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Biomedical subjects

E Paul

Publications and source records attributed to E Paul.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The elastase-inhibitor eglin has no effect in an ovine model of endotoxemia.

Small doses of endotoxin have been shown to induce pulmonary microvascular injury in sheep, possibly by the action of granulocytes. Eglin, a potent inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, was tested in an ovine model of endotoxemia. The experiment was performed in 12 unanesthetized chronically instrumented sheep with a lung lymph preparation. Endotoxin (S. abort. equii) was infused at 24 ng/(kg x h) with application of 20 mg/kg eglin 1 h before endotoxin in the treatment group and followed by 5 mg/(kg x h). No significant improvement due to the treatment was seen for either cardiovascular status (pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance) or permeability changes in the lung (lymph flow and lymph/plasma protein ratio), although sufficient eglin concentrations were achieved in plasma and lymph. The lack of an effect of eglin might be because higher concentrations are needed to block elastase-like activity of ovine granulocytes or because of a minor role for neutrophil elastase in this shock model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Cutaneous metastatic angiosarcoma of the forearm].

Cutaneous angiosarcoma are rare tumours and occur particularly rarely on the extremities. There are only a few reports in the literature concerning their clinical and catamnestic behaviour. We report the case of a 57-year-old male North African with a large exophytic and nodular tumour of the left forearm that showed a vasoformative histological pattern. The endothelial cell origin was proven by immunocytochemistry using endothelial cell antibodies such as anti-vWf (syn.:anti F VIII R:Ag), UEA I and the monoclonal antibody BMA 120. The patient's history revealed that the neoplasm had grown slowly for more than 15 years. After partial resection, the tumour enlarged rapidly and the patient died of widespread metastases.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1987

[Value of the intracutaneous skin test in analgesic intolerance in comparison with oral provocation].

A total of 24 patients showing predominantly urticarial and/or anaphylactic reactions to analgesics were exposed to the suspicious agents by means of skin testing and oral provocation. Only two patients, who had already shown mild anaphylactic symptoms during the skin test, were excluded from the oral provocation test. In 19 out of 24 cases, the presumed intolerance of analgesics could be confirmed by oral provocations, i.e., the rate of accuracy was 79%. Five patients tolerated the usual therapeutic single doses of previously suspicious agents, although 3 of them had shown positive skin tests. Two patients failed to show suspicious symptoms in both skin and oral provocation test. 14 patients reacted to propyphenazone, 6 patients to metamizole, and one patient each additionally to salicylamide or phenylbutazone. In the majority of the cases, parallel skin tests with all test agents were performed, using both aqueous suspension and the so-called serum linkage. Principally, both procedures proved equally good. In our patients, the skin tests (prick and intracutaneous test) were only reliable regarding the demonstration of propyphenazone allergy. 16 out of 19 patients showed the same reactions to both skin test and oral provocation (84%); in 3 cases, however, the skin tests to propyphenazone were false positive. The rate of accuracy in the metamizole skin test was 45%. With regard to the remaining suspicious agents, only 2 out of 6 positive skin tests were confirmed by oral provocation. In total, the numbers of true positive and false positive skin tests were almost equal. Thus, the demonstration of analgesic intolerance by history and skin test was only possible with a probability rate of 50%. By oral provocation, however, analgesic intolerance could be proved in almost 80% of the cases. Regarding the remaining 5 patients, we must assume that they were devoid of true analgesic allergy in spite of partly positive skin tests and apparently confirmative history.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Therapy of urticaria with H1 and H2 antihistaminics. Results of clinical and experimental studies].

The antipruritic effect of modern H1- and H2-receptor blockers in chronic urticaria, that had been clinically proved, was experimentally studied by means of the histamine weal test. The H2-antihistamine preparation ranidine alone did not clearly reduce weals or erythemas induced by histamine when compared with a placebo. As expected, both parameters were markedly reduced by the H1-antihistamine preparation terfenadine. After combined administration of both drugs, the effect of the H1-blocker proved to be significantly increased. We discuss the possible mode of action and the consequences for anti-allergic therapy.

Benzhydryl Compounds↗
PubMed1987

Expression of the c-src protooncogene in human skin tumors.

Retroviral oncogenes are genetic elements, the expression of which is responsible for the transformed phenotype of cells. These genes are derived from normal cellular DNA sequences called cellular protooncogenes, which are present in all human cells and seem to have potential transforming ability in tumors of nonviral origin, since it is possible that they undergo structural alterations and/or changes in their expression. Human skin tumors were analyzed in this study with respect to the expression of the c-src protooncogene, the cellular homologue of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene, by measuring the enzymatic activity of its gene product, the pp60c-src kinase activity. Tyrosine-specific kinase activity was detected in all skin tumors tested. The expression pattern of the c-src gene product in the melanomas tested was differential and varying kinase levels in different metastases from the same patient were detected. The elevation of kinase activity as compared to normal skin ranged from about 4- to 20-fold.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Length of stay for common surgical procedures: variation among districts.

Lengths of stay for appendicectomy, inguinal hernia repair and cholecystectomy for the 16 districts in the Northern Regional Health Authority (NRHA) and 15 districts in the South East Thames Regional Health Authority (SETRHA) are examined using data recorded in the Hospital Activity Analysis. Considerable variations exist among districts, with the three longest stay districts for each procedure in NRHA having an age-adjusted length of stay of 113 per cent of the regional average for appendicectomy, 125 per cent for hernia and 115 per cent for cholecystectomy. This resulted in greater than 2000 additional bed days per year being occupied in the three longest stay districts in the NRHA compared with the regional average. The age adjusted length of stay for the three shortest stay districts for each procedure is 83 per cent of the regional average for appendicectomy, 75 per cent for hernia and 85 per cent for cholecystectomy. Similar differences are seen in the SETRHA, and derive from differences in the length of both preoperative and postoperative stay. Explanations for the observed variations are considered in terms of population, organizational and clinical variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Modeling productivity of a salt marsh.

