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Biomedical subjects

E Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to E Phillips.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cytokeratin analysis of breast and leukemia tumor cell lines by flow cytometry.

Using four human tumor cell lines, MCF-7 and T47-D from breast tumors, MOLT-4 and K-562 from leukemia, flow cytometric DNA analysis of pure and mixed cell population was performed using monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin to distinguish cytokeratin-containing carcinoma cells from leukemia cells which do not contain cytokeratins. Surprisingly, on pure or mixed K-562 cells, we found positive labeling with KL1, CK8, and CK18 antibodies (results confirmed by immunocytology). This preliminary study has allowed a DNA analysis on epithelial cells of human breast tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Idiopathic benign stricture of the common bile duct.

An unusual case of idiopathic benign stricture of the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct is described. Because of the absence of a history of pancreatitis or an operation upon the biliary tract, the obstruction was thought to be due to malignancy. However, histologic studies of tissues removed by pancreaticoduodenectomy established that the lesion was a benign stricture.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Derivative spectroscopy of tryptophan fluorescence used to study conformational transitions in the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Second and fourth derivatives have been calculated from the fluorescence emission spectra of N-acetyl tryptophanamide in solvents of varying polarity. It is demonstrated that the otherwise featureless fluorescence emission spectrum can be resolved into a series of discrete bands by the use of the derivative technique. These bands appear to have their origins in the transitions of electrons from the first excited singlet state back to the various vibrational levels of the ground state. The shifting of the fluorescence emission maximum to shorter wavelengths upon decreasing the solvent polarity is shown to be due to changes in the relative contributions of each of the bands combined with smaller changes in the band positions. Derivative spectra have also been obtained from the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. A similar pattern of bands is observed to that found in the model system and is consistent with the majority of the tryptophan residues being located in hydrophobic environments. Addition of calcium ions to the protein results in enhancement of the protein fluorescence accompanied by a small and hitherto unseen blue-shift of the spectrum. The mechanistic implications of this finding are discussed in relation to the calcium transport function of the protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Repair of chemical carcinogen-induced damage in DNA of human lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines--studies of the kinetics of removal of O6-methylguanine and 3-methyladenine.

The removal of O6-methylguanine by human lymphoid cells corresponded, with certain assumptions, to a second-order chemical reaction in any given cell. There was a spectrum of proficiency in this respect for a considerable number of cells originating from different individuals and it was found that patients with diseases associated with autoimmunity tended to fall into the less proficient groups. E-B virus-induced lymphoid cell lines, derived from proficient, but not relatively deficient, peripheral blood lymphocytes, always (in 9/9 cases) reflected the level of proficiency of the donor lymphocytes with respect to removal of O6-methylguanine. Thus while proficient lymphocytes always produced proficient cell lines, deficient lymphocytes, in 3/8 cases, gave rise to more proficient cell lines. No evidence was found that groups of individuals exist who lack ability to remove 3-methyladenine from DNA, either from their blood lymphocytes or derived lymphoid cell lines.

Adenine↗
PubMed1985

Augmented immunity in cancer patients treated with alpha-interferon.

Thirty patients with metastatic colon or breast cancer were treated with recombinant alpha-interferon, clone A, 9 to 50 X 10(6) units/sq m, i.m., 3 times weekly for up to 4 months. Immunological parameters including natural killer activity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, an assay of inhibition of tumor cell growth in culture, and quantification of leukocyte subsets were monitored serially. Statistically significant increases in the inhibition of tumor growth and in the proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells bearing the T10 marker were observed both early and late in the treatment course in the population as a whole (p less than 0.03 and p less than 0.0001, respectively). The true maximum effect in the assay of inhibition of tumor growth was probably higher, since the monitoring was not performed at peak activity for this assay. Other immune parameters, including natural killing, could not be shown to change consistently in the population as a whole, although interferon effects could be discerned easily in the activity profiles of some individual patients. The two patients with tumor response showed increased putative tumor immunity by these measures. These data confirm results previously published supporting the responsiveness of these parameters to interferon as administered clinically and may provide the basis for optimization of interferon dose and scheduling.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1985

Recurring accessory "fingernail": periungual fibrokeratoma.

A tumor of the fingertip of a 41-year-old woman presented as a diminutive supernumerary digit complete with fingernail. It had recurred five times following previous surgical removal. Histologic study showed it to be a benign fibrokeratoma with a remarkable smooth hyperkeratotic surface producing a simulated nail plate. Complete surgical excision has not been followed by any recurrence within two years.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

This article reviews, for the internist, recent advances in our understanding of the immunology and clinical characteristics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The method of treatment based on clinical staging of CLL and as practiced in the authors' clinic is detailed. It also provides an outline of possible investigation and therapy that may be expected in the coming years.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

Prenatal thyroid function abnormalities in infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome.

Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were measured on cord sera of 21 preterm infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) and were compared to the values obtained from 15 healthy preterm infants. When log T3, log T4, and log TSH were considered as the dependent variables in the multivariate test Hotelling-Lawley-Trace, there was an overall difference between the two groups: F = 3.94, p = 0.03. When log T3 and log T4 were considered separately in an analysis of covariance, there was a significant difference between the two groups for log T3 after adjusting for birth weight and gestational age (F = 7.98, p = 0.008). However, for log T4 and TSH, there was no difference between the IRDS and control infants. These findings exclude the possibility of antenatal thyroid dysfunction in babies with IRDS. An explanation for reduced cord blood T3 concentration in infants with IRDS is lacking at present. Extrathyroidal factors that predispose to IRDS may also affect peripheral T3 generation. Alternatively, one might postulate that there is relative immaturity of both peripheral T3 generating pathway and lung development in infants who develop IRDS.

