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Biomedical subjects

E Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to E Schmidt.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Renal function and morphology in Sudanese patients with advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and portal hypertension.

The association between glomerular disease and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is well documented in reports from South America. During the present hospital investigation in Sudan, 58 patients admitted for intercurrent complications of advanced hepatosplenic schistosomiasis were studied. The patients, median age 35 years, had no concurrent Schistosoma haematobium infection. Diagnostic criteria included an enlarged spleen (n = 58), at least 1 episode of hematemesis (n = 55) and/or melena (n = 36), endoscopical demonstration of gastroesophageal varices (29/29 studied), ultrasonographical imaging of hepatic periportal fibrosis (18/18 studied), and intraoperative liver biopsy with characteristic histological findings (11/16 biopsied). Serum creatinine, urea, electrolytes, cholesterol, total protein, and electrophoresis were within normal limits. Median urinary protein/creatinine ratio was 0.06 and thereby not significantly different from European reference values. Only 1 patient had proteinuria of 1.7 g/l. Minimal hematuria was found in 5 patients. Ten kidney biopsies were taken intraoperatively during a portal decompression procedure (Hassab operation). Light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy produced no evidence of glomerulonephritis. These findings indicate that S. mansoni induced nephrotic syndrome may be less frequent in Sudan than in South America. Renal involvement due to S. mansoni infection may therefore encompass geographical variances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Mapping of transcription units on Xenopus laevis lampbrush chromosomes by in situ hybridization with biotin-labeled cDNA probes.

A non-radioactive in situ hybridization method is described for the localization of transcription units of defined genes to lateral loops of Xenopus laevis lampbrush chromosomes. Two Xenopus cDNA probes were used encoding the nucleolar protein NO38/B23 and cytokeratin 1(8). Both proteins are known to be synthesized in Xenopus oocytes, and Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of the corresponding mRNAs in different oogenic stages. The probes were enzymatically labeled with biotin-dCTP and hybridized to lampbrush chromosomes. The sites of hybridization were detected either by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using rabbit antibodies against biotin and fluorescein-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG or enzymatically using peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. The probe encoding the nucleolar protein hybridized to two sets of lateral loops on different bivalents, the cytokeratin probe to at least four. Our finding that each probe hybridized to more than one chromosomal locus may reflect the tetraploid nature of the Xenopus laevis genome or results from cross-hybridization to other transcriptionally active members of the NO38/B23-nucleoplasmin or the cytokeratin-lamin gene families. The method described should facilitate further in situ hybridization studies with appropriate genomic clones in order to map specific DNA sequences to defined loop regions and to come to a better understanding of the relationship between loop organization and gene transcription unit.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Animal models of human disease. Pathology and molecular biology of spontaneous neoplasms occurring in transgenic mice carrying and expressing activated cellular oncogenes.

This present review focuses on spontaneous neoplasms occurring in transgenic mice carrying and expressing activated cellular oncogenes. The historical development of transgenic mice as in vivo disease models is briefly traced, followed by a brief description of the actual technology in such systems. Additional emphasis is placed on the concept of targeting activated cellular oncogenes to specific tissues in transgenic mice. Cumulative experience with activated (Vmyc, ras, and neu (erb-B2] oncogenes in transgenic mice is considered in detail, with particular attention paid to the observed pathology, as well as to the kinetics of disease occurrence. It is concluded that transgenic mice offer the interested investigator(s) an excellent prospective, in vivo model of oncogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Scintigraphic assessment of bowel involvement and disease activity in Crohn's disease using technetium 99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine as leukocyte label.

Using a novel labeling technique with technetium 99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine, we studied 29 patients with known or suspected Crohn's disease. Technetium 99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine leukocyte scanning (99mTc scan) was prospectively compared with the results of independently performed radiologic, endoscopic, and histologic examinations, and with findings at surgery, to assess the clinical usefulness of this technique to localize inflammatory lesions. In addition, uptake of technetium 99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine in the bowel was graded by comparing it with the uptake in liver and bone marrow and correlating this with established parameters of disease activity. The viability of homologous labeled leukocytes was greater than 95%. Less than 5% of lymphocytes were found in the final preparation. It was found that 45% +/- 12% of the label was bound to granulocytes, and 98% of the unbound label was washed off before reinjection. The results of 99mTc scan revealed a good correlation with those of barium enema (r = 0.880, p less than 0.001), of endoscopy/surgery (r = 0.983, p less than 0.001), and of all combined reference methods (r = 0.981, p less than 0.001). Activity as determined by 99mTc scan was weakly correlated with the results of Crohn's disease activity index (r = 0.559, p less than 0.01), van Hees index (r = 0.606, p less than 0.01), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.456, p less than 0.05) in 24 patients with proven Crohn's disease. The correlation was improved when the 99mTc scan was compared with a combination of these activity parameters and C-reactive protein (r = 0.781, p less than 0.001). Extraintestinal manifestations (joints) and complications (cholecystitis) were also identified correctly by the 99mTc scan. The study demonstrates that leukocyte scanning with technetium 99m-hexamethyl propylene amine oxine as a label can reliably assess the location and, to a lesser degree, activity of Crohn's disease. This technique is more convenient and provides images far superior to those produced by indium 111-labeled leukocyte scanning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

