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Biomedical subjects

E R Nye

Publications and source records attributed to E R Nye.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Transfer of excess cholesterol from human red blood cells to plasma in vitro.

This study examined the ability of plasma and plasma fractions from normolipidaemic subjects and plasma from a patient with homozygous familial high density lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier disease) to promote loss of excess cholesterol from red blood cells in vitro. Isolated high density lipoproteins were the most potent plasma fraction for removing excess cellular cholesterol. Lipoprotein-deficient plasma and human serum albumin, but not very low density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins, also removed excess cholesterol from the red blood cells. The near absence of high density lipoproteins in plasma from the patient with Tangier disease did not result in an abnormally low rate of cholesterol loss from the enriched red blood cells. These results suggest that normal levels of high density lipoproteins are not vital for the removal of excess cholesterol from red blood cells by plasma.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1983

A register of individuals with inborn errors of lipoprotein metabolism and their families.

One hundred and fifty-five hyperlipidaemic families resident in the Christchurch and Dunedin areas were included on a computerised register with built in confidentiality safeguards. Investigation of the relatives of the 155 probands identified 519 with normal lipids and a further 381 with hyperlipidaemia. The presence of 536 hyperlipidaemic individuals in the population of the two areas indicates a frequency of at least 0.12% which extrapolates to approximately 3800 cases of familial hyperlipidaemia nationwide. Our findings suggest that less than half of these are likely to have been detected. The most common condition was the mendelian dominant disorder familial hypercholesterolaemia found in 108 families. The register has been used to facilitate detection of further cases of familial hyperlipidaemias and appropriate counseling as well as for detecting and reassuring normal relatives. It also facilitates the long term study of the treatment of the affected individuals.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Hyperbetalipoproteinaemia and hyperalphalipoproteinaemia in a single family.

Twelve members of a kindred were studied of whom six showed elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Within the blood related group nine showed elevated high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and correspondingly elevated HDL lipoprotein apoprotein levels. The members with elevated LDL also therefore had elevated HDL. There was no family history of premature vascular disease in the kindred and the 74 year old member was clinically free of ischaemic vascular disease. It is considered that the coincidence of a familial tendency to high blood LDL and HDL was not associated with appearance of premature arterial disease in this kindred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Changes in high density lipoprotein subfractions and other lipoproteins by exercise.

Seventeen previously sedentary men (aged 30-45) were exercised approximately twice weekly over a 10-week period during which time there was a significant fall in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, but total high density lipoprotein (HDL) did not change. The subfraction HDL2 showed an initial fall at two weeks of training with a subsequent rise above the baseline by 10 weeks. HDL3 cholesterol tended to change in an opposite direction to HDL2 thus accounting for no significant change in total HDL cholesterol. Smoking or drinking habits did not change throughout the study. As body weights did not change significantly through the study, energy intake must have increased with probable increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) production. Loss of apoprotein C-peptides from HDL2 associated with activation of lipoprotein lipase, and clearance of VLDL, could have caused redistribution of C-apoproteins between HDL3 leading to the changes seen, with the establishment of a new equilibrium with continued training by 10 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia with gemfibrozil compared with placebo and clofibrate.

In a single-blind study the lipid-lowering drug gemfibrozil was compared at fixed dosage of 1600 mg daily with placebo and other drugs (mainly clofibrate) over a nine month period in 33 patients with hyperlipidaemia. Two patients were withdrawn from the study because of gastrointestinal symptoms attributable to gemfibrozil. The drug significantly lowered plasma cholesterol and triglycerides compared to the placebo. The drug also significantly lowered plasma cholesterol and triglycerides compared to the placebo. The drug also significantly lowered very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides and raised high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels but a previously significant inverse relationship between VLDL triglyceride and HDL cholesterol on placebo disappeared with gemfibrozil treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Adiposity, lipids, alcohol consumption, smoking, and gender.

Indices of obesity, plasma lipids, and lipoprotein levels, plasma cholesteryl ester fatty acid composition, reported alcohol consumption and smoking habits were measured in 88 men and 87 women, ages over 15 years, randomly selected from the total respondents (1192) to a health survey. Most indices of obesity were related to plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein levels in both sexes; to very low-density lipoprotein levels in men only; and to plasma cholesteryl ester fatty acid linoleic acid proportions in women only. The correlations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were dependent on very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride levels in men but not in women. Indices of obesity were significantly higher in nonsmoking women and reported alcohol consumption correlated with Quetelet's index (body mass index) in men. Smoking habits, but not alcohol consumption, influenced correlations between indices of obesity and plasma triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride levels in men. The present results showed several sex-related differences in relationships with indices of obesity. Lower very low-density lipoprotein levels, higher skinfold measurements, higher cholesteryl ester fatty acid linoleic acid proportions and lower alcohol intake in women than in men may be responsible. The data suggested that in women, altered diet composition may be linked with obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Age, adiposity, blood pressure and blood lipids in a rural New Zealand population.

Multiple regression analysis of data on age, blood pressure, adiposity and blood lipids from a rural New Zealand population of over 1200 adults has been undertaken. The results show that rises in blood lipids over time in the population are independent of age and correlate significantly with adiposity. Thus plasma cholesterol and triglycerides correlate with adiposity (expressed as Quetelet's index or skinfold thickness) in men whereas significant correlation in women was only between adiposity and plasma triglycerides. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men was strongly correlated with their plasma triglycerides, but not cholesterol, when the effect of age and adiposity was removed. In women however only a weak correlation was observed between plasma triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. The significance of the findings is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity, plasma and lipoprotein lipids and obesity in men and women.

