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Biomedical subjects

E Schimke

Publications and source records attributed to E Schimke.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Distribution of subtypes of the BF system in type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus.

In this study 148 type 1 diabetic patients (mean age: 33 years) and 100 type 2 diabetic patients (mean age: 57.3 years) were typed for BF subtypes by means of isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel (pH range 5.0-8.0) according to Geserick. The frequencies of BF subtypes and the distribution patterns were compared with 584 blood donors. In type 1 diabetics the distribution pattern of BF phenotype frequencies differs significantly from the data of type 2 diabetics and controls. The difference is mainly due to the frequent occurrence of the rare alleles BFF1 and BFSO7. The frequency of the two alleles amounted to 0.0338 and 0.0270, respectively. The relative risk of carriers of the rare alleles BFF1 and BFSO7 was 5.3 and 6.6, respectively. The study demonstrates a marked association between the early onset of type 1 diabetes (less than 20 years of age) and the BFF1 allele. There is no relationship between the rare variants of alleles of the BF system and the occurrence of proliferative retinopathy. However, there was no association between the rare variants of alleles of the BF system and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In summary, the study add further support for genetic heterogeneity of the BF system in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Urinary enzymes and low-molecular-mass proteins as indicators of diabetic nephropathy.

We measured the excretion rates of six urinary enzymes that either originate from the proximal renal tubule, like alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), or that are typical low-molecular-mass proteins, like lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) and pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.5). These rates were compared with those of total protein and albumin in urine of 36 insulin-dependent diabetic men and 30 healthy men. Seventeen of the diabetics had "clinical proteinuria," defined as excretion of more than 7.5 g of protein per mole of urinary creatinine (group B). Group A comprised the 19 diabetics without proteinuria. Except for gamma-glutamyltransferase, the excretions of enzymes and proteins were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls and were greater in group B than in group A. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was the analyte most often increased in group A (89%), followed by albumin and alkaline phosphatase (each 32%). All patients in group B showed increased excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. We conclude from the comparative data that this enzyme may be useful as an early predictor of diabetic nephropathy.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1988

The influence of dietary low and high unsaturated fats and cholesterol on the fatty acid pattern of serum and aortic cholesteryl esters and the lipid deposits of pig aorta.

16 three-month-old female pigs were divided into 3 groups. 6 animals received a semi-synthetic diet containing 15% sunflower oil (g/100 g food) and 1.25% cholesterol (SF group). In 6 animals the sunflower oil was replaced by beef tallow (BT group). 4 control animals 1.5% sunflower oil and without cholesterol. The serum cholesterol levels of the SF group rose moderately, those of the BT group moderately or highly. The relative lipid infiltrated intima area (LIA) and the cholesteryl ester (CE) content of aortas were generally lower in the SF group than in the BT group in comparison to the serum cholesterol levels. The dietary fatty acid pattern determined the fatty acid composition of CE in the serum and extracellular lipid of the aortic lesions. With regard to the intracellular changes of fatty acid pattern of CE (decrease in dienoic acid, predominantly linoleic acid, and increase in monoenoic acids, predominantly oleic acid, and in trienoic acids and higher unsaturated fatty acids), there were important differences between the 2 dietary groups. The dienoic acid content of CE decreased intracellularly from 61% to 30.5%, at the most, in the SF group, and then stopped. In the BT group only 26-35% dienoic acid was available from the extracellular CE and was reduced intracellularly to 9% at the most. In the SF group the intracellular increase in monoenoic acid content of CE was related to the decrease in dienoic acid content. In the BT group this was true only for some lipid deposits of the aorta; in other lesions the monoenoic acid content remained nearly constant or even decreased with decrease in linoleic acid whereas the increase in trienoic acid content was especially high suggesting that an unphysiological trienoic acid (20:3 delta 5, 8, 11), originating from oleic acid, was formed in greater amounts. Our findings point to the development of an essential fatty acid deficiency in the foam cells of aortic lesions in the BT group which may result in an unfavorable influence on the cholesterol clearance from the cells and the arterial wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between fatty acid pattern and platelet aggregation in long-term insulin-dependent type I diabetics.

We investigated triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, the fatty acid patterns of serum triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids in relation to the ADP induced platelet aggregation in 34 long-term insulin-dependent diabetic patients with an extremely long diabetes duration of about 40 years. The concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol of the patients did not differ from those of an age-matched non-diabetic control group. In the insulin-dependent diabetics the percentages of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid in both serum cholesterol esters and phospholipids were decreased in comparison with control subjects. No difference was observed with respect to the ADP induced platelet aggregation between long-term diabetics and controls. The findings demonstrate that type I diabetic patients with an extremely long duration of diabetes are not characterized by increased serum lipids or platelet aggregation, both being well known risk factors for macroangiopathy. However the decreased portions in eicosanoid synthesis precursors may indicate a disturbed fatty acid metabolism.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1987

[How reliable is ambulatory blood glucose self control in the hands of the patient? Experiences with the Glucosignal blood glucose strip].

