred. CONCLUSION: In children with inconclusive results of GH stimulation tests and unresponsiveness to GH treatment, rare causes of growth retardation due to malnutrition or malabsorption should be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Glycaemic responses to commonly ingested breakfasts in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

UNLABELLED: The glycaemic response to commonly ingested breakfast with different glycaemic index (cornflakes, white bread, dark rye bread and muesli) was investigated in 14 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The blood glucose response after cornflakes was significantly higher than after the other breakfasts, whereas the areas under the blood glucose curve were not statistically different. We observed no difference in blood glucose rise between the other breakfast types. CONCLUSION: Postprandial blood glucose measurements after meals with high glycaemic index may be useful in order to minimize the postprandial rise in blood glucose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Recurrent suppurative thyroiditis due to pyriform sinus fistula: a case report.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rare disease, particularly in childhood. We present a case with recurrent acute suppurative thyroiditis due to a pyriform sinus fistula originating from the fourth branchial pouch. The typical symptoms of a pyriform sinus fistula are recurrent left-sided pain and swelling of the neck with signs of acute bacterial inflammation. Diagnosis should be made by high resolution ultrasound, barium meal studies and endoscopic examination. During acute exacerbations treatment with antibiotics is indicated, but permanent cure can only be attained by complete fistulectomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Aldosterone and testosterone producing adrenal adenoma in childhood.

An 8-year-old boy presented with precocious puberty and hypertension. He had hypokalemia, increased serum aldosterone and testosterone levels and low plasma renin activity. An adrenal adenoma was found using imaging methods and was removed. Postoperatively aldosterone, testosterone and blood pressure returned to normal. Renal ultrasonography findings were consistent with nephrocalcinosis, which might be explained by long lasting hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hypercalciuria. Precocious pseudopuberty progressed into true puberty due to the maturational effect of testosterone. Nephrocalcinosis was still present 8 years later and hypertension was recurring obviously as a consequence of increased peripheral resistance.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1995

Vegetable oil as an MR contrast agent for rectal applications.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of pure vegetable oil as an MR contrast agent for rectal applications. The hypothesis was that vegetable oil highlights the lumen of the rectum after rectal application as a positive contrast medium and offers additional contrast qualities using fat suppression techniques. Eleven MRI examinations were performed on 11 subjects (five healthy volunteers, all males, mean age 35 yr; and six patients, three males, three females, mean age 49 yr). Peanut oil, 200 ml, was applied rectally. In addition, 0.1 mmol/kg GD-DTPA was administered intravenously to the six patients only. Conventional T1-weighted SE sequences and T1-weighted SE images with fat suppression were obtained. Criteria for image evaluation were: overall image quality; uniformity of contrast distribution; chemical shift artifact; and delineation of the rectal wall. Side effects were assessed. There were no complaints reported by the 11 subjects. The image quality was sufficient in all studies. In all five of the volunteers and five of the six patients, the distribution of oil was uniform. Chemical shift artifacts did not deteriorate image quality. After rectal application of vegetable oil, the delineation of the rectal wall was sufficient with and without fat suppression techniques. Vegetable oil highlights the lumen of the rectum in MRI studies and offers additional contrast qualities with fat suppression techniques, acting as a positive as well as a negative contrast agent, depending on the chosen sequence.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1995

Quantitative EEG in young diabetics.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of metabolic control on quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities in young diabetic patients. We compared quantitative EEGs of 44 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with age-matched controls. Furthermore, differences in EEG variables of diabetic patients and controls were correlated with the age of onset and duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c concentrations, and episodes with severe hypoglycemia. We found a correlation between high values of hemoglobin A1c and decreased relative power of the alpha band. Patients with previous ketoacidotic episodes had increased relative power of the delta/theta band and decreased relative power of the alpha band. Patients with hemoglobin A1c values less than 8.5% exhibited slowing of background activity compared with normal controls. We conclude that metabolic control influences the EEG and that improvement of glucose metabolism is an important factor in avoiding EEG abnormalities in young diabetic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Increasing incidence of IDDM in Austrian children. A nationwide study 1979-1993. Austrian Diabetes Incidence Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: A nationwide population-based study was conducted to assess the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) incidence in childhood over a 15-year period (1979-1993). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all Austrian pediatric departments and diabetologists. The secondary data source was based on patient organization lists and hospital administration data. The data from 1979-1987 were collected retrospectively, while from 1988 to 1993 the registration of cases was performed prospectively in the same network. Estimates of probability of ascertainment were calculated according to the capture-recapture method. RESULTS: The achieved ascertainment was 94% . The overall annual incidence was 7.9/100,000 person-years in children 0-14 years old. During the observation period, the incidence rose by 2.4% annually. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of childhood IDDM in Austria, a European country with an intermediate risk for IDDM, showed a proportionally similar increase to that of Northern European countries over the past decade. The increase seems to be continuous, following mainly a linear trend with superimposed sudden outbreaks indicating environmental causative factors.

Austria↗
PubMed1995

[Functional disorders of the esophagus. Radiologic diagnosis].