3-Methylhistidine/creatinine ratio in urine from low-birth-weight infants. Statistical analysis.

3-Methylhistidine and creatinine concentrations were determined in 45 24-hour urine samples collected in 380 single voidings from 23 preterm infants (gestational age: 30-36 weeks, median: 33 weeks; birth weight: 1,613 +/- 219 g; age: 9-83 days postpartum) and from 7 infants small for gestational age (birth weight: 2,061 +/- 203 g; age: 2-30 days postpartum). Statistical analysis shows that diurnal variations of the ratio 3-methylhistidine/creatinine are negligible. The variability of this ratio is chiefly caused by differences in excretion on different collection dates and is probably due to differences in the metabolic state. Hence the determination of 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio in single voidings is sufficient even in low-birth-weight infants. In our collective the mean 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio for healthy, well-growing low-birth-weight infants (n = 21) was 19.6 +/- 2.3 mumol/mmol. Infants with stagnating or decreasing weight (n = 5) showed 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratios clearly above that of the normal group.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1988

3-Methylhistidine/creatinine ratio in urine from low-birth-weight infants. Clinical approach.

Single urine voidings were collected twice a week in the clinical course of 12 low-birth-weight infants (gestational age: 31.8 +/- 2.8 weeks; birth weight: 1,383 +/- 308 g) and analyzed for 3-methylhistidine and creatinine. The mean 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio for 6 healthy, well-fed, growing low-birth-weight infants was 20.2 +/- 1.9 mumol/mmol. In the clinical course of single individuals a rise of urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio was observed in cases of acute infection and/or low energy supply (less than 100 kcal/kg/day) frequently coupled with insufficient weight gain. Mean 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratios in infants with hyaline membrane syndrome under artificial respiration were generally higher than in the controls matched for energy supply.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1988

Serum concentrations and accumulation of silver in skin during three months treatment with an anti-smoking chewing gum containing silver acetate.

Silver acetate chewing gum was used for 12 weeks as a smoking deterrent in 21 adults. The effect of silver on serum concentrations, its accumulation in the skin and the risk of developing clinically evident argyria were investigated. Serum concentrations of silver clearly rose after chewing gum use had started, and concentrations quickly returned to normal after use had ceased. In most cases the number of silver granules in skin biopsies, observed by autometallography, increased after the gum had been used for 12 weeks. No one developed clinical signs of argyria. Silver acetate containing remedies can be used as an aid to stop smoking, but the consumption must be monitored to avoid accumulation of larger amounts of silver in the body.

Acetates↗
PubMed1988

[Salmonella montevideo from a hospital outbreak with different antibiograms determined by a plasmid].

From May to June 1984 an outbreak of Salmonella montevideo occurred in the neonatal ward of a district's hospital. 26 babies were involved and mild forms of disease were observed in the most cases. The infants were hospitalized from different reasons and treated chemotherapeutically prior to the nosocomial infection. The Salmonella montevideo strains isolated from the faeces of the infants showed five different antibiograms. In all strains the multiple drug resistance was determined by a single plasmid belonging to the incompatibility group C and with a molecular weight of 110 Md or 100 Md in the threefold resistant strains. These plasmids were found also in the faecal flora (E. coli and Klebsiella) of all patients. It is suggested that a transfer of the plasmids from E. coli or Klebsiella to Salmonella montevideo occurred under in vivo condition, since distinct patients excreted susceptible as well as resistant Salmonellae. This example shows the necessity to include antibiogram and plasmid analysis as epidemiological markers.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1988

Tubo-ovarian abscess: a study of 17 patients.

Patients with tubo-ovarian abscess usually present with pain and fever. Pelvic examination discloses adnexal tenderness or a mass. For unruptured tubo-ovarian abscess, antibiotics that provide anaerobic coverage and are capable of penetrating the abscess should be given. If there is no improvement in 48 to 72 hours, conservative surgery should be performed, preserving hormonal and reproductive function, if possible.

Abscess↗