In 36 unselected insulin-depending type I diabetics the reliability and practicability of the blood glucose self-control was investigated by means of the glucosignal test strip in the course of 12 weeks under everyday ambulatory conditions. In these cases the quality of the manual handling and of the visual evaluation of 896 test strips was judged in three series of application by special personnel in the laboratory by means of photometric evaluation. 7.5% of the test strips of all series were incorrectly handled and could not be evaluated photometrically. The correlation coefficients between the blood glucose concentrations which were visually valuated by the patient and measured photometrically in the laboratory were in the three investigation series 0.962, 0.964, and 0.950, i.e. the patients obtained a great reliability in the visual valuation of the test strips. Altogether 75-90% of all test strips were correctly judged by the patients. Deviations appeared in every case only by one concentration region, whereby there was an unequivocal tendency to underestimation, particularly in higher regions of blood glucose concentration. Prerequisite for a reliable handling of Glucosignal test strip by the patient is a thorough individual training.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1987

[Behavior of fatty acid patterns in serum lipids in type I diabetic patients in intensive conventional insulin therapy].

The relationship between an improvement of the carbohydrate metabolism due to a four-week intensified conventional insulin treatment and changes in fatty acid patterns of serum lipids was investigated in 12 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. At the commencement of the study the diabetic patients were characterized by higher relative linolic acid contents in the serum cholesterolesters and phospholipids in comparison with control subjects. The intensified insulin treatment was associated with a significant improvement of the glycaemic control, whereas the fatty acid patterns of the serum lipids remained unchanged. The results demonstrate that short-time improvement of the carbohydrate metabolism is not associated with qualitative changes of serum lipids in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Remains to be established the long-term effect of improved metabolic control on fatty acid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Importance of the antioxidative potential for free radical induced heart damage.

It is demonstrated on the heart tissue of rats that the extent of lipid peroxidation following induction of radical-forming mechanisms is correlated with the Vit. E concentration of the heart. When incubated with Fe2+/Vit.C, the heart tissue of normotensive (WKY) and hypertensive rats receiving Vit. E supplementation (SHR + Vit. E), consistently with their higher Vit. E concentration, reacted with a lower lipid peroxidation than the heart tissue of SHR. Considering the importance of lipid peroxidation as a damaging mechanism at ischemia, the lower Vit. E concentration in the hearts of SHR should be responsible for the lower tolerance to ischemia in comparison to WKY.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The influence of cod-liver oil diet on various lipid metabolism parameters, the thromboxane formation capacity, platelet function and the serum MDA level in patients suffering from myocardial infarction.

The influence of an eicosapentaenoic-acid-rich diet, containing 8.1 g cod-liver oil, given daily for two weeks on various parameters of lipid metabolism, the thromboxane formation capacity, platelet function and the serum MDA level was studied in 16 patients with myocardial infarction. The 18:2, 20:3 and 20:4 fatty acid portions of serum phospholipids were significantly decreased, whereas the 20:5 and 22:6 portions were significantly elevated. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and the thromboxane formation capacity were significantly increased. Serum triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, the prostacyclin blocking activity of LDL, and several parameters of platelet function were unchanged, the platelet count was significantly depressed. As compared to those of healthy persons, the serum MDA levels in myocardial infarction patients were significantly increased both before and after cod-liver oil ingestion. A possible correlation between the elevated serum levels of MDA and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol as well as thromboxane formation capacity and the cod-liver oil treatment in patients with myocardial infarction is discussed.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1987

[Fatty acid pattern in children with mucoviscidosis in relation to the degree of exocrine pancreas insufficiency].

Fatty acid composition were determined by gas chromatography in serum triglycerides and cholesterol esters of 32 patients (aged 7-17 years) with cystic fibrosis. According to their exocrine pancreas function (determined with secretin-cholecystokinin test), patients were divided in 3 groups. In comparison with previously measured values in 30 metabolically healthy children, patients with cystic fibrosis showed a significantly increased level of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, and linolenic acid in the triglyceride fraction and a significantly increased level of myristic, myristoleic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, and triene acid in the cholesterol ester fraction. However, in both fractions, concentration of linoleic acid was significantly decreased. It seems unlikely that malabsorption of ingested fat is responsible for the abnormalities in fatty acid pattern, because no significant differences could be found between the 3 patient's groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Influence of a cod liver oil diet in healthy and insulin-dependent diabetic volunteers on fatty acid pattern, inhibition of prostacyclin formation by low density lipoprotein (LDL) and platelet thromboxane.

