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Biomedical subjects

E Richter

Publications and source records attributed to E Richter.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Prognosis and therapy in case of hypopharynx carcinoma (author's transl)].

A report is given on 84 patients with hypopharynx carcinomas who were treated between 1960 and 1979 at the Radiotherapy Department of Würzburg. There is a high rate of recurrences after all therapy methods. 65 patients were only irradiated, ten patients were irradiated after and nine before surgical procedure. The five-year survival time of the patients irradiated only is 43% for the stages T1 and T2 and 4% for the stages T3 and T4, the statistical difference being significant. The problem of tumor localization and stage classification is treated and the therapy results are critically examined.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of ion exchange resins and various enzymes in thiamine analysis.

Four ion exchange resins and 9 enzyme preparations are evaluated for use in the official AOAC thiamine method because Decalso and Clarase or Mylase P either are no longer available or are available in a form that is not suitable for use in the assay. The enzymes are prepared in the same manner described for Clarase or Mylase P in the AOAC method and are compared with Clarase T300 for their effectiveness in releasing thiamine from thiamine phosphate, and their ability to produce similar results on samples. Rhozyme S is 90-100% as effective as Clarase T300 in both of these respects. The other enzymes tested were not satisfactory. Further study is necessary because Rhozyme S also is no longer manufactured. The ion exchange resins are prepared for use in the manner described for Decalso in the AOAC method. Recoveries of thiamine range from 95 to 100%, using Bio-Rex 70 (hydrogen form) ion exchange resin. The other resins tested were not satisfactory.

Enzymes↗
PubMed1981

[Scarpa's ganglion with increasing age, in Menière's disease and otosclerosis (author's transl)].

A quantitative study of primary vestibular neurons was performed in temporal bones of individuals at different ages. The mean numbers of counts decreased beginning in the age group between 50 and 60 years. Neuronal populations from cases with Menière disease and otosclerosis were compared to the respective "normal" values. Endolymphatic hydrops could be excluded as the cause of degeneration of Scarpa's ganglion in Menière' disease. In cases of otosclerosis reduced neuronal counts were found if lesions were large enough to include the cribrose areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Disposition of hexobarbital in intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis in man and the influence of drug metabolism-inducing agents.

The pharmacokinetics of intravenously infused hexobarbital was studied in 10 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and in 9 with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The results were compared with those obtained in 16 healthy young volunteers and 5 older patients with normal liver function. After infusion, the plasma concentrations showed a rapid initial decline (alpha-phase) and subsequently a slower decrease (beta-phase). The half-life of a latter phase was 323 +/- 84 min in the healthy group, 357 +/- 151 min in the patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and 344 +/- 115 min in the group with biliary obstruction; the clearances were 3.41 +/- 0.90, 4.08 +/- 1.95 and 3.81 +/- 1.97 ml x min-1 x kg-1, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. The mean volume of the central compartment of distribution and the steady state volume of distribution were not significantly different. In two patients hexobarbital clearance during cholestasis was greater than after it had subsided. After treatment of 11 patients with cholestasis with drug metabolism-inducing agents (phenobarbital, rifampicin or phenytoin), the half-life of hexobarbital was significantly shortened and the mean value of hexobarbital clearance was more than doubled.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Apical lesions of the cochlea in idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops and other disorders: pathophysiological implications.

Apical lesions of the cochlea may be caused by direct trauma, impairment of blood supply, contamination of perilymphatic fluid and endolymphatic hydrops. It is proposed that endolymphatic hydrops causes apical lesions when endolymph or its components leak into the perilymphatic fluid and pass through the helicotrema to degrade the tissue fluid environment of the sensory and neural structures in this area.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of theophylline in patients with liver diseases.

In patients with acute hepatitis, cholestasis, and compensated or decompensated liver cirrhosis the kinetics and urinary excretion of theophylline and metabolites were investigated following intravenous administration (193 mg). Significant decreases of plasma clearance and a prolongation of the plasma elimination half-life were found only in cases with decompensated liver cirrhosis and to a lesser extent in cases of acute hepatitis. The metabolite pattern in urine was changed in all disease groups compared to controls, i.e., increased excretion of 1-methyl uric acid and a concomitant decrease of 1,3-dimethyl uric acid and particularly of 3-methylxanthine. These results allow the following conclusions. In liver disease the 1-demethylation of theophylline is inhibited; this inhibition appears to be compensated by a shift towards 1-methyl uric acid formation. The monitoring of plasma levels of theophylline is indicated, especially in therapy of patients wtih decompensated liver cirrhosis.

Cholestasis↗
PubMed1980

[Therapy results in case of tumors of the epipharynx under special consideration of the problem of metastases (author's transl)].

A report is given on 117 patients with tumors of the epipharynx. All these patients were irradiated. 67% had early metastases in the neck region. 8% had remote metastases which became manifest within two years. The five-year survival rate was 29%, the ten-year survival rate 23%. The results in cases of carcinomas were slightly better than those of the sarcomas. A manifestation of metastases can be prevented by prophylactic irradiations of No regions. Manifest metastases can be healed by radiotherapy.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1980

[Patient data processing system in radiation therapy (author's transl)].

The present system stores the patients' data and is well adapted to the needs of radiation therapy. With a large computer available, there is no hardware required for clinical use but an intelligent terminal, a double drive mechanism for floppy disks, and a printer. Data acquisition is realized by means of marking sheets and screen display. The structure of the data, organization of the data bank, guarantee of data protection and of authenticity of the data, the evaluations possible until now and, finally, the practical procedure are described.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1980

[Lidocain clearance after oral and intravenous application in rats with low grade ANIT-cholestasis and galactosamine-induced hepatitis (author's transl)].

