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Biomedical subjects

E Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to E Schmidt.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Halothane and spontaneous motility of human taenia libera in vitro (author's transl)].

Isolated human taenia libera shows spontaneous motility in the organ bath. The active basal tone, force development and frequency of spontaneous contractions and total power parameter "Montevideo Units" were first analysed under control conditions. Halothane lowered the active basal tone, frequency and the total power of the muscle strip in a dose-dependent manner. The amplitude and force of contraction of human taenia libera first began to increase under halothane, attaining its maximum at 1.0 vol.%. Halothane concentrations above 1.5 vol.% at first caused a depression and finally abolished spontaneous motility. The changes in the spontaneous motility pattern brought about by halothane were completely reversible. Possible causes for the halothane effect were considered as to the possible relevance to the in vivo situation.

Gastrointestinal Motility↗
PubMed1981

[Complications and risks of brachial plexus anaesthesia with special reference to long-term damage (author's transl)].

During 1974-1978 620 regional anaesthesias involving the brachial plexus were performed. Three techniques, viz: supraclavicular, axillary, interscalene were employed. The data are analysed with a view to comparing the efficacy and safety of the techniques with a special reference to long-term damage. Transient injury to the brachial plexus was observed in 3 of 342 patients who had Kulenkampff's supraclavicular plexus anaesthesia. After 3 months all after-effects had disappeared. Plexus block via the axillary route proved to be the safest technique. Detailed inquiries and follow-up examinations established that none of the techniques had caused irreversible damage to the brachial plexus.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1980

Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds. Halogenated muconic acids as intermediates.

Substituted muconic acids were prepared from the corresponding catechols by pyrocatechase II from Pseudomonas sp. B13. The stabilities of substituted muconic acids were compared under different pH conditions. 3-Substituted cis, cis-muconic acids cycloisomerized readily in slightly acidic solutions, whereas 2-chloro- and 2-fluoro-cis,cis-muconic acids were stable under these conditions and could be isolated as crystalline compounds. They were isomerized to the cis, trans-form in highly acidic solution (pH 1), particularly when heated to 80 degrees C. Cycloisomerization of 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconic acid in 75% (v/v) H2SO4 yields 4-carboxymethyl-2-chloro-but-2-en-4-olide (4-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-3H-furan-2-ylacetic acid). THe cis,cis-configuration of 2-chloromuconic acid was certified by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy and by enzymic cycloisomerization. Although the cis,cis-configuration of 2-fluoromuconic acid was confirmed by corresponding spectroscopic data, it was not cycloisomerized by crude extracts or cycloisomerase II preparations from Pseudomonas sp. B13.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1980

Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds. Conversion of chlorinated muconic acids into maleoylacetic acid.

1. An enzyme for the cycloisomerization of 2- and 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconic acid was isolated from 3-chlorobenzoate-grown cells of Pseudomonas sp. B13. It was named muconate cycloisomerase II, because it could it clearly be differentiated by its Km and Vmax. values from an ordinary muconate cycloisomerase, which functioned in benzoate catabolism and exhibited low activity with the chlorinated substrates. 2-Chloro-cis,cis-muconic acid was converted into trans- and 3-chloro-cis,cis--muconic acid into cis-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide together with dehalogenation. 2. An enzyme was isolated from chlorobenzoate-grown cells, which converted the 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olides into maleoylacetic acid.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1980

The Szasz-ratio (CK/GOT) as example for the diagnostic significance of enzyme ratios in serum.

The diagnostic significance of enzyme and isoenzyme ratios in serum relies on their different distribution at various levels: from organs to subcellular structures. Factors which modify the ratios are the molecular properties of enzymes and isoenzymes and their turnover in the cells and in the extracellular space. These pathophysiological principles are considered with respect to the Szasz ratio CK/GOT and its application for the differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1980

Adaptation of Alcaligenes eutrophus B9 and Pseudomonas sp. B13 to 2-Fluorobenzoate as Growth Substrate.

Alcaligenes eutrophus B9 and Pseudomonas sp. B13 could be adapted to 2-fluorobenzoate as the sole source of carbon and energy. The ability of the A. eutrophus B9 to use this new substrate is clearly based on the defective dihydrodihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase. Nontoxic 6-fluoro-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid is accumulated instead of 3-fluorocatechol. About 84% of the substrate is dioxygenated to catechol and utilized via the 3-oxoadipate pathway. During continuous adaptation of Pseudomonas sp. B13 regioselectivity of dioxygenation of 2-fluorobenzoate is drastically changed in favor of a 1,2-attack. Consequently, approximately 97% of the substrate is utilized via catechol. A three- to fourfold overproduction of key enzymes of the 3-oxoadipate pathway compensates for the slower turnover rates of the fluorinated substrates.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Continent valve ileostomy.