Radiological evaluation of esophageal motility and the lower esophageal sphincter has gained increased attention in recent years. Videofluoroscopic investigation of esophageal motor function is superior to static film radiography, as repeated analysis of the videotaped recordings is possible. With emphasis on radiological techniques, normal esophageal physiology and motility and a variety of esophageal motor disorders are discussed in this review paper. Radiological evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and reflux esophagitis is described. Clinical and radiological findings in esophageal motility disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease and the radiological efficacy compared to that of manometry and pH-metry are discussed.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1995

[Videocinematography of swallowing. Indications, methodology and findings].

The purpose of this study was to given an introduction to the radiological evaluation of deglutition. The symptoms leading to videofluoroscopic investigation of swallowing are explained. The examination has to be tailored to the patient's symptoms. Each film scene depicts a characteristic patient position, a particular kind of contrast material and a certain amount. A systematic approach to analyze video films of deglutition and knowledge of the normal and abnormal swallowing functions are mandatory.

Cineradiography↗
PubMed1995

[Radiologic assessment of globus pharyngis. Comparison of the diagnostic value of conventional roentgen with videocinematography].

The feeling of having a lump in the throat is a common complaint of ENT outpatients. The symptom is associated with a multitude of pharyngoesophageal abnormalities. Our study compares the diagnostic yield of videofluoroscopy to that of static radiography in patients suffering from globus pharnygis. A total of 150 consecutive patients complaining of a lump in the throat, but without evidence of dysphagia, were studied in a standardized fashion with both methods. Videofluoroscopy combined with static radiography revealed morphological or functional abnormalities in 75% of our patients. The combination of the two methods yielded significantly more abnormalities in the pharynx and esophagus than videofluoroscopy (P < 0.0001) or static radiography alone (P < 0.0001). Esophageal motor disorders, pharyngoesophageal sphincter dysfunction and pharyngeal residue of contrast material proved to be the most common abnormalities. In conclusion, videofluoroscopy combined with static radiography is mandatory in the radiological assessment of patients suffering from the globus sensation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Painfulness of needle and jet injection in children with diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether insulin application by jet injector is less painful than by needle. Pain was scored by 41 diabetic and seven healthy volunteers after injections with both methods. Injections by jet were no less painful than those by needle but produced several local side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Urinary growth hormone excretion in diabetic children: relation to nocturnal course of blood glucose levels.

A potential relation was evaluated between nocturnal urinary growth hormone (GH) excretion as a parameter for integrated GH secretion and the course of blood glucose (BG) levels during night and morning hours. Twelve diabetic children aged 11.6 +/- 2.0 years (mean +/- SD), with diabetes duration 4.4 +/- 1.6 years, took part in the study. Urine for GH estimation by a highly sensitive EIA was collected from 24.00 to 07.00 h during a diabetic summer camp. BG was monitored at 24.00, 04.00 and 07.00 h. Mean nocturnal GH excretion measured from 158 collections was 5.6 +/- 5.1 ng/g creatinine, with a wide range of 0.36-36.6. Remarkable intra-individual variations were found between distinct nights. GH excretion correlated positively with BG levels at 07.00 h (p = 0.003) and with the increment of BG between 24.00 and 07.00 h (p = 0.002). Thus, endogenous variations in nocturnal GH levels may be involved in the day-to-day fluctuations in fasting BG in diabetic subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Heterogeneous growth hormone (GH) gene mutations in familial GH deficiency.

The GH1 genes of probands of two families with familial isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) were sequenced. Double stranded sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products from genomic DNA of two affected cousins in a consanguineous Turkish family revealed a G-->A transition in the 20th codon of the GH1 signal peptide. This substitution converts a TGG (Trp) to a TAG (stop) codon and generates a new AluI recognition site. PCR amplification of the GH1 alleles of family members, followed by AluI digestion, revealed that the G-->A transition segregated with the IGHD phenotype. In a Saudi Arabian family, a G-->C transversion was found that alters the first base of the donor splice site of intron IV. This substitution should perturb mRNA splicing, resulting in an altered protein product which should be unstable or bioinactive. This transversion also destroys an HphI site, which was used to assay samples from relatives. Digestion of PCR amplification products with HphI demonstrated cosegregation of the G-->C transversion with IGHD. These results demonstrate that familial IGHD is a heterogeneous disease that perturbs different steps in the expression of the GH1 gene.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Septo-optic dysplasia and growth hormone deficiency: accelerated pubertal maturation during GH therapy.

We report four patients (three male, one female) with septo-optic dysplasia and growth hormone deficiency. All had GH therapy for a period of four to eight years until reaching final height. In all four cases bone maturation during puberty was accelerated (1.4 to 1.9 "years"/year), resulting in a final height which was clearly below the predicted height. The progress of pubertal stages was very short in all patients. In three patients TSH and prolactin release after TRH stimulation were increased. These data support a hypothalamic original of the endocrine disorder. Insufficient GH release, even after repeated GHRH stimulation, is in contrast to this assumption. In one case there was a late manifestation of neurohormonal diabetes insipidus, which indicates the possibility of later disease progression. MR imaging of the brain demonstrated variable malformation of the septum pellucidum, chiasma and nervus opticus or the pituitary gland, respectively.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