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Biomedical subjects

E Roland

Publications and source records attributed to E Roland.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Serum erythropoietin and erythropoiesis in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism: effect of parathyroidectomy.

Primary as well as secondary hyperparathyroidism may be associated with anemia, and parathyroidectomy (PTx) may improve or even heal it. The precise link between the two conditions is still matter of discussion. The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible effects of PTx on serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (iEPO) in secondary (group I, n = 23), and primary (group II, n = 16) hyperparathyroidism patients, and in 3 patients undergoing cervicotomy for thyroid mass removal (group III). In group I patients, circulating iEPO levels rose from 23.1 +/- 4.8 mU/ml before PTx to 28.2 +/- 5.0 and 245 +/- 125 mU/ml (mean +/- SEM) at day 7 (p = NS) and 14 after PTx (p less than 0.003), respectively. Reticulocyte count increased 2 weeks after PTx: from 61,000 +/- 13,317 to 86,533 +/- 13,462/mm3 (p less than 0.05, n = 23). In 4 of these patients serum iEPO levels could be measured again 12-24 months after PTx. They were slightly higher than those determined before PTx: 37.0 +/- 8.4 versus 31.8 +/- 13.5 mU/ml. Their hematocrits were also higher than before PTx: 12.8 +/- 0.9 versus 11.0 +/- 0.9 g/dl. In group II patients, serum iEPO levels remained unchanged after PTx: 17.5 +/- 2.0 mU/ml before PTx and 20.0 +/- 3.0 mU/ml 14 days PTx. The reticulocyte count, however, increased significantly 2 weeks after PTx: from 25,103 +/- 3,000 to 40,827 +/- 4,080/mm3 (p less than 0.01). In group III patients, serum iEPO, reticulocyte count, and hemoglobin remained stable after surgery. Since all group I patients had received vitamin D supplementation after PTx, we studied an additional group of 14 chronic dialysis patients (group IV) who received either calcitriol (1 micrograms/day, n = 7) or placebo (n = 7) during 14 days. The patients on calcitriol treatment, but not those on placebo, had a significant decrease of serum iEPO: 18.6 +/- 4.9 versus 16.0 +/- 4.2 mU/ml (p less than 0.03). In conclusion, PTx led to a striking increase of serum iEPO and blood reticulocytes in uremic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, and an increase of reticulocyte count, but not of iEPO, in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Marked changes of circulating PTH, extra-or intracellular calcium and phosphorus concentrations as well as of tissue sensitivity to EPO after PTx could all be responsible. In contrast, the surgical procedure and the therapeutic increase in plasma calcitriol do not appear to be involved.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1991

[How to develop an anti-arrhythmia agent in 1990. The industrialist's viewpoint].

For the industrialist, the development of an antiarrhythmic drug is a long, high risk program which requires an important investment. The clinical program comprises two essential stages: an early stage, the object of which is to define the pharmacological profile of the product and to decide whether complete development is worthwhile; a stage of preparation of a dossier of registration based on the claimed indications and which must conform to international norms. There is a contrast between the importance of statutory demands which increase the cost of development and the size of the market. This might penalise the development of original and effective antiarrhythmic agents whereas the need for this type of product remains high.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗
PubMed1991

An analysis of the community periodontal index of treatment needs. Studies on adults in France. V. Presentation of CPITN data in cross-tabulations.

A total of 1005 subjects were examined using the CPITN and DFT indices. CPITN data were modified in their presentation in order to be suitable for cross-tabulation. Two different methods were considered. One, described previously by Roland et al. (1984), classified subjects according to the combination of their highest CPITN score and the mean of the highest scores of every nonedentulous sextant. The other consisted of multiplying the above mentioned mean by the individual's highest CPITN score. A critical analysis of the methodology showed that the two number system developed by Roland et al. (1984) was impractical. The new method provides a linear array of values from 0 to 16. Very little overlapping of values was observed, which means that a relatively precise periodontal condition is characterised by each value. With this transformation the CPITN can be used as an index that quantifies periodontal conditions instead of treatment needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs--study on adults in France. IV. The significance of gingival recession.

A total of 1005 persons were examined using the CPITN criteria which were recorded for every tooth. All the teeth were also measured on both their buccal and lingual aspects to assess the amount of gingival recession. The combination of pocket depth and gingival recession was computed using a specially written program: 93.8 per cent of the teeth had 1 mm or less gingival recession; 82.5 per cent of the teeth with gingival recession did not present pockets; 26.6 per cent of all subjects had at least one tooth with gingival recession of 2 mm or more but only 9.9 per cent had at least one tooth with 2 mm or more gingival recession and a periodontal pocket.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Motor learning in man: a positron emission tomographic study.

We measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with positron emission tomography to study changes in anatomical structures during the course of learning a complicated finger sequence of voluntary movements. Motor learning was accompanied by rCBF increases in the cerebellum, decreases in all limbic and paralimbic structures, and striatal decreases which changed to striatal increases as the motor skill was learned. Simultaneously, activations of initially contributing non-motor parts of the cerebral cortex vanished. Both cerebellar circuits and striatal circuits appear important for the storage of motor skills in the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An analysis of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. Studies on adults in France. III--Partial examinations versus full-mouth examinations.

1005 persons were examined using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. Presence or absence of every clinical sign was registered for each tooth. A specially written program computed CPITN values corresponding to full mouth or partial examinations. Results compare the prevalence and treatment needs obtained through either full mouth or partial examinations. Cross tabulation analysis of the number of cases detected by full mouth and partial examinations shows differences in detection rates of 23.5 per cent for deep pockets, 17.6 per cent for moderate pockets, 13.4 per cent for calculus, 3.2 per cent for bleeding and 53.0 per cent for health. When determining treatment needs using the partial examination procedure approximations of the number of subjects needing hygiene education and scaling are acceptable but the evaluation of the number of individuals needing complex therapy is greatly underestimated. The CPITN is most accurate using full mouth examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of nicorandil on arterial and venous vessels of the forearm in systemic hypertension.

The effects of a single oral dose of 20 mg of nicorandil were evaluated in 12 untreated patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Serial measurements of arterial pressures were obtained by means of an automatic device (Dynamap) up to 120 minutes after drug administration. Forearm hemodynamics were determined with a pulsed Doppler velocimeter, or strain gauge mecanography and plethysmography enabling measurement of the diameter, velocity and flow of the brachial artery as well as the arterial pulse wave velocity and forearm venous tone. In addition, local vascular resistance, compliance and impedance were deduced. Nicorandil administration produced a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, from 18 minutes after dosing which lasted up to the end of the study (i.e., 120 minutes after drug administration) (p less than 0.01). This decrease in blood pressure was not associated with reflex tachycardia. The brachial artery diameter increased significantly (p less than 0.01) with no change in brachial artery blood flow. A decrease in brachial-radial pulse wave velocity and arterial impedance (p less than 0.01) and an increase in arterial compliance were observed. Thus, this study demonstrated an antihypertensive activity of a single oral administration of nicorandil without baroreflex activation. This decrease in blood pressure was associated with a dilation of peripheral large arteries leading to an increase in arterial compliance. Thus, clinical testing to evaluate the antianginal activity of nicorandil, especially in hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease, should be encouraged.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

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Child↗