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E Rosato

Publications and source records attributed to E Rosato.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Mutational mechanisms, phylogeny, and evolution of a repetitive region within a clock gene of Drosophila melanogaster.

The D. melanogaster clock gene period (per) is an internally repetitive gene encoding a tandem array of Thr-Gly codons that are highly polymorphic in length in European natural populations. The two major length variants, (Thr-Gly)20 and (Thr-Gly)17, show a highly significant latitudinal cline. In this study we present the complete sequence of the Thr-Gly region of 91 individuals from 6 natural populations of D. melanogaster, 5 from Europe and 1 from North Africa. We further characterized these 91 individuals for polymorphic sites in two other regions, one upstream and one downstream of the Thr-Gly repeat. We used the haplotypic combinations of Thr-Gly allele with flanking markers in an attempt to identify the mechanisms involved in the evolution of the D. melanogaster Thr-Gly region and to infer the phylogenetic relationship existing among the Thr-Gly alleles. We observe evidence for both intra- and interallelic mutational mechanisms, including replication slippage, unequal crossing-over, and gene conversion.

Africa, Northern↗
PubMed1995

Factors associated with a positive reexcision after excisional biopsy for invasive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving therapy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy represents an alternative to mastectomy as a treatment for invasive breast cancer. When excisional biopsy has been performed outside the parent institution, reexcision is often performed, with tumor being identified in 32% to 62% of the subsequent specimens. We analyzed not only the factors associated with a positive reexcision but also those factors associated with final surgical margins that are positive for tumor. METHODS: Between 1978 and 1991, 956 female patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage I or II breast cancer were treated with breast-conserving therapy where a total of 420 patients underwent reexcision after an initial excisional biopsy. Several factors were analyzed to determine their association with a positive reexcision, the status of the final surgical margin, and the nature of the disease present within the reexcision specimen. RESULTS: Factors that correlated with a positive reexcision in both univariate and multivariate analysis were clinical tumor size, method of detection, the pathologic status of the axillary lymph nodes, and the histologic appearance. Those factors associated with finding invasive disease at the time of reexcision were clinical tumor size, clinical presentation, and nodal status. The single factor associated with finding residual in situ disease at the time of reexcision was histologic appearance of the primary tumor. A final positive margin was associated with method of tumor detection, age of the patient, and the presence of axillary lymph node metastases. CONCLUSIONS: The most significant factors associated with a positive reexcision are clinical tumor size, method of tumor detection, pathologic nodal status, and histologic appearance. Patients with larger tumors or those that are detected by physical examination, as well as invasive lobular carcinomas, may require a more generous initial resection to achieve negative surgical margins and avoid the likelihood of reexcision.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Molecular polymorphism in the period gene of Drosophila simulans.

The threonine-glycine (Thr-Gly) repeat region of the period (per) gene of eight natural populations of Drosophila simulans from Europe and North Africa was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing and heteroduplex formation. Five different length alleles encoding 21, 23, 25 and two different kinds of 24 Thr-Gly pairs in the uninterrupted repeat were found. In the 3' region flanking the repeat 6 nucleotide substitutions (3 synonymous, 3 replacement) were observed in three different combinations that we called haplotypes I, II and III. The complete linkage disequilibrium observed between the haplotypes and these length variants allowed us to infer from the repeat length, the DNA sequence at the 3' polymorphic sites. The haplotypes were homogeneously distributed across Europe and North Africa. The data show statistically significant departures from neutral expectations according to the Tajima test. The results suggest that balancing selection might have played a role in determining the observed levels and patterns of genetic diversity at the per gene in D. simulans.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Rectal carcinoma: staging at MR imaging with endorectal surface coil. Work in progress.

To increase the accuracy of local staging of rectal carcinomas at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the authors placed on endorectal coil mounted on a balloon in a position adjacent to the lesion. Use of such a local coil resulted in increased signal-to-noise ratio compared with use of a body coil; higher-resolution images were obtained because the field of view was decreased. The depth of wall invasion by rectal carcinoma was correctly staged with endorectal MR imaging in 11 of 12 patients. In the detection of perirectal adenopathy, use of MR enabled correct identification of positive perirectal nodes in four of seven patients (57%). There were no false-positive diagnoses of perirectal adenopathy at MR. Endorectal MR imaging is an evolving and promising technique for the local staging of rectal carcinomas, but further studies are needed to demonstrate its efficacy.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Altered ketone body metabolism during gram-negative sepsis in the rat.

