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Biomedical subjects

E Roland

Publications and source records attributed to E Roland.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Isosorbide dinitrate: relationship between pharmacokinetics and brachial artery hemodynamics in essential hypertension.

Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and brachial arterial hemodynamics have been studied in 15 patients with sustained essential hypertension. The hemodynamic study was performed by using a pulsed Doppler device enabling evaluation of the diameter of the brachial artery with an error of less than 10%. After intravenous administration until plateau concentrations were reached, the ISDN infusion was stopped in order to study the disappearance curve of the drug and the pharmacokinetic parameters. ISDN caused a significant decrease in systolic pressure, a significant increase in arterial diameter, and no change in heart rate. Brachial hemodynamics were not correlated with the plasma concentration in the steady state or the area under the disappearance curve. In contrast, the changes in arterial diameter during perfusion were significantly correlated with the apparent distribution volume, a finding that might indirectly reflect the affinity of ISDN for vascular tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Radiologic diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia.

Fifteen infants with clinical evidence of periventricular leukomalacia, i.e. spastic diplegia or quadriplegia and premature birth were studied. CT scans of the brain demonstrated: 1) reduction in quantity of periventricular white matter, 2) deep and prominent sulci which abutted the ventricles without interposed white matter and 3) ventriculomegaly with irregular outline of the lateral ventricles. The location and severity of abnormalities on CT scans correlated well with neurologic handicap and the known anatomic location of periventricular leukomalacia, thus demonstrating the diagnostic value of CT scanning for periventricular leukomalacia during later infancy.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

[Contribution of hemoconcentration in the recovery of residual blood from extracorporeal circulation circuits].

The effects of recuperation from the remaining pump circuit blood with restitution to the patient after hemoconcentration are studied in 80 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary by-pass. This population is randomized into two groups: group 1 of 41 patients represents the control group and is compared with the group 2 of 39 patients who undergo the post-by-pass hemoconcentration. The volume of restored blood is 669 +/- 14 ml with an hematocrit of 38 +/- 6,6% and the total protein concentration is 81,2 +/- 2 g.l-1. The heparin level is high (4,24 units.ml-i) and the perfusion of the hemoconcentrated blood must be preceded by a slow injection of 0,8 mg.kg-1 of protamine sulfate. The advantages of this method represent a saving of two homologous blood units (p less than or equal to 10(-4] and the post operative urine output is increased by 32% (p less than or equal to 0,05). No complication, particularly infectious, was observed in this study.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Acebutolol: ten years of experience.

During 10 years of clinical use involving almost 3 million patient-years, acebutolol has become established as a remarkably safe and well-tolerated beta-blocking agent, effective in treating essential hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. The existence of a long-lived active metabolite (diacetolol) confers a 24-hour duration of action, which permits effective use of a once-daily regimen, particularly for hypertension. Acebutolol has low lipid solubility and low protein binding; the former property reduces the risk of central side effects, and the latter means that displacement interactions with other drugs are unlikely. Because acebutolol and its metabolite normally have both renal and hepatic excretion pathways, an alternative pathway is available should either be compromised through disease. Acebutolol is cardioselective, and clinical use has borne out the low incidence of bronchospasm in patients with impaired lung function. The possession of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) leads to only modest reductions in cardiac output, which in turn reduces the chance of excessive bradycardia and the likelihood of precipitating heart failure. A combination of selectivity and ISA may be responsible for the low incidence of tiredness and cold extremities observed with acebutolol compared with other beta blockers. The unique pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic profile of acebutolol confers several therapeutic advantages and may be responsible for the generally low level of side effects experienced in clinical use.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1979

The place of angiography in the evaluation of traumatic injuries to the heart and coronary arteries.

The mechanisms leading to traumatic injuries of the heart and coronary arteries and the typical lesions found are analyzed in light of experience with a total of 21 cases from several centers. The indications for angiography are discussed. Early angiography may be used for the emergency verification of a valvular, coronary, or myocardial rupture after intensive treatment has stabilized the patient's condition; in such situations the relative indications for angiography versus immediate surgery must be determined. Delayed angiography may be used in the more usual situations in which clear, persistent anomalies of a clinical, electric, or radiologic nature are observed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1978

[Localization of N-acetyltransferases in sinusoidal liver cells. Effect of zymosan on the acetylation of sulfamethazine and isoniazid in the rat and in isolated perfused liver].

N-acetyltransferase (NAT) have been demonstrated to be localized in sinusoïdal cells and not in hepatocytes. Acetylation activities increased after pretreatment with Zymosan (40 mg/kg, i.v., 24 h before phenotyping) as well in vivo and in isolated perfused liver and in cytosolic fractions prepared from several rats organs. These data favor the localization of NAT-activity in reticulo-endothelial system. Increased protein levels in liver, gut, spleen and lungs cytosolic fractions (100 000 g, 120 mn) 48 h after Zymosan administration, suggest and inducing effect of this drug on NAT activity.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1976

Focal increase of cerebral blood flow during stereognostic testing in man.

An attempt was made to study the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) pattern during stereognostic discrimination in man. The rCBF was measured in 18 subjects who had no major neurological defects. The clearance from the hemisphere of xenon 133 injected (133Xe) into the carotid artery was measured with a 254-channel dynamic gamma camera. During stereognostic discrimination with hand, mouth, or foot, the rCBF increased focally in the corresponding contralateral sensory-motor region and increased focally in the premotor part of the frontal lobe. The increase in the sensory region was attributed to the work of neurons extracting spatial features from the received input, while the increase in the motor region was ascribed to the formulation of motor strategies and motor commands. The physiological significance of the increase in the frontal region was unclear, tentatively, it was suggested to reflect the intention, selective attention, and decision of the subject.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tooth by tooth epidemiological study of caries in 3,400 children].

The DMF index distribution and the D, M, and F distributions on the whole teeth were described from a representative sample including 3,400 children at ages 6, 9 and 12. Results showed a great symetry for dental caries on each side of the median sagittal plane. The main spots of dental attack were found and the importance of each tooth in the determination of various indexes was analyzed. At each age, the first permanent molars are the most atracked. Many children have three or four decayed molars. Concerning the eruption of permanent teeth and the loss of primary teeth, we found the same symetry of these events between upper and lower maxillar as well as from on side of the median sagittal plane to the other.

Child↗