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Biomedical subjects

E Otomo

Publications and source records attributed to E Otomo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[A case of normal pressure hydrocephalus with orthostatic hypotension].

A 67-year-old male case of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) after subarachnoid hemorrhage with orthostatic hypotension is reported. He was admitted with gait disturbance two months after a V-P shunt procedure for NPH. Because of shunt malfunction, a triad of clinical symptoms of NPH (dementia, gait disturbance and urinary incontinence) appeared and orthostatic hypotension developed. These conditions gradually worsened. After a reshunting procedure, the triad of NPH symptoms diminished and orthostatic hypotension disappeared. The same etiology that induced NPH symptoms was suspected in this orthostatic hypotension. Tension against the frontal lobes and on the walls of the third ventricle may affect the higher blood pressure regulatory apparatus of the autonomic nervous system which consisted of frontal lobe cortex, limbic system and hypothalamus.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[EEG findings in hip fracture of the elderly].

Twenty three patients with hip fractures, over 70 years old of age, who had surgical treatment and medical rehabilitation in the Yokufukai Geriatric Hospital were studied to evaluate changes of EEG findings at the time of hip fracture. In all cases, the pre-fracture ambulation status were independent. EEG findings were graded as normal, abnormal (minor degree, moderate-to-severe degree) and states of ambulation after hip fracture were graded good or poor. Good ambulation was defined as total independence and poor ambulation was defined as dependent on assistance or bedridden. In 11 cases of good ambulation, nine had an EEG which was normal or abnormal to a minor degree during pre- and post-fracture periods. In 12 cases of poor ambulation, seven had an EEG which was normal or abnormal to a minor degree in the pre-fracture period, but in the post-fracture period, only two of them were in the same grade and five showed moderate-to-severe abnormal EEG findings. Five out of 12 cases of poor ambulation demonstrated moderate-to-severe EEG abnormality in pre- and post-fracture periods. The present study suggests that the response to hip fractures in the elderly are divided into two types based on their brain functions. One group can maintain good brain function immediately after hip fractures, while the other can not maintain sufficient brain function and lose their ambulatory ability.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Widespread tau abnormality in a case of cortico-basal degeneration].

A case with cortico-basal degeneration was reported with special reference to the immunohistochemical study. A 59-year-old housewife noted tremor and clumsiness of her left hand. On the initial examination she showed the hyperreflexia of the upper extremities and jaw jerk, parkinsonian symptoms such as Myerson sign, parkinsonian gait and rigidity in the left arm. She showed pronounced forced grasping in the left hand. At the age of 60 she showed a WAIS scale with verbal IQ of 99 and performance below the scale. She could not copy hand postures. Tremor was aggravated by action or anxiety, more prominent on the left hand. There was some incoordination on the finger-nose testing of left arm and on the knee-heel testing of both legs. She also showed homolateral dyskinesia. She had a left Babinski sign and sensory testing was normal. A CT scan showed slightly enlarged ventricles (Fig. 1). At the age of 61 she could not understand simple requests and speak few words spontaneously, showing severe dysarthria. There were palilalia and motor impersistence. CT scan showed more widening of the lateral ventricles. At the age of 62, she had lingual dyskinesia and tapping on her upper lip provoked myoclonic jerk on her arms. She died of pneumonia at the age of 65 years, 6 years from the onset. The brain weighed 1190 g. There were bilateral old subdural hematomas on the right parietal and occipital lobe and the left parietal lobe. There was atrophy of frontal and superior parietal region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Basal Ganglia Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity in cerebral amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease and kuru plaque amyloid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

During the course of our immunohistochemical studies on the change of lipids in Alzheimer's disease brains by using antibody to apolipoprotein E, a protein having a special relevance to nervous tissue, we unexpectedly found that apo E immunoreactivity was associated with amyloid in both senile plaques and cerebral vessels and neurofibrillary tangles. The immunoreactivity was also found in amyloid of kuru plaques in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Pretreatment of the sections with formic acid greatly enhanced immunoreactivity of senile and kuru plaques to antibody to apo E.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1991

Morphometric study of cervical anterior horn cells and pyramidal tracts in medulla oblongata and the spinal cord in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

