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Biomedical subjects

E Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to E Schmidt.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Perioperative prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery].

The effects of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in elective colon surgery was evaluated in a prospective study on 100 patients. Bowel cleansing was done by orthograde lavage. The patients were divided into 5 groups receiving equally cefotaxime 3 x 2 g, lamoxactam 3 x 2 g, cefmenoxime 3 x 1 g, mezlocillin 3 x 5 g an piperacillin 3 x 4 g. Mucosa biopsies of the resected colon were taken for aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Further mucosal serum probes were frozen immediately for determination of tissue and serum levels of the antibiotics. Our results show that bacterial growth of the colon mucosa was significantly reduced. Anaerobes were identified in only 8%. The tissue concentrations exceeded the MIC-levels of the identified bowel organisms many times over. The clinical infection rate was 4%. All administered antibiotics can be recommended without reservation.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Differences in the reported frequencies of some obstetrical interventions in Europe.

Answers to a questionnaire on perinatal practices in countries of the WHO European region revealed rates of operative delivery ranging from about 6 to 24%. When the caesarean section rates were compared with the rates of forceps and vacuum extraction for each country, no systematic trend was found. There was a slight negative correlation between the frequencies of operative delivery and national perinatal mortality rates, but this accounts for only a small amount of the inter-country variation in perinatal mortality rates. The frequencies of induction of labour ranged from 12 to 36% in four countries with reliable national data. Relatively few European countries have population-based statistical data on the frequencies of caesarean section, forceps delivery and vacuum extractions. The national recording of induction of labour is unusual. Considering the medical and psycho-social impact of these procedures, we suggest national or regional monitoring.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1983

Degradation of chlorophenols by a defined mixed microbial community.

Synthetic sewage containing phenol, acetone, and alkanols plus 4-chlorophenol or a mixture of isomeric chlorophenols is completely degraded by a defined mixed culture with Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 as a chlorocatechol-dissimilating member of the community. Total degradation of the organic carbon was indicated by release of stoichiometric amounts of chloride and low content of dissolved organic carbon in the cell-free effluents. During adaptation to high loads of chlorophenols the initial meta-cleavage activity was completely replaced by ortho-cleavage activity of type I and II. In the fully acclimated culture, hybrid strains such as Alcaligenes sp. strain A7-2 were detected, which are more competitive than Pseudomonas sp. strain B13 with respect to chlorophenol degradation.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1983

Functional anatomic reconstruction of the cardia.

Experiments on bastard dogs have shown that cardia reconstruction using an omega sling is effective. This sling is a pedicled, extramucosally excised, longitudinal muscle flap from the ventral aspect of the greater gastric curvature, which is prestretched at least 100%, wrapped around the cardia twice and sutured to the posterior gastric wall. A physiological pressure gradient is created with the help of intraoperative manometry. Perfusion manometry, radiology, histology and microangiographs demonstrate the competence of the omega sling.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Identification of immunoglobulin-secreting cells among canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the protein A hemolytic plaque assay.

Canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were assayed for plaque-forming cells either immediately after isolation or after 6 days of culture in fetal calf serum in the presence of a B cell mitogen. Immediately-assayed PBMC produced a mean of 4870 IgG-related, 1610 IgM-related, and 760 IgA-related plaques per 10(6) PBMC. Many of the plaques formed by freshly isolated PBMC, however, appeared to represent release of previously adsorbed antibody. In contrast, plaques formed by cultured cells clearly identified immunoglobulin-secreting cells. We therefore used a system with culture conditions optimized for maximum plaque production to quantify pokeweed mitogen-stimulated plaque formation by normal canine PBMC. A mean of 560 IgG, 180 IgM, and 18 IgA plaque-forming cells could be identified among PMBC of 22 normal dogs. This assay will be useful for further characterization of canine lymphocyte subpopulations and facilitate the study of immunologic disorders in canine models.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in infants weighing more than 2,000 grams at birth: a case-control study.

A retrospective case-control study of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was conducted among infants weighing greater than 2,000 g at birth. Twenty-three infants met the NEC criteria for inclusion in the study; 12 weighed 2,001 to 2,500 g at birth and 11 weighed greater than 2,500 g at birth. Hypoglycemia occurred in 7/12 (55%) infants weighing 2,001 to 2,500 g and in 4/35 (11%) control subjects (P less than .02). In infants weighing greater than 2,500 g at birth, polycythemia (occurring in 7/12 study infants (58%) and 5/32 (16%) control infants) and respiratory distress (3/11 study infants (27%) and 0 control subjects) were significantly associated with NEC (P less than .02). Larger infants with a history of perinatal stress and/or physiologic immaturity are likely to be at greater risk for NEC than their normal counterparts.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

[Spontaneous motility of the human taenia coli under morphine, thiopental and dehydrobenzperidol].

Intestinal dysfunction is well known after narcotic analgesics and anaesthetics. The site and extent of this action is not really known in man. We investigated the direct effect of morphine, thiopentone and droperidol on human taenia libera in vitro. The spontaneous motility of strips of fresh resected human taenia libera induced by a suitable preload was observed by isometric measurement of developed tension. Cumulative doses of morphine 1 X 10(-8) - 3.89 X 10(-6) g/ml, thiopentone 2.5 X 10(-6) - 9.75 X 10(-5) g/ml or droperidol 2.5 X 10(-8) - 9.72 X 10(-6) g/ml were added to the bath solution. The following parameters were analysed: amplitude, frequency and performance (Montevideo Units MU) of the spontaneous contractions and also the basal tone between contractions. Morphine showed no effects. Thiopentone reduced basal tone to 45.5% of the initial value and frequency to zero. The amplitude of contractions and the MU decreased with thiopentone more than 22.5 X 10(-6) g/ml. All effects are reversible. Droperidol has no significant effects with the exception of a light increase of frequency in high doses. The well known in vivo effect of morphine is therefore not induced by direct action on the smooth muscle of human intestine. Thiopentone in high dose can reduced intestinal motility by direct action on the smooth muscle. Droperidol in the dose used is probably without clinical relevance.

Colon↗
PubMed1982

[Preprothrombin in acute viral hepatitis B].

In vitamin K deficiency or treatment with vitamin K antagonists, a precoagulant of prothrombin (Factor II) called preprothrombin has been established. We measured preprothrombin with Clarke-Freeman electrophoresis in 26 patients with acute viral hepatitis (21 HBS-AG positive) who did not suffer from vitamin K deficiency. Prothrombin and the vitamin-K dependent Factors VII, IX, and X were determined by standard coagulometric methods. Prothrombin was additionally estimated by immunoelectrophoresis according to Laurell. Three patients with acute HBS-AG positive hepatitis showed preprothrombin in their plasma. The activity of Factors II, VII, IX, and X was slightly below normal with normal concentration of Factor II in the immunoelectrophoresis. Liver parenchymal damage and cholestasis were slight; the pseudocholinesterase showed subnormal levels in all three patients. Possible causes for the appearance of preprothrombin in the peripheral blood in acute viral hepatitis and the possible connections with liver cell damage are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Effects of varying degrees of heat treatment on milk protein and its nutritional consequenses.

The loss of essential protein-nutrients by heat treatment of formula products has largely been eliminated by modern techniques employed by the food industry. Heat treatment of human milk reduces the biological activity of protein-like antimicrobial factors, but pasteurisation preserves most of the IgA-activity. Little is known about possible nutritional effects on low birthweight infants of heat treatment of human milk. In one study no impairment in nitrogen absorption or retention was observed.

Antibodies↗