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Biomedical subjects

E Richter

Publications and source records attributed to E Richter.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Mechanical separation of erythrocyte concentrates and fresh plasma in autologous blood transfusion using Haemonetics MCS-3P].

The application of an autologous blood programme in hospitals is often limited by missing preconditions such as equipment, room, or staff. A component therapy in autologous blood donation is now easily possible by an automated whole blood donation with cell separator MCS-3P which allows in one step the collection of one unit red cell concentrate and one unit of plasma in 7 min. The quality of the collected blood preparations meets the requirements.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1994

[Rejuvenation of autologous blood preserved by washing in glucose- adenine- phosphate- and citrate-containing solution].

Outdated red cell concentrates (RCC-SAGM) were washed with a chloride-free, glucose-adenine-phosphate-citrate preservation solution. After resuspension of the red cells in this solution a hypothermic storage for additional 63 days was performed. Quality parameters (2,3-DPG, glucose, lactose, free hemoglobin, pH, chloride, pO50, shape quality index, filtration index) of the preserved red blood cells became normal within 7-11 days after the rejuvenation procedure. The data prove that a rejuvenation of outdated blood by a simple washing procedure allows a post-storage time of 21 days.

Adenine↗
PubMed1994

[Mechanical donation of whole blood simultaneous extraction of concentrated erythrocytes and fresh plasma using MCS-3P].

The new 'Multi-Component System-3 pump' (MCS-3P) is an apheresis system giving the flexibility to collect red blood cells, plasma, and platelets in one step. The objective was to perform an automated donation of red cells and plasma (erythroplasmapheresis), collecting in less than 20 min 350 ml red cells including 80 ml of SAG-M and 400 ml plasma. For this study we have evaluated 32 donations. The results obtained for red blood cells (42 days) and plasma (after freezing) are as good as with standard collection (parameter such as Hb, Hk, MCV, MCHC, 2,3-DPG, ATP, free Hb and potassium, glucose, lactose, protein).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Stem cell pheresis and deep temperature preservation--a problem of transfusion medicine?].

In Germany, Transfusion Medicine belongs to various medical disciplines. We would like to demonstrate our model of interdisciplinary collaboration in stem cell transplantation. Since 1989 we performed 339 leukaphereses in 53 patients. On average we got 1.4 x 10(8) MNC/kg body weight from one single apheresis procedure. To observe graft quality we measured the content of CD34-positive cells and the amount of CFU-GM. Despite diagnosis and therapeutical regimen the content of CD34+ cells was found to be 3.3% (0-20). The proliferation was 21.7 GM-CFU per 1 x 10(5) MNC seeded (0-393). The results of the first 17 transplantations showed a fast haematological recovery (WBS 1.0 Gpt/l after 9 days Plt 20 Gpt/l after 11 days). Close collaboration of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology leads to optimization of stem cell transplantation.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1993

Photochemically induced focal cerebral ischemia in rat: time dependent and global increase in expression of basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA.

Induction of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA expression was studied in a Rose bengal induced focal cerebral ischemia during a time course of 2, 4, 24, 72 h and 7 days. Focal cerebral ischemia induced by Rose bengal resulted in a global upregulation in bFGF gene expression at the 24 h time-interval. This upregulation in bFGF gene expression was due to an upregulation in glial bFGF expression in most of the areas studied as seen by means of non-radioactive in situ hybridization in combination with immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein. However, in the piriform cortex a putative neuronal upregulation of bFGF could be detected by combination of non-radioactive in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and nuclear staining with Neutral red. Semiquantitative data concerning bFGF mRNA expression were obtained by use of computer-assisted microdensitometry and revealed substantial increases in bFGF mRNA expression in the cingulate cortex, the neostriatum, a 1 mm marginal zone close to the external capsule and the olfactory tubercle at bregma levels 1 to 2 mm rostral to the lesion. No changes in bFGF gene expression were seen in field CA1 of Ammon's horn on the lesioned side and in dentate gyrus at bregma levels between -2.12 to -3.30 mm. We observed significant changes in bFGF upregulation in the caudate putamen, the piriform cortex and the amygdaloid region and the frontoparietal cortex at bregma levels -2.12 to -3.30 mm. These data indicate that photochemically induced focal cerebral ischemia leads to an early and global response in bFGF gene expression, which is due to an upregulation mainly in astrocytes. The observed widespread upregulation of the bFGF gene transcription rostral and caudal to the lesion is suggested to be due in part to neuronal glutaminergic connections between the areas investigated and in part due to increases in extracellular fluid signals (volume transmission).

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Enzootic Mycobacterium avium infection in captive Parma wallabies (Macropus parma) with unusual spinal cord manifestations.

