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Biomedical subjects

E Riboli

Publications and source records attributed to E Riboli.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Bladder cancer among workers in the textile industry: results of a Spanish case-control study.

This paper presents results from a case-control study carried out in the county of Mataro, Spain. The study was designed to investigate the possible causes of an unusually high mortality rate from bladder cancer in Mataro county as compared to Spain as a whole, and this report focuses on occupational exposures. The study is based on 57 cases who were hospitalized for or died from bladder cancer between 1978 and 1981. Two controls per case were matched for sex, age, residence, and date of either hospitalization or death. Information was collected on smoking, coffee drinking, and occupation. Occupational histories were then evaluated and coded blind by a group of occupational health physicians. Analyses were carried out by means of conditional logistic regression. Among a group of common occupational sectors, an increased risk for past employment in the textile industry (OR = 2.2; p = .038) was found. Further analyses indicated that the risk is particularly elevated (OR = 4.41; 95% confidence limits; 1.15-16.84) for subjects who worked in dyeing or printing and who were most probably exposed to azo-dyes. Exposure in the textile industry may be responsible for 16% of the bladder cancers in the Mataro area. A list of dyes commonly used in the Mataro textile industries was compiled and cross-checked with lists of substances tested or evaluated for carcinogenesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

A comparative study of smoking, drinking and dietary habits in population samples in France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. I. Study design and dietary habits.

Diet, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and occupational histories have been investigated in stratified random samples of the adult population in 6 areas in France (departement of Calvados), Italy (province of Varese and city of Torino), Spain (provinces of Navarra and Zaragoza) and Switzerland (canton of Geneva), to be used as a reference group in a case-control study on cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx. Out of a total of 8,074 sampled subjects, 5,564 could be interviewed. Sampling procedures are described, and reasons for non-response are analysed. Everywhere the intake of the 4 energy providing nutrients (particularly alcohol) was much greater in men than in women. In both sexes, total caloric intake was higher in Calvados and in Italy than elsewhere. There were wide inter-area variations in the consumption of butter + milk products and oils, resulting in a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio ranging from 0.27 in Calvados to 0.54-0.65 in Spain. Among nutrients suggested to be involved in cancer aetiology, inter-area differences in daily intake were up to 3-fold for carotene and smaller for vitamin C and fibre. The proportion of lipids, fibres, vitamin C and carotene provided by different foods varied widely between areas, thus suggesting that in etiological cancer studies consideration should be given not only to nutrients but also to foods providing them.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Colorectal polyps and diet: a case-control study in Marseilles.

This study investigates the differences in usual past diet between 252 subjects with newly diagnosed adenomatous or villous polyps of the colon and rectum and a group of 238 hospital controls. Cases and controls were interviewed in hospital by 3 nutritionists using a dietary history questionnaire focused on the diet during the preceding year. Nutrient intake was estimated by means of ad hoc food tables adapted from French and British tables. Out of 16 food groups considered in the analyses, the cases reported lower consumption of oil and potatoes and higher consumption of sugar added to food and drink. Among nutrients, we found that cases had a lower consumption of carbohydrates (not taking into account added sugar), potassium, magnesium and vitamin B6. We found a slightly lower intake of fibre and a slightly higher intake of saturated fat among cases, though neither was statistically significant. Intake values for fibre and for carbohydrates were highly intercorrelated and, due to measurement errors, the effect of one may be masked by the other and vice versa. The hypothesis that some components of carbohydrates (starches, fibre and natural sugars but not added sugar) play a protective role in relation to the biology of tumours of the intestinal tract is considered in further multivariate analyses and in the "Discussion".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Passive smoking and lung cancer: epidemiological evidence and ongoing international collaborative studies.

Epidemiological studies which investigated the association between lung cancer in non-smokers and exposure to tobacco smoke are reviewed. Discordant results are discussed in the light of biases and misclassification. Design, materials and methods are presented of an ongoing international collaborative study to explore the relationship between recent exposure to passive smoking (P.S.), as assessed by interview, and cotinine and thiocyanate levels in urine.

Cotinine↗
PubMed1987

IARC approaches to monitoring exposure of passive smoking.

Existing information on the nature of passive smoking shows many pitfalls in ascertaining carcinogenic exposures. Two current activities of the International Agency for Research on Cancer are described: presentation of standardized monitoring methods for passive smoking; and an international study to explore biochemical measurements in relation to passive smoking history as assessed by interview.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1987

Diet and esophageal cancer in Calvados (France).

The role of nutrients and food factors in relation to esophageal cancer was observed in a large case-control study in a region having a high incidence of the disease. Several factors that increased or decreased the risk were identified. After adjusting for other covariates, we found that animal proteins and polyunsaturated fats had a significant protective effect. Separating the effects of specific nutrients was difficult because of the intercorrelation between individual intakes of most nutrients. Foods were not so highly intercorrelated. Fresh meat, citrus fruits, and oil were found to be protective. A dietary index combining these foods was used; between the lowest and the highest levels of intake, a nine-fold difference in risk was observed. This effect is added to that of alcohol, which remains the major risk factor. The adequacy of the concepts of nutrients and foods in epidemiological studies is discussed in addition to the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Case-control study on colorectal cancer and diet in Marseilles.

A case-control study of cancer of the colon and rectum was conducted in the Marseilles region of southern France. Cases (399) and a corresponding number of controls, matched for age and sex, were included, the controls being selected from patients undergoing functional re-education for injuries or trauma which reduced their mobility. A dietary history questionnaire was used to determine the usual eating habits during the year preceding diagnosis for cases, or preceding interview for controls. The cases reported lower consumption of vegetables and oil than controls, but no differences were seen in the consumption of meat, bread, eggs or butter. The intake of several nutrients, particularly vitamins B2, B6, C, potassium, iron, magnesium and vegetable fibre, was lower among cases. However, when all these nutrients were analysed jointly and adjusted one for the other, only potassium retained a significant effect. This may be due to the high degree of colinearity between the estimated intake of many nutrients. No association was seen with fat or fibres from cereals.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Current hypotheses on the etiology of colorectal cancer. Critical review of the epidemiological evidence.