Each of 6 rats with a low grade of ANIT-cholestasis and a low grade of GalN-hepatitis received either 3 mg Lidocain i.v. or 24 mg Lidocain orally. The plasma concentrations of Lidocain were measured over a period of 3 1/2 hrs. The systemic clearance of Lidocain (Cli.v. = Di.v. divided by AUCi.v.) was significantly increased on ANIT-cholestasis (17 +/- 3) and GalN-hepatitis rats (13 +/- 2) (control rats: 7 +/- 1 ml/min x 100 g bw). Oral clearance of Lidocain (Clor = Dor divided by AUCor) was not significantly different in the three respective groups. In both groups with experimental liver disease the hepatic blood flow--calculated by comparing the systemic to the oral clearance--was significantly increased (22 +/- 4 and 19 +/- 3 vs 8 +/- 1 ml/min x 100 g bw). Due to this increase, the hepatic extraction ratio of Lidocain was significantly decreased (ANIT-cholestasis 0.73 +/- 0.07; GalN-hepatitis 0.74 +/- 0.05; controls 0.85 +/- 0.03). Because of an increase of systemic Lidocain clearance, no toxic plasma concentrations were observed.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate↗
PubMed1980

[Drug metabolism in patients with liver disease (author's transl)].

Patients with acute hepatitis and patients with compensated or decompensated cirrhosis of the liver have a decreased plasma clearance of hexobarbital. This however could not been demonstrated in patients with intra- or extrahepatic cholestasis and patients with primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver. The plasma clearance of methohexital, - a high clearance drug - is not changed in the same way. Also there is no evidence as yet, that patients with liver disease and without a collateral portal circulation do have an increased bioavailability of oral high clearance drugs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Methohexital clearance in patients with acute hepatitis (author's transl)].

Pharmacokinetics of methohexital were studied in patients with acute hepatitis and after a treatment period either with "essential phospholipids" or phenobarbital. During the acute phase the distribution of methohexital was significantly altered. No change had been observed in the methohexital clearance. During remission the distribution of methohexital was in a normal range. After treatment with phenobarbital the methohexital clearance increased significantly whereas no change was observed after treatment with "essential phospholipids".

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Systemic air embolism in the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.

Details of 25 cases of neonatal systemic air embolism, including three of our patients, are reviewed. This rare complication of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was observed in 21 premature infants and 4 fullterm newborns, of whom 23 required intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). In 21 of these patients air embolism was preceded by pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and/or pneumopericardium. Air embolism occurred between 3 and 288 hours after delivery. The outcome was lethal in 24 cases, only one patient survived. Two main pathogenic mechanisms are discussed; entrance of air from ruptured alveoli into the lung capillaries and introduction of air via catheters in umbilical vessels.

Embolism, Air↗
PubMed1979

[Studies on drug metabolism in obese men and mice (author's transl)].

In 7 obese patients with an overweight of 53 +/- 19% of Broca we found a 2-fold enlarged apparent volume of distribution and a nearly 2-fold prolonged elimination halflife of hexobarbital; the hexobarbital plasma clearance however, which is nearly identical with the metabolizing capacity of the liver for hexobarbital, was not decreased. Phenobarbital induced the microsomal drugmetabolizing enzyme system in the fatty liver of genetically obese mice in the same way 2-3-fold as in the non-fatty liver of the lean littermates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Urinary androgen- and estrogen excretion in men with pachydermia laryngis and cancer of the larynx.

Considering the larynx as a hormone dependent secondary sex characteristic has previously led to successful antiandrogentherapy of pachydermia of the vocal cords, which may constitute a precancerous state. As a first step to further evaluate the endocrine state of patients with precancerous lesions or cancer of the larynx, the urinary excretion of 17-hydroxysteroids, 17-ketosteroids, testosterone and estrogens has been determined in male patients with pachydermia laryngis (n = 15) or cancer of the larynx (n = 20) as compared to controls with different other otorhino-laryngological affections (n = 20). No difference between groups was found in 17-hydroxysteroids and no significant difference in 17-ketosteroid excretion. The pachydermia group as a whole showed significantly increased levels of testosterone (p = 0.01) and estrogen (p = 0.04) of 64.6 +/- 39.9 microgram/24 hr testosterone versus 34.7 +/- 19.3 microgram/24 hr in controls and 31.7 +/- 16 microgram/24 hr in laryngeal cancer and 277 +/- 14.8 microgram/24 hr total estrogens versus 19.1 +/- 12 microgram/24 hr and 17.8 +/- 8.1 microgram/24 hr respectively. These data further support the idea of hormonal factors playing an important role in the pathogenesis of pachydermia and thus possibly cancer of the larynx. So far, however, they do not permit definite conclusions on the pathogenetic mechanisms involved.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1979

[Results after split-course irradiation of bronchial carcinoma (2 series) (author's transl)].

This report concerns 1092 patients with bronchial carcinoma, exclusively irradiated by means of the split-course method. Only squamous cell carcinomas have a chance to survive the 5-year limit: all stages in 9/328 = 2.7%, T1 and T2 in 5/48 = 10%. The dependence of the effect on the radiation dose can be confirmed for squamous cell carcinoma but not for anaplastic tumors. Doses higher than 4500 rad do not bring about a longer survival for the latter. Advantages of the split-course method are: The treatment is better tolerated, operability of questionably operable cases can be checked once again after the first irradiation, series, the dose may be determined from the therapy effect in every individual case.

Adult↗