To clarify the effect of damage to the upper motor neurons on lower motor neurons, quantitative studies were made regarding the cross-sectional area and the number of the individual anterior horn cells in the lateral nuclear cell groups of the 5th segment of the cervical spinal cord (C5), and regarding the cross-sectional areas of the pyramidal tract in the medulla, and in the spinal cord at the C5 and L2 levels. The subjects included 45 patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and 50 age-matched controls without neurological disease. The medullary pyramid (MP) and the ventral funiculus (VF), ipsilateral to the hemispheric lesion, were compared with the MP and VF of the other, unaffected, side. The ventro-lateral funiculus (VLF), anterior horn (AH) and C5 anterior horn cell (AHC), contralateral to the lesion, were also compared with the VLF, AH, and AHC of the other, unaffected, side. The AHC area (mean cross-sectional area of anterior horn cells) and the MP area, VF area, VLF area, AH area (mean cross-sectional areas of MP, VF, VLF and AH) associated with the hemispheric lesional side were significantly decreased, compared with those of the unaffected sides and the controls. However, there was no significant difference in AHC number between the affected and unaffected sides in patients with CVD, nor between the affected side and the controls. In order to examine the relationship between a decrease in AHC area and degree of paralysis, CVD patients were divided into two groups according to degree of muscle strength: the severe and mild paralysis groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The significance of cerebral white matter lesions in vascular dementia--from psychiatric aspects].

The significance of cerebral white matter lesions in vascular dementia was mentioned, based on the findings of 50 autopsied cases at Yokuhukai Geriatric Hospital. Neuropathology of vascular dementia is classified to 5 types, i.e. 1) lacunar type, 2) cortical type, 3) cortico-white matter type, 4) white matter type, and 5) Binswanger type. Our findings on 50 patients revealed no lacunar type, cortical type in 8 cases, cortico-white matter type in 19, white matter type in 9, and Binswanger type in 14. The fact that 42 patients out of 50 showed some lesions involving the cerebral white matter suggested the important role of the white matter lesions in the pathogenesis of dementia of vascular type. Our cases also indicated that Binswanger type be commonly observed, although dementia of this type has been thought to be very rare since Binswanger (1894) and Alzheimer (1902) had reported similar patients. The patients with cerebral white matter lesions develop more marked dementia, especially of frontal and parieto-occipital type, than ones with cortical lesions, but the characteristics of symptoms of white matter and Binswanger type remain to be fully clarified.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Reappraisal of neurofibrillary tangles. Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and immunoelectron microscopical studies.

We have studied the immunohistochemical reactivity and ultrastructure of both neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) occurring with severe neurofibrillary diseases, and Pick bodies (PBs) associated with Pick's disease. The NFTs and PBs did not react immunohistochemically with the anti-nonphosphorylated neurofilament monoclonal antibody irrespective of whether they were pretreated with alkaline phosphatase. In granular neurons of the dentate fascia of Ammon's horn in cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), NFTs either resembled PB-like inclusion bodies (Horoupian's inclusion bodies) in form, or had a perinuclear structure. Immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, the NFTs in the dentate fascia in cases of DAT, including Horoupian's inclusion bodies, were similar to the NFTs in the pyramidal neurons of Ammon's horn, which are found most frequently in association with severe neurofibrillary diseases. Under a light microscope, Horoupian's inclusion bodies and PBs could not be differentiated and appeared to be argyrophilic round cytoplasmic inclusions in granular neurons of the dentate fascia. There were, however, ultrastructural differences. Horoupian's inclusion bodies consisted of bundles made up of straight tubules (STs), each about 15 nm in diameter. These bundles were intermixed with a few paired helical filaments which occurred at intervals of about 80 nm. On the other hand, PBs were composed of randomly distributed 15-nm-wide STs, intermixed with a very few fibrillary structures. These fibrils had a periodicity of about 160 nm, and ranged in width from about 15 nm to 30 nm. Horoupian's inclusion bodies associated with DAT and PBs associated with Pick's disease are different in this neuropathological aspect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Absence of the cystatin C amyloid in the cerebral amyloid angiopathy, senile plaque, and extra-CNS amyloid deposits of aged Japanese.

Amyloid protein in Icelandic patients with hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a variant of cystatin C. Immunoreactivities of the cystatin C and other amyloid proteins were investigated in CAA and other senile amyloid deposits in the Japanese sporadic aged cases including patients with dementia of Alzheimer type, and compared with those in Icelandic hereditary CAA. Compared with positive reaction of cystatin C in Icelandic hereditary CAA, no immunoreactivity of cystatin C was found in senile amyloid deposits of the Japanese aged including CAA. Immunoreactivity of the amyloid beta protein was negative in Icelandic hereditary CAA, for which CAA and senile plaque amyloid in the Japanese senile brains were positive. Our data suggest that the cystatin C amyloid would be present only in hereditary CAA, but not in the CAA and other senile amyloid deposits of the sporadic aged cases.

Aged↗