Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Rubinstein.
Subconjunctival administration of cefsulodin sodium (100 mg), but not systemic administration (500 mg), provided therapeutic concentrations in the primary aqueous humor of 22 patients who underwent cataract surgery. Therapeutic concentrations of cefsulodin persisted in the aqueous humor for at least five hours after subconjunctival administration of the agent.
Chronic cervicitis is the most common disease occurring during the period of greatest sexual activity and reproductivity, and it is the most common gynecologic disease in young women. The disease is a common sequel to normal delivery and one of the main causes of infertility; it also may be precancerous. All the treated women in the present study exhibited preoperatively severe subjective symptoms for chronic cervicitis, and 32 out of 60 (53%) exhibited colposcopically atypical squamous epithelium. The women were examined 3, 6, and 12 months following laser surgery: 58 (97%) of them reported a decreasing intensity of their symptoms, and colposcopy revealed a normal postlaser transformation zone as well as a decreasing edema of cervical epithelium.
A patient with isolated pyogenous arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint (A-C joint) caused by Streptococcus viridans is described. The patient had no underlying disease. Minor trauma preceded shortly the development of the septic process. The patient was treated successfully with surgical drainage and antibiotics. To our knowledge this is the first case report of septic arthritis of the A-C joint caused by Streptococcus viridans. The A-C joint is rarely involved in septic processes. Even conditions such as intravenous drug abuse [3, 6] and renal dialysis [4, 7] which tend to infect unusual joints [5] have only rarely been described in association with A-C septic arthritis.
A retrospective analysis of 37 pediatric patients with pleural empyema revealed that Streptoccoccus pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated pathogen (41%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (14%). Twenty-three patients were treated with thoracic drainage and systemic antibiotics, and the other 14 patients with antibiotics only. The case fatality ratio (11%), the complication rate (38%), the length of hospital stay, and the number of febrile days did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups. The immediate insertion of drainage tubes is probably not indicated in all children with pleural empyema but should be reserved for specific indications.
The antibacterial activity of canine pancreatic fluid was investigated in an attempt to understand the resistance of this organ, when intact, to ascending bacterial infections. The pancreatic fluid demonstrated bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, Shigella species, Salmonella species, and Klebsiella pneumoniae; bacteriostatic activity against coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and fungistatic activity against Candida albicans. There was no demonstrable antibacterial activity against Bacteroides fragilis and Streptococcus faecalis. The antibacterial activity was dialyzable and pH dependent, but independent of heat, the activity of several digestive pancreatic enzymes, and the bacterial inoculum. Electron micrographs of Escherichia coli exposed to pancreatic fluid did not demonstrate changes in the bacterial cell wall. Tracer studies of susceptible bacteria demonstrated decreased leucine uptake when briefly exposed to pancreatic fluid. The antibacterial activity was found by column chromatography to be a small molecular peptide. It is likely that pancreatic antibacterial factors protect the pancreas from ascending bacterial infections and operate along with other factors in the homeostasis of the upper small bowel flora.
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Bacterial attachment to the intestine is the first step in the initiation of many intestinal infections. The effect of mucin and its major constituents on the adherence of a mannose-positive Escherichia coli strain to various intestinal segments of mouse intestine was examined. Removal of intestinal mucus led to increased adherence of E. coli to the ileal and colonic mucosal layers. Ileal mucin significantly decreased E. coli attachment to the ileum. Galactose and galactosamine were the major constituents of ileal mucin that reduced E. coli adherence to the ileum. We conclude that ileal mucin protects the epithelial cell from adherence by this mannose-positive E. coli strain. This protection is dependent on the presence of other sugar moieties that may be of importance in the adherence process.
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Adherence of Candida albicans to buccal epithelial cells of newborn infants was studied by the visual adherence method. Forty-five samples of buccal epithelial cells were obtained from 21 normal newborns at different times following delivery. In group 1 (mean age 7.5 hr) 367 +/- 51 yeast cells adhered to 100 epithelial cells. In group 2 (mean age 2.3 days) 384 +/- 36 yeast cells adhered to 100 cells. In group 3 (mean age 6.2 days) 488 +/- 57 yeast cells adhered to 100 cells. Differences among the groups were not significant (p greater than 0.1). A significant difference was found in the percentage of epithelial cells binding 10 yeast cells between group 1 (7.25 +/- 0.9) and group 3 (14.9 +/- 2.5), and group 2 (8.0 +/- 2.0) and group 3 (p less than or equal to 0.025). In 12 infants studied twice at mean age of 2.1 and 6.3 days (included in groups 2 and 3) a significant increase was found in the number of adherent yeasts binding to 100 epithelial cells (330 +/- 87 and 485 +/- 52 respectively) (p less than or equal to 0.03), and in the percentage of epithelial cells binding greater than or equal to 10 yeast cells (5.0 +/- 3.0 and 14.7 +/- 3.5 respectively, p less than or equal to 0.004) for each infant. The age-related increased affinity of buccal epithelial cells to Candida albicans may have relevance in the development of oral thrush.
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In order to evaluate the possible relation between hepatic function and hemodynamics and the increased humoral immune response of cirrhotic patients, titres of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) and concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, A and M were determined in 74 consecutive patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Patients showed significantly (p less than 0.05) increased prevalences of ANA and SMA and concentrations of Ig G, A and M when compared to controls. No significant correlations were found between titres of ANA or SMA and hepatic scan score, galactose elimination capacity, indocyanine green clearance, hepatic blood flow and wedged-to-free hepatic vein pressure. Hepatic scan score correlated directly (rho = 0.38, p less than 0.05) to IgA concentrations; wedged-to-free hepatic vein pressure correlated directly to IgG concentrations (rho = 0.35, p less than 0.05) and to IgM concentrations (rho = 0.42, p less than 0.01). No other significant correlations were found between Ig concentrations and variables of hepatic function or hemodynamics.
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