Pathological, microbiological and clinical findings in Parma wallabies (Macropus parma) with an enzootic infection caused by Mycobacterium avium are described. Disorders of locomotion resulted from granulomatous myelitis, meningitis and radiculitis in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Lesions found in a number of internal organs suggested protracted systemic infection due to an alimentary or airborne infection with Mycobacterium avium. This organism was isolated and identified by methods that included microbiological examinations, based on microscopy, culture, in-vitro tests, animal inoculation, polymerase chain reaction and cycle sequencing.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Mass spectrometric analysis of tobacco-specific hemoglobin adducts.

Hemoglobin adducts of the common metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) and of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) were quantified in blood samples from smokers and nonsmokers to test their suitability for biomonitoring tobacco smoke exposure. Additionally, TSNA adducts were measured in nasal snuff users. Mild alkaline treatment of hemoglobin releases 4-ABP and HPB, which were analyzed in parallel by capillary gas chromatography with electronic impact or negative ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (EI- or NICI-GC-MS). Samples of snuff users showed high levels of HPB adducts not correlated with the amount or type of snuff used. HPB concentrations in smokers and nonsmokers, however, were much lower, with no group-specific differences detectable. In contrast, 4-ABP adduct levels were much higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, confirming the significant difference between these two groups reported by others.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1993

[Incidence and differential diagnosis of cholestasis in AIDS--a retrospective analysis of 73 patients].

A significant cholestasis constellation (alk. phosphatase and GGT each increased to twice as much as the norm) in 73 consecutive patients with AIDS was found in the course of the disease in 29 patients (= 39.7%). In most of the patients advanced immunodeficiency with an average of 2.5 AIDS-defining diseases already existed. In the predominant number of cases it was intrahepatic cholestasis with only slight icterus. Therapeutic measures such as medicamentous treatment or high-caloric parenteral nutrition were causal in two thirds of the cases; in a quarter of the cases opportunistic infections, above all disseminating mycobacteriosis were found. One third of the patients had already existing liver diseases. Liver biopsy frequently proved diagnostic and should be performed more often in the case of unclear liver findings in AIDS patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Lidocaine elimination and MEGX formation after oral lidocaine administration--a practicable test for assessment of quantitative liver function].

Oral load with 200 mg Lidocain was performed in 370 patients with chronic liver disease. The 120- and 240-minute Lidocain plasma concentrations as well as the 30- and 60-minute MEGX plasma concentrations, main metabolite of Lidocain, were measured by means of gas chromatography and with the commercial TDX test from the firm Abbott. No side effects caused by the load were observed and all of the patients resorbed Lidocain. Peak concentrations were found both for Lidocain and for MEGX in the 60-minute tests. Patients with liver cirrhosis of different aetiology showed significantly higher Lidocain plasma concentrations and lower MEGX values than patients with chronic non-cirrhotic liver disease. The differentiation of these two groups of patients was most successful via the determination of the 240-minute Lidocain plasma concentration. Oral load with 200 mg Lidocain has turned out to be a practicable and meaningful test for the estimation of the Cytochrom P450-dependent liver function.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Caffeine elimination in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver disease of different etiology.

Caffeine elimination was studied in 419 patients with cirrhotic and noncirrhotic liver disease of different etiology (hepatitis B virus infection n = 79; hepatitis NANB virus infection n = 74; ethanol-induced liver damage n = 143; primary biliary cirrhosis I-IV n = 63; cryptogenic liver cirrhosis n = 60) following oral administration of 366 mg caffeine. Caffeine clearance in the control group was 69 +/- 33 ml/min (age-matched healthy volunteers and patients without liver disease). Caffeine clearance in acute hepatitis B (70 +/- 60 ml/min) chronic persistent hepatitis B (81 +/- 56 ml/min), chronic aggressive hepatitis B (107 +/- 66 ml/min), posthepatitic liver cirrhosis B (84 +/- 62 ml/min), acute hepatitis NANB (94 +/- 69 ml/min), chronic persistent hepatitis NANB (122 +/- 60 ml/min), chronic aggressive hepatitis NANB (87 +/- 52 ml/min) and posthepatitic cirrhosis NANB (59 +/- 26 ml/min) is not reduced in comparison with controls. In patients with alcoholic fatty liver (127 +/- 71 ml/min, p < 0.05) caffeine clearance is enhanced, in alcoholic hepatitis (57 +/- 72 ml/min) comparable to controls and in alcoholic cirrhosis reduced (36 +/- 44 ml/min, p < 0.05). In primary biliary cirrhosis I-IV caffeine clearance is higher than in controls (117 +/- 59 ml/min, p < 0.05). In cirrhotic liver disease of different origin caffeine clearance is inversely related to the serum bilirubin level. However, the absolute value is determined in addition by the underlying disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Taenia crassiceps infection in AIDS].