To investigate why blood ketone bodies are depressed during sepsis, the production and utilization of ketone bodies was studied in fasted control, fasted, Escherichia coli-treated, fed control, and fed E coli-treated rats. Gram-negative sepsis was induced by intravenous (IV) injection of 8 x 10(7) live colonies of E coli per 100 g body weight. Food was removed from the fasted rats after E coli injection. Fed rats were infused intragastrically with a nutritionally adequate diet for 5 days before inducing sepsis. Twenty-four hours after E coli injection, blood ketone bodies were reduced in fasted septic rats and fed septic rats compared with their respective control rats. Ketogenesis and oxidation of labeled palmitate was not altered in hepatocytes from fasted E coli-treated rats. Yet, ketogenesis declined significantly in hepatocytes from fed E coli-treated rats. Oxidation of labeled palmitate was also significantly reduced in hepatocytes from fed E coli-treated rats. Utilization of ketone bodies as measured by the incorporation of [3-14C]beta-hydroxybutyrate into CO2, increased over threefold in the diaphragm, 12% in the heart, and 19% in the kidneys from the fasted E coli-treated rats. In the fed state, incorporation of [3-14C]beta-hydroxybutyrate into CO2 was elevated fivefold in the heart, fourfold in the diaphragm, and over threefold in the kidneys from the septic rats. These results suggest that in the fasted state, plasma ketone bodies remain low during gram-negative sepsis because peripheral tissues use more ketone bodies and because liver ketogenesis is not increased to compensate for the increased utilization. In the fed state, the reduction in blood ketone bodies appears to be attributed to both impaired ketogenic capacity and increased peripheral utilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Complications in reconstructive procedures on arteries in the lower extremities].

During a year (1987/88) a study was performed at he Clinic of Thoracal and Vascular Surgery, supervised by Prof. dr J. Vollmar. Analysis of all cases with complications after reconstruction of the lower limbs arteries necessitating reoperation was performed. There were 56 patients in all. They were retrospectively analysed for establishing risk factors, clinical stage (by Fonstine), and time lapse from the surgery to the occurrence of complications. There were 12(21,4%), 23 (41,1%) and 21 (37,5%) of immediate, early and late complications, respectively. The following causes of complications following reconstruction of the lower limbs arteries were recorded: graft trombosis (41,1%), pseudoaneurism of anastomosis (17,8%), progressive arteriosclerosis (12,7%), proximally or distally to the operated segment. The following reoperations were applied: graft prolongation due to distal occlusion (35,7%), desobstruction of the graft and patch plasty (21,2%), partial or total replacement of the graft (17,9%), correction of the supplying vascular tree (7,1%). More than one reoperation were performed in 22 cases (39,2%) and amputation of the limb was necessitated in 4 (7,1%) cases.

Female↗
PubMed1977

A new approach in specific, active immunotherapy.

A vaccinia virus-lysed autochthonous tumor cell vaccine (vaccinia oncolysate) is introduced as a new specific, active immunotherapeutic agent against human cancer. Mouse experiments showed the vaccine to be a safe and potent immune mechanism stimulator. Human experimentation was undertaken in the knowledge of relative safety of the components of the vaccine, i.e. vaccinia vaccine and lysed, autochthonous tumor cells. Vaccine-treated patients had advanced metastatic cancer but reacted to one or more common recall antigen skin tests. None of the 13 patients had untoward responses; 7/13 patients had classic delayed hypersensitivity reactions at the vaccine injection sites; and 2/7 patients with injection site reactions had significant reduction in tumor burden. These results indicate that this vaccine is a specific, active immune mechanism stimulator, and may prove to be a useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of human cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Bilateral adrenalectomy in treatment of disseminated breast cancer.

Forty-three patients underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for advanced breast cancer at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from 1960 to 1974. Fourteen patients (32 per cent) experienced an objective remission. There was no difference in the initial free interval between the responders and nonresponders. Premenopausal patients who improved after surgical castration or androgen therapy and postmenopausal patients who responded to estrogen therapy and its subsequent withdrawal had a greater response to adrenalectomy. Twenty-three of the forty-three patients who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy had evidence of metastatic involvement in at least one of the excised adrenal glands. Results show that patients who responded to previous therapy had a longer survival after adrenalectomy.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1975

Improvement in lower esophageal sphincter pressure following surgery for complicated gastroesophageal reflux.

A comparison was made of the pre- and postoperative lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressures in nine patients undergoing a posterior gastropexy for complicated gastroesophageal reflux. LES pressure was increased from 4.4 plus or minus 0.4 mm Hg to 13.9 plus or minus 0.5 mm Hg following surgery (p less than .01). The ratio of the change in LES pressure compared to the change in gastric pressure during increases in intra-abdominal pressure delta S/delta G, was 0.59 plus or minus 0.05 preoperatively and 0.94 plus or minus .01 postoperatively (p less than .01). All patients were asymptomatic after surgery. Both the resting LES pressure and the S/G ratio following surgery were significantly less than the comparable values obtained in an age-matched control population (p less than .01). These studies suggest that the clinical improvement following surgery for gastroesophageal reflux may be due to the increase in resting LES pressure and the improved response of the LES to increased intra-abdominal pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effects of alcohol on biliary lipids in the presence of a chronic biliary fistula.

To investigate the effects of alcohol on bile volume and bile composition, dogs with a Thomas cannula and cannulated common ducts were given loading and maintenance doses of alcohol. Bile was analyzed for total bile salts, phospholipids and cholesterol. In dogs with partial interruption of the enterohepatic circulation, alcohol caused significant diminution of volume and outputs of bile salts and cholesterol. However, when a high bile flow was maintained by intravenous infusion of taurocholate sodium, the effects of alcohol on volume and total bile salts were no longer demonstrated. Fall in cholesterol output, nevertheless, persisted. These results show that alcohol causes significant changes in bile flow and biliary lipid composition and support the existence of a bile salt independent fraction of cholesterol secretion in the dog.

Animals↗