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, lipid concentration, lipoprotein lipid concentrations and cholesteryl ester linoleic acid proportion were determined in the plasma of 85 subjects randomly selected from a population during a health screen survey. Mean fractional LCAT rate was significantly higher in men than in women. Molar LCAT rate correlated with low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration in men and with nearly all lipoprotein lipid concentrations in women. Most of these relationships were dependent on plasma unesterified cholesterol (UC) concentration. Fractional LCAT rate was correlated only with HDL cholesterol concentration in women and this relation was dependent on the influence of obesity. An inverse relationship between plasma cholesteryl ester (PCE) linoleic acid proportion and molar LCAT rate in women was also explained by influences of obesity on the data. Both fractional and molar LCAT rates were positively correlated with obesity (Quetelet's Index and subscapular skinfold thickness) in women but not in men. This study showed the influence of sex on nearly all correlations involving LCAT activity in combined groups of men and women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The Milton survey: Part 1, General methods, height, weight and 24-hour excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and creatinine.

This paper describes the methods and general aims of a survey carried out on just over 1200 subjects (about 82% of the adult population) in Milton, a small town south of Dunedin. Data were collected on personal and family history, present medication if any, 24-hour dietary recall, psychometric scores, height, weight, skin-fold thickness, anthropometry, blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, mass miniature X-ray of chest, forced expiratory volume (FEV1), fasting plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, lipoprotein pattern and fasting and post-prandial blood sugar in a selected subgroup, and 24-hour urine volume and excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and creatinine. Mean values are given in the paper for each 10-year age group for height, weight, Quetelet's index, 24-hour urine volume, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. These and other results will be discussed in detail in subsequent papers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The relation between carbohydrate extraction by the forearm and arterial free fatty acid concentration in man. I. Forearm work with nicotinic acid infusion.

To see if the magnitude of carbohydrate extraction by working skeletal muscle in man is inversely correlated with the arterial free fatty acid (FFA) concentration as in the heart, eighteen healthy men were studied during dynamic forearm work with and without nicotinic acid. The extraction or release of glucose, lactate and pyruvate was determined by the simultaneous sampling of blood from the brachial artery (a) and a deep vein (dv) of the active forearm. Nicotinic acid decreased the arterial FFA concentration from 498 +/- 53 to 134 +/- 12 mumol per litre plasma and this caused a decrease in calculated extraction of FFA. However, it did not affect the extraction of glucose, which was of a magnitude similar to one third of the oxidative metabolism in both situations. One of the possible reasons of this difference compared to the human heart muscle is that the exercising skeletal muscle may utilize stored substrate to a greater extent, which makes possible shifts in substrate utilized for oxidation without changes in substrate extraction. Another reason may be that FFA utilization covers a far smaller proportion of oxidative metabolism in skeletal than in heart muscle already before nicotinic acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Linoleic acid and susceptibility to fatal ventricular fibrillation in rats.

The effect of linoleic acid on the induction of fatal ventricular fibrillation by intravenous CaCl2 (10%), was studied in rats fed for a month from weaning on a diet with either a high or low content of linoleic acid. Studies were performed in the basal state and after pretreatment with noradrenaline, which increased the sensitivity to CaCl2 equally in animals from both diet groups. Despite considerable differences in the linoleic acid levels in the plasma and myocardium, the two groups did not differ in the incidence of fatal ventricular fibrillation. Our conclusions concerning the effect of linoleic acid on cardiac arrhythmias, and sudden death in particular, are compared with those from other studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Blood lipids and lipoproteins in a rural New Zealand population.

Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides have been measured in 1202 residents of Milton, a rural town in New Zealand. Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the serum lipoprotein classes of a random subgroup of the population are also reported. Mean plasma triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were higher for men, but mean high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration was higher in women. Urban-rural differences in plasma cholesterol are suggested since mean plasma cholesterol concentration in men reached a maximum in the 50-59 decade in the rural town (Milton) but the maximum for a nearby urban community was in the 40-49 decade. An evaluation of hyperlipidaemia by using arbitrary cut-off values for plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations showed a prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia in men, resulting in approximately three times as many men as women in some of the categories of hyperlipidaemia. Further, 26% of the 35-59 age group in the population had lipid risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Modification of nicotinic acid and prostaglandin E1 antilipolytic action in vitro.

In epididymal adipose tissue from rats, human serum antagonizes inhibition of basal lipolysis by nicotinic acid in vitro. Under similar conditions caffeine-stimulated lipolysis was unaffected by the presence of human serum. Very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) lipoproteins were all found to antagonize the action of nicotinic acid on basal lipolysis. VLDL also antagonized prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-inhibition of basal lipolysis in vitro. The fat cell membrane was suggested as the site at which human serum lipoproteins antagonize nicotinic acid or PGE1 antilipolytic action on basal lipolysis in vitro.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

A double blind controlled trial of a new anorectic agent AN448.

AN448 is a new anorectic agent, which in the dose used, is without the CNS stimulant properties of the amphetamines. Patients entering the trial were a highly resistant group at least 20 percent above ideal weight chosen from an ischaemic-hyperlipidaemic clinic population. In a double blind trial of 12 patients on the active drug and nine patients on placebo, a highly significant weight loss occurred over 12 weeks in the active group only. A significant reduction in serum cholesterol occurred independently of weight loss but there was no reduction in the serum triglycerides and no change in the lipoprotein electrophoretic pattern. The drug is shown to be effective for this group of patients and may also be useful as a cholesterol lowering agent.

Appetite Depressants↗