2 years of experience with the sphincteroplasty in colostomy as well as intensive histological studies have shown that gastrointestinal smooth muscle can be autotransplanted without loosing functional or histological integrity. The following conclusions are based on experimental studies in dogs: (1) the sphincteroplasty technique can be successfully applied in ileostomy, and (2) the sphincteroplasty must, however, be combined with a pre-sphincter valve and an omega loop with Braun's anastomosis. The first clinical results confirm this concept.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[A technique for continent feeding jejunostomy (author's transl)].

Nutrition is the main problem with inoperable gastroesophageal tumors. In 15 mongrel dogs the topmost jejunal loop was disconnected in a 'y' shape after Roux and diverted outwards, the small intestine anastomosed end-to-side. A sphincter plastic made of autologous small intestine muscles after the Würzburg method was wrapped as a sleeve around the thigh diverted to the epigastrium. The jejunostomy was absolutely continent; the dogs could be fed an elementary diet by means of a probe without their loss of weight or malaise. The mobility and the uncomplicated application signify improvement on the gastric fistula and parenteral feeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Intra-hepatic percutaneous deposition of radioactive xenon (133Xe) as a means of measuring hepatic blood flow.

Percutaneous deposition of radioactive xenon in the hepatic parenchyma is suggested as a technique for estimating the hepatic blood flow. The authors applied this procedure, which can be repeated at very short intervals, twice in 5 patients suffering from schistosomiasis, and in 6 controls. The percentage of deviation from the mean was calculated by means of two measurements performed in each individual, and was less than 10% in 63.6% of the cases. Higher variations up to 30% can be attributed either to irregular liver perfusion or to oscillations due to emotional distress of the waking subject. The mean value obtained in normal control subjects was 46.7 ml/min per 100 g liver weight. No significant difference was seen between the mean values obtained in patients suffering from schistosomiasis and in the controls. The use of inert gases presents considerable advantages such as rapid diffusion and immediate elimination. However, the varying degree of fatty degeneration with its corresponding changes in the distribution coefficient between gas and tissue, restricts the use of this method in hepatic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Investigation of biomechanics and of neural regulation of the sphincter ani internus (author's transl)].

The contraction capability of the sphincter ani internus corresponds to that of the other sphincters, the muscle itself being twice as expandable. Acetylcholine creates slight relaxation. The transmitters of the inhibiting purinergic system have a semi-maximal effectivity of 123 +/- 30 microgram/ml. The purinergic system is therefore probably of minor importance for the regulation of muscle tone. On the other hand, an adrenergic stimulation leads primarily, by means of beta-receptors, to a strong relaxation followed by a powerful alpha-adrenergic contraction.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1980

[Replacement of the urinary bladder sphincter by autotransplantation of smooth intestinal muscle. (author's transl)].

It was demonstrated by histologic, electronmicroscopic, perfusionmanometric and microangiographic examinations, that smooth muscle of the intestinal tract can be successfully autotransplanted and functions as a sphincter after healing. The sphincter of the urinary bladder was removed in 20 mongrel dogs. The sphincter was replaced by a smooth muscle autotransplant from the intestinal tract. Perfusionmanometry, micturation-urograms and histology showed the uncomplicated healing and the function of the transplants.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Change to continent colostomy with secondary sphincter transplant].

Intesive histological and biomechanical examinations have shown that the smooth muscles of the human gastrointestinal tract can be freely transplanted to take over the functions of a sphincter. In this study it has been shown how conventional colostomy can be converted into a continent one with the aid of a sphincter plasty. The operational technique, especially encircling the rectum, provides protection at the same time against prolapse of the anus praeternaturalis.

Colostomy↗
PubMed1980

[Biomechanics and histological examinations on the pathogenesis of appendicitis].

After appendectomy 60 appendices were examined for their biomechanical characteristics. The active contraction capability and the relaxation after noradrenaline were registered in Tyrode's solution by a tension recorder, and a length/tension graph was drawn up. After histological examination of the appendices, the findings were classified as the classical inflammation stadium. It was shown that the appendix wall can retain its physiological properties up to an advanced stage of inflammation. Physiological decomposition and paralysis of the appendix wall occur only when gangrene sets. Examination also showed that in the subacute inflammation stage scars are formed which cause motility disorders which, in their turn, also cause inflammation.

Appendectomy↗