Ten healthy and twenty diabetic volunteers (type 1) received 15 capsules (à 450 mg) cod liver oil for 2 weeks daily in addition to a "normal" diet. The levels of eicosapentaenoic acid in the plasma phospholipids of both groups were increased after the treatment. The inhibition of the prostacyclin formation by LDL was diminished when the LDL was isolated after the treatment in comparison to LDL taken in the same concentration and from the same donors before it. The thromboxane B2 (TXB2) synthesis capacity of clotting whole blood, thrombin-induced TXB2 formation by platelets as well as the 15(S)-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-epoxymethano-5Z, 13E-prostadienoic acid-induced platelet aggregation were not altered by the treatment in healthy volunteers, whereas in diabetics the TXB2 formation capacity of clotting whole blood was decreased after the treatment in comparison with before it.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The influence of sex-specific brain differentiation and of postpuberal sex hormone levels on the development of sex-specific differences of body weights as well as triglyceride, high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol and total cholesterol serum levels in rats.

The effects of perinatal sexual differentiation of the brain and of postpuberal sex hormone levels on the development of sex-specific differences in body weight as well as triglyceride (TG), high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-CHOL) and total cholesterol were investigated. Significant differences in body weight of male and female rats are attributed to the influence of different androgen levels during the perinatal period as well as to the influence of different postpuberal estrogen (E) and androgen (A) levels. Sex-specific differences in TG serum levels are essentially caused by varying influence of androgens during the perinatal period, possibly in part after conversion to estrogens. Different postpuberal sex hormone concentrations seem to have only little effect on the TG levels. Sex-specific differences in HDL-CHOL serum levels appear to be independent of androgens during the perinatal period as well as of physiological postpuberal estrogen levels. These differences are mainly the result of the current postpuberal androgen levels. Total CHOL did not show any sex-specific differences under the conditions of the experiment.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

[Results of linseed oil and olive oil therapy in hyperlipoproteinemia patients].

Only few informations exist on the effect of different oils and the transformation of these precursor fatty acids to prostaglandins in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia. Therefore we investigated the impact of linseed oil and olive oil intake resp. on serum lipoprotein levels, platelet aggregation and fatty acid pattern of serum phospholipids and triglycerides resp. in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia (HC) (n = 13) and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) (n = 16). The probands were randomly admitted to a 4 week test period with 30 ml olive or linseed oil intake. After linseed or olive oil intake all lipid fractions did not change significantly. Olive oil significantly reduced the platelet aggregation only in patients with HTG, whereas linseed oil failed to influence aggregation. After linseed oil intake there was a significant increase in linolenic and also in eicosapentaenoic acid content of phospholipids in patients with HTG. In contrast to HTG in HC linseed oil only increased significantly the linolenic acid fraction. Our data suggest, that the response of serum lipoproteins, fatty acids and platelet aggregation on modifications in dietary fats depends on the type of lipoprotein disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Treating wounds and preparation for operations in experimental surgery].

Experiences about the preparation and the accomplishment of experimental animal operations are reported by reason of many own animal operations. Reproducible and representative animal experimental results require the appropriate preparation of the operating area, the pre-operative, intraoperative, and postoperative care of animals, an undisturbed healing process, and a lot of serious specialities.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Influence of a cod liver oil diet in diabetics type I on fatty acid patterns and platelet aggregation.

The influence of an eicosapentaenoic acid rich diet containing only 6,8 g cod liver oil daily for 2 weeks in 20 type I diabetics on fatty acid pattern in serum, platelet aggregation and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum were studied. There were increases in eicosapentaenoic acid portions in triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids of serum. This was associated with an inhibition of the platelet hyperaggregation, whereas platelet hyporeactivity is shifted to normal. Hyperreactivity of platelets from diabetics may be caused by enhanced TXA2 formation in comparison to healthy humans (1). On the other hand, diets rich in eicosapentaenoic acid inhibit platelet aggregation in healthy Volunteers (2,3). Therefore we investigated the dietary effect of relatively low doses of cod liver oil in diabetics type I on the eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Fatty acid patterns of the serum phospholipids, cholesterolesters and triglycerides in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) during the acute phase and a follow-up of one year.

We examined the fatty acid patterns of serum phospholipids, cholesterolesters, triglycerides and serum testosterone, estradiol, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol levels in the acute phase and after one, 6 and 12 months in a group of 27 male patients with myocardial infarction. These results were compared with the corresponding values of 19 healthy controls. Significant differences were discussed as the consequence of disturbed metabolism in patients with ischaemic heart diseases.

Cholesterol Esters↗