Fetal Blood↗
PubMed1983

Extracellular matrix antigen of human muscle defined by a monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody (7.1B3) has been produced in mice previously immunised with a glycoprotein fraction prepared from human myotube cells grown in tissue culture. The antibody precipitates an antigen complex of four glycoprotein components from detergent extracted human muscle myotube cultures. These are two chains of about 205K MW and two chains of about 130-140K MW. The antigen complex is trypsin-sensitive collagenase insensitive and bands as a complex of 10S on sucrose gradients in NP40. Indirect immunofluorescence studies on cell cultures of myoblasts and myotubes showed that the antigen existed in a number of locations: as a granular stain on the cell surface of myotubes, and as short streaks of immunoreactivity in the extracellular matrix. Clonal populations of myoblasts and myotubes gave a similar result showing that 7.1B3 is specifically synthesized by cells of the myogenic lineage. Double indirect immunofluorescence staining with 7.1B3 antibody and fibronectin antibody showed no overlap of immunoreactivity indicating that these two antigens are different. 7.1B3 antigen was found during human fetal muscle development in vivo at all time points studied from 15 weeks onwards. Immunoreactivity was localised to the loose extracellular matrix and in the endomysium. Perymysium staining was very prominent at 25 weeks and in adult muscle. Double staining of 7.1B3 antibody and alpha-bungarotoxin was carried out to determine whether 7.1B3 was present in synaptic junctions. Although 7.1B3 was found in the endomysium it is excluded from synaptic areas. We conclude that 7.1B3 antibody defines a new and novel antigen in the extracellular matrix of human muscle in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Combination effect of azthreonam with four aminoglycosides on nosocomial gram-positive cocci and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria.

The inhibitory combination effect of azthreonam with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin respectively against 50 non-fermenting gram-negative rods and 30 gram-positive cocci was compared using the checkerboard agar dilution technique. On average 49.5% of all non-fermenting strains were inhibited by additive, and 48.5% by synergistic azthreonam-aminoglycoside combinations, but only 4.5% of the gram-positive cocci were inhibited by synergistic combinations. No antagonism occurred. No significant differences could be found between the effects of the respective azthreonam-aminoglycoside combinations.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1982

Combination chemotherapy of advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the M-2 protocol (vincristine, BCNU, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and prednisone).

The M-2 protocol (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, BCNU, melphalan, and prednisone) was administered monthly to 63 evaluable patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Complete remission (absence of all clinical and bone marrow evidence of leukemia) and partial response (greater than 50% decrease in organ enlargement and reduction of WBC count to below 15,000 x 10(6)/liter) were achieved in 17% and 44%, respectively, for a total response rate of 61%. The median survivals from therapy of patients achieving a CR, RR, or no response were 73+, 40, and 14 mo respectively. The median survival time from onset of treatment for stages II, III, and IV disease were 47, 20 and 19 mo, respectively, which was not statistically different from historical controls. However, when untreated patients are compared to this latter group, a significant survival advantage from diagnosis was found (p = 0.01), stressing the importance of prior therapy as the only unfavorable prognostic factor. Although complete remissions in CLL, as reflected in apparently normal bone marrow B-lymphocyte markers, can be induced wih acceptable morbidity, the majority of patients relapse after cessation of therapy. An alternative approach to the M-2 protocol will be needed to eradicate the disease.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Creatine kinase isoenzymes in cultured human muscle cells. II. A study of carrier females for Duchenne muscular dystrophy by needle and open biopsy.

Creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes, total and specific CK activities and protein concentrations were measured in the cultured cells from muscle biopsies of 18 carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and the results compared with those in the cultures of patients with DMD and other neuromuscular disorders. The proportion of MB and BB isoenzyme in the carriers was similar to that in boys with DMD and in patients with other myogenic disorders, and significantly different from neurogenic patients. CK isoenzyme analysis appears to be a more sensitive index of in vitro differentiation than estimation of CK activities. Cell differentiation is reduced and the incidence of cell death increased in cultures derived from needle rather than open biopsies.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Design and evaluation of a pilot community program for musculoskeletal disability.

A pilot community program for arthritis disability was developed for three census tracts in Jamaica Plain. An inexpensive case-finding phone and mail survey carried out by community volunteers identified persons with arthritis disability at a unit cost of $8.46. Persons identified had a variety of problems: undiagnosed and treatable arthritic conditions such as psoriatic arthritis and tophaceous gout. Some were ignorant about the risks and benefits of joint replacement surgery, about rehabilitation intervention, or about existing community resources such as transportation services. Persons with impaired function from arthritis were assessed by a rehabilitation team and were given specific management recommendations. A trained ombudsman assisted the clients in getting health care or community services. An experimental design was used to evaluate the advocacy program in improving function and to document patterns of utilization. The results suggest that persons who received the intervention were more likely to have improved their function status, but the numbers are too small to permit definite conclusions.

Arthritis↗