A 33-year-old patient with AIDS, and a history of episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cerebral toxoplasmosis, developed a subcutaneous paravertebral infiltrate, which at first resembled a haematoma. Over a period of several weeks, the lesion spread to cover almost the entire back. Initially, numerous investigations failed to reveal the aetiology. His general condition worsened progressively, and intermittent bleeding into the soft tissue of the back occurred, requiring transfusion. This was associated with the development of an isolated deficiency of clotting factor V and a fall in Quick values to 10%. On the 22nd day after admission, the infiltrate ruptured spontaneously, releasing blood and a large number of whitish spherical masses 2-3 mm in diameter. These were identified as Cysticerci longicolles, the larval form of Taenia crassiceps, a tapeworm occurring in Canidae. The blood clotting values returned to normal within two days of incision of the infiltrate and commencement of therapy with mebendazole (6 g/day) and praziquantel (3.6 g/day). The infiltrate subsequently regressed almost completely. After combination treatment for 2 weeks, treatment was continued with praziquantel alone, which, however, the patient stopped himself after 10 weeks. A recurrence at the same site 4 months later was successfully treated with a further course of mebendazole and praziquantel.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Effects of acetaminophen and antipyrine on non-inflammatory pain and EEG activity.

Antinociceptive effects of the 2 (each 1000 mg, orally) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) acetaminophen (paracetamol) and antipyrine (phenazone) were investigated with a non-inflammatory experimental pain model in 32 healthy volunteers. Phasic pain was induced by intracutaneously applied brief electrical pulses (20 msec). Pain ratings, cerebral potentials and the EEG delta power were measured in response to the stimuli. Unspecific effects upon the vigilance system were evaluated by spontaneous EEG, auditory evoked potentials and reaction times. The investigation was performed as a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. Blood samples were taken to monitor the plasma concentrations of the active agents. Ninety minutes after medication the 2 NSAIDs produced similar effects upon all pain-relevant target variables, although the mean plasma concentration of antipyrine (15 micrograms/ml) was approximately twice that of acetaminophen (7.5 microgram/ml). Both NSAIDs reduced pain ratings by 6%, late cerebral potentials by 19%, and stimulus-induced delta power of the EEG by 21%. The antipyrine effects emerged earlier, in agreement with its faster kinetics. Both NSAIDs could be differentiated by their effects upon spontaneous EEG activity. Whereas acetaminophen mainly enhanced the power in the theta range, antipyrine predominantly depressed the alpha frequencies. None of the drugs influenced auditory evoked potentials and reaction times. The central effects of acetaminophen and antipyrine are discussed with respect to antinociception and decrease in vigilance.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1992

Biliary excretion of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in the rat.

The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent pancreas carcinogen in rats. The biliary excretion of NNK was therefore studied in anesthetized female Sprague-Dawley rats following i.p. administration of 0.7 mumol/kg [carbonyl-14C]NNK. The concentration of radioactivity peaked within 30 min and decreased thereafter exponentially. Cumulative excretion of radioactivity reached a plateau at 6-9% of the total dose. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid (hydroxy acid), 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)-butyric acid (keto acid), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (NNAL Glu), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and NNK. NNAL Glu was the major metabolite contributing 34 +/- 4% of total radioactivity in bile at 30 min and 58 +/- 4% at 5 h. The percentage of acidic metabolites remained constant at approximately 20%. In contrast, the percentage of NNK and NNAL decreased within the first 2 h to < 5% and < 10% respectively. The elimination kinetics of NNK and its metabolites fitted into a one-compartment model with a half-life of 37 min for NNK, 52 min for NNAL and 110 min for NNAL Glu and acidic metabolites. In three rats dosed with 240 mumol/kg NNK i.p., the concentration of radioactivity peaked after 1-2 h and decreased very slowly thereafter. After 5-8 h a total of 12-17% of the dose has been excreted in the bile with no indication of a plateau. At all time points NNAL Glu was the major metabolite contributing up to 95% of total radioactivity in bile. The percentage of acidic metabolites was < 5% throughout the experiment. Whereas NNK contributed one-third of the radioactivity at 30 min and decreased rapidly, the percentage of NNAL in bile remained rather constant at approximately 5-10%. In conclusion, the detection of NNK, NNAL and NNAL Glu gives support to the hypothesis that tobacco-specific carcinogens could reach the pancreas retrograde from the bile, especially at high NNK concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Platelet apheresis with Vivacell BT798 DEA, haemonetics V-50 and PCS-Plus: preparation efficiency and product quality using identical donors.

Different platelet apheresis techniques were used for preparing platelet concentrates: the continuous flow method with Vivacell BT 798 DEA, the discontinuous flow method with V-50 of Haemonetics, and their plasmapheresis device PCS-Plus. 20 of our donors underwent all three procedures. All platelet separations led to suitable platelet concentrates of 3 x 10(11) platelets within less than 90 min. However, the contaminating leukocytes reached 2 x 10(8). Due to less intense citrate reactions and a shorter donation time the donor acceptance of the continuous flow method was higher as compared with the discontinuous flow method.

Adult↗