The epidemiological evidence supporting hypotheses concerning colorectal carcinogenesis presents conflicting findings. Even the detrimental role of high fat intake and the protective effect of fibre have to be qualified. In order to improve knowledge on the etiopathogenesis of colorectal cancer, more attention should be directed to the modifiers of the action of carcinogenic or anticarcinogenic substances. Sex, age, hormonal and metabolic status should be precisely accounted for, as should the exact anatomical subsite of the cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Markers of exposure and early lesions in cancer epidemiology].

The biological markers of risk can be separated into two categories: markers of exposure to a specific substance, based on several biochemical, physical and immunological methods (usually able to measure the absorbed dose); markers of early lesions which usually are not specific for a particular substance and do not estimate the dose of exposure. In epidemiological research on cancer etiology, biological markers have a different role according to whether cases are subjects with early lesions or with invasive cancers. The first approach has the advantage of shortening the observation time between exposure and the appearance of a biological effect. On the other hand, the biological relevance of the study could be limited due to the non univocal relation between early lesions and cancer. With the second approach, invasive cancer can be related to specific markers of exposure (this would permit to draw direct inference on disease etiology) or to markers of early lesions (etiological interpretation in this case would be less straightforward). The two approaches should be considered in the frame of two basic problems: What is the advantage of measuring exposure at the individual level? What is the advantage of a biological marker as compared to traditional epidemiological methods? With studies at the group level the correlation between exposure variables and disease frequency can be estimated. Nevertheless only studies at the individual level can exclude the fact that the observed correlation is due to an artefact. In this case we are left with the second question and many answers are possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1985

[Results of a dietary survey in the Calvados. Dietary intake, tobacco and alcohol consumption].

A survey on individual nutritional intake was conducted in a representative sample of 1,975 people in the French province of Calvados using a dietary history method. The energy ration (2,964 kcal/d in males, 2,148 kcal/d in females) was found to exceed the recommended allowances by 150 kcal/d in women and by 300 kcal/d in men, corresponding to alcohol consumption. The trends observed were similar to those seen elsewhere in France and other developed countries: a diet with a high proportion (41-43 p. 100) of lipids and saturated fatty acids (16-18 p. 100) mainly due to reduced consumption of vegetable foods; a high intake of cholesterol (513-422 mg) and a low ration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (3.9-4.5 p. 100) leading to a high risk of vascular diseases, particularly of the coronary arteries. The high intake of alcohol may be responsible for the high incidence of alcohol-related diseases, possibly in association with tobacco. The intake of vitamins and minerals was adequate, with the exception of iron, which was below the recommended allowance for females. In contrast with common belief, the dietary energy intake increased when alcohol consumption increased in both sexes. For tobacco, the energy ration decreased moderately in females only with increasing consumption; no relationship was observed in males.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Proportion of lung cancers due to occupational exposure.

The proportions of male lung cancers due to occupational exposure and, respectively, to cigarette smoking in a highly industrialized area of Northern Italy were estimated in a population-based case-control study in 1976-9. Two hundred and four out of the 211 lung cancer cases and 351 controls sampled from the source population were questioned about their occupational and smoking histories. On the basis of the occupational history each subject was classified as probably exposed (+), possibly exposed (?), or unexposed (-) to one or more of the chemicals known to be carcinogenic for the human lung, namely asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, nickel and chromium compounds, BCME, CMME and vinyl chloride. Upon stratification by cigarette smoking, contrasting the occupationally exposed subjects, whether certainly or uncertainly defined, with the unexposed ones, the RR for lung cancer was 2.1 and the occupational etiologic fraction was 0.33 (95% confidence interval 0.19-0.47). The tobacco etiologic fraction was 0.81, while the two exposures together accounted for 89% of the total burden of incident cases. If 33% of all male lung cancers were of occupational aetiology, then this alone would represent 5% of all cancer deaths.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Mortality from lung cancer in an acetylene and phthalic anhydride plant. A case-referent study.

Mortality from lung cancer in an acetylene and phthalic anhydride plant: A case-referent study. Scand j work environ health 9 (1983) 455-462. The study tested the hypothesis that an excess of lung cancer observed in a small town of the Milano Province in Italy was attributable to occupational exposures in a chemical plant (SISAS) producing mainly acetylene, phthalic anhydride, and their derivatives. Exposures included a large number of chemicals, some of which are known or suspected carcinogens such as soot and phthalates. The local register of deaths was the source of the cases and referents. The cases (N = 43) were the male residents in the town who had died from lung cancer from 1976 to 1979. The referents were a sample of residents from the same town who had died during the same four-year period from causes other than respiratory cancer. Causes of death were validated through clinical data and relatives' reports. Information for a complete occupational history and on smoking habits was collected in interviews of the next of kin of each study subject. After control for age and smoking, the risk of dying from lung cancer for the subjects previously employed at the SISAS plant relative to those never occupationally exposed was 5.6 (95% confidence limits 1.9-16.2). The risk for exposure to lung carcinogens in work environments other than SISAS was 1.7 (95% confidence limits 0.9-3.5). On the whole, occupational exposure to chemical carcinogens accounted for about one-third of the total number of lung cancer deaths that occurred in the area during the study period. The results call for further investigation of specific chemicals, mainly soot and phthalates, in the etiology of lung cancer.

Acetylene↗