A model of primary productivity in a salt marsh is developed and compared to a regression analysis study of data showing dependence of growth on growing season, mean tidal height, and average monthly temperatures for several grass species.

Ecology↗
PubMed1987

Variations in S-100 protein expression in naevocellular naevi may be related to metabolic activity.

Significant amounts of S-100 protein were demonstrated in naevus cells by an immunoperoxidase technique. Distribution of S-100 protein was similar in the various types of naevi tested. In most lesions, the superficial A-type naevus cells stained most heavily, while staining was weaker in the deeper B- and C-type naevus cells. The intensity of staining was not, however, homogeneous in the cells of the various layers of the naevus. S-100 protein was especially abundant in giant naevus cells which occurred in the vicinity of sub-epidermal A-type naevocytes. Cells from neurocutaneous melanosis contained extremely large amounts of S-100 protein. Normal melanocytes in the epidermis over dermal naevi contained variable amounts of S-100 protein, but mainly showed weak staining. However, in the basal epidermis of traumatized naevi there were many unusually large and partly dendritic melanocytes. In this part of the epidermis, S-100 protein-positive cells lay close together, and many stained strongly. In earlier work, large amounts of metabolic enzymes were found at the same sites in traumatized naevi and giant cells. These results suggest that a high degree of expression of S-100 protein is due to metabolic activity shown, for example, by giant naevus cells and basal melanocytes of the regenerating epidermis over traumatized naevi.

Calcium-Binding Proteins↗
PubMed1987

[Skin reactions to food and food constituents--allergic and pseudoallergic reactions].

Which skin reactions, with allergic or pseudo-allergic mechanism, are actuated by food? Contact urticaria or "forme-fruste-anaphylaxis" is the most common. Tests, using purchasable allergen extracts, mostly produce negative results, due to inadequate natural identity. Therefore, scratchtests with the natural antigens are necessary. Apart from the acute and chronic urticaria, classic other reaction types (Coombs and Gell) within the scope of real food allergy are also present (allergic vasculitis from meat containing penicillin, thrombocyopenic purpura after taking aspirin or quinine); cellular immune reactions to food and its components are also not uncommon. The importance of natural salicylate for the aetiopathogenesis of chronic urticaria has not yet been ascertained; nevertheless, a suitable diet is recommended on the understanding that degranulation of the mast cells, possibly due to subclinical stimuli, is triggered off.

Allergens↗
PubMed1986

Biosynthesis of cyclosporin A: partial purification and properties of a multifunctional enzyme from Tolypocladium inflatum.

An enzyme fraction most probably involved in the biosynthesis of cyclosporin A was purified 540-fold from Tolypocladium inflatum. The enzyme was capable of forming covalent enzyme-substrate complexes and catalyzed the ATP-pyrophosphate exchange reactions dependent on the unmethylated constituent amino acids of cyclosporin A. Evidence was obtained that covalent binding of substrate amino acids occurred via thioester linkage. Furthermore, the N-methylation of thio-esterified valine, leucine, and glycine residues with S-adenosyl-L-methionine was demonstrated. De novo synthesis of cyclosporin A was not observed but the formation of the diketopiperazine cyclo-(D-Ala-MeLeu) from D-alanine and L-leucine under the consumption of ATP and S-adenosyl-L-methionine. This cyclodipeptide represents a partial sequence of cyclosporin A. Molecular mass determinations revealed the enzyme activity to be lying in the range of about 700 kDa.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1986

Influence of certain factors on the manifestations of the adverse effects of metrizamide myelography.

Although metrizamide is now being superseded by other contrast media, the mechanisms of its side effects may be of fundamental importance. One hundred and four consecutive patients with suspected cervical cord or root lesion were studied prospectively for factors which might influence the side effects of metrizamide myelography. Elderly patients were more prone to develop mental confusion. An earlier onset of dizziness and/or vertigo was associated with the lumbar route of intrathecal injection. Perhaps surprisingly, phenobarbitone prophylaxis shortened the duration of confusion and delayed the onset of headaches. Other factors, viz. sex, excess intracranial flow of metrizamide and myelographic blockage were not shown to have a significant influence on the adverse reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of chronic urticaria with terfenadine and ranitidine. A randomized double-blind study in 45 patients.

45 patients with chronic urticaria were randomized to double blind therapy with terfenadine an H1-antihistamine or ranitidine, an H2-antihistamine, or a combination of both drugs. The therapeutic response was assessed by diary scores. The primary effect variable was "itching". The inference-statistical evaluation of the patient scores showed varying therapeutic effects. The Type-I error was p = 0.015. Itching was reported to be significantly lower by patients receiving both drugs than by those who were given terfenadine alone, while ranitidine in monotherapy had no significant effect on itching. A similar trend was seen in assessment of the severity of weals, while the treatment regimens had no influence on swelling.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cellular (thrombocytes, granulocytes) effects of proteinase inhibitors--gabexylate, gabexate mesilate (FOY) and aprotinin.

Because of the involvement of proteinases in the activation mechanism of thrombocytes and granulocytes, the effect of proteinase inhibitors was tested. To document cell activation we used thrombocyte and granulocyte aggregation. Chemiluminescence and superoxide production were used as parameters for the release of activated oxygen compounds, and lysozyme as a marker of lysosomal enzyme release. FOY and aprotinin inhibited all but not arachidonic acid thrombocyte aggregation. Only aprotinin diminished granulocyte responses to various stimuli, while FOY was without effect at concentration less than 100 microM.